Phylogeny and species delimitation in Silene sect. Arenosae (Caryophyllaceae): a new section

A putatively monophyletic group of annual Silene species is revised taxonomically and described as the new section S. sect. Arenosae. The species of this section were previously treated as a part of a widely circumscribed and polyphyletic S. sect. Rigidulae. Silene sect. Arenosae as circumscribed here consists of nine species. Members of the section show a predominantly E Mediterranean to SW Asian distribution pattern from Turkey southward to Egypt and eastward to Iran and Pakistan, although most of the species have a limited distribution range. The species of S. sect. Arenosae are characterized by narrowly lanceolate calyx teeth, which are often highly polymorphic, and lanceolate to oblanceolate (non-spathulate) basal leaves. The provided taxonomic revision is based on morphological characters and supported by phylogenetic analyses of two nuclear loci (nrITS and an intron of the RPB2 gene) and one chloroplast locus (the intron of the rps16 gene). The species descriptions are formalized using a novel implementation of the Prometheus Description Model.

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Morphological phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revision of the Panorpa davidi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny ◽

10.3897/asp.79.e65179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 309-342

Author(s):

Li Ning ◽

Ji-Shen Wang ◽

Bao-Zhen Hua

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Maximum Parsimony ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Monophyletic Group ◽

Key To Species ◽

First Time

Abstract The Chinese Panorpa species without anal horn are normally assigned to the Panorpa davidi group. Here, we taxonomically revise the P. davidi group, which currently includes 17 known species and four new species: P. gaokaii sp. nov., P. huayuani sp. nov., P. uncinata sp. nov. and P. yaoluopingensis sp. nov. Panorpa shanyangensis Chou & Wang, 1981 and P. sexspinosa zhongnanensis Chou & Ran, 1981 are treated as junior synonyms of P. sexspinosa Cheng, 1949. We describe for the first time the male of P. stigmosa Zhou, 2006, and the females of P. curva Carpenter, 1938, P. davidi Navás, 1908, P. difficilis Carpenter, 1938, P. fructa Cheng, 1949, and P. jinchuana Hua, Sun & Li, 2001. A key to species of the group is provided. Phylogenetic analyses of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood based on 79 morphological characters show that the newly defined P. davidi group is a well-supported monophyletic group and is sister to the genus Cerapanorpa Gao, Ma & Hua, 2016.

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Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-020-01730-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pau Carnicero ◽

Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽

Llorenç Sáez ◽

Theophanis Constantinidis ◽

Mercè Galbany-Casals

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Long Distance ◽

Aegean Islands ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

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Phylogeny of Palaearctic Pharyngodonidae parasite species of Testudinidae: a morphological approach

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z03-166 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 1885-1893 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Salah Bouamer ◽

Serge Morand

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Type Species ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Monophyletic Group ◽

Ancestral State ◽

Morphological Approach ◽

Species Descriptions

The phylogenetic relationships of 23 oxyurid species from five genera (21 parasite species of the Palaearctic Testudinidae, 1 parasite species of Uromastix acanthinurus Bell, 1825 from Algeria, and 1 parasite species of Cteno sa ura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834) from Mexico) were investigated using 30 morphological characters obtained from species descriptions. The nonweighted analysis produced one shortest tree. All species of the ingroup form a monophyletic group and the oxyurid species of Testudinidae form a monophyletic group. The type species of the genus Alaeuris Thapar, 1925 is the basal member of the species parasitizing Testudinidae. The analysis confirms the monophyly of the genus Thaparia Ortlepp, 1933, whereas the genera Mehdiella Seurat, 1918 and Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 are considered paraphyletic groups. The large diversification in the genus Tachygonetria is linked to their position in the host caecum. The ancestral state is in the paramucous and the derived state is in the centre of the caecum. This suggests that recent speciation in the group occurs in the centre of the caecum.

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A Taxonomic Revision of Fern Genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya Region, with Special Reference to the Identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.424.4.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 424 (4) ◽

pp. 197-216

Author(s):

ZHONG-YANG LI ◽

XIAN-CHUN ZHANG ◽

ZHEN-LONG LIANG ◽

JIE LI

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Similar Species ◽

Spore Morphology ◽

Distribution Map ◽

New Synonyms

The fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region is revised based on morphological study. Reduced basal pinnae, angles between costule and costae, and glands/hairs on abaxial surfaces/indusia are considered as the most diagnostic morphological characters for species delimitation. Genus Trigonospora was excluded from genus Pseudocyclosorus. This segregation is supported by multiple morphological features. Eight species were recognized here, namely Pseudocyclosorus tylodes, P. pseudofalcilobus, P. falcilobus, P. subochthodes, P. stramineus, P. ornatipes, P. esquirolii and P. canus. Twenty-one names were reduced as new synonyms. One name (P. duclouxii) was considered a dubious species. A key to these eight species, their descriptions, spore morphology and distribution map of each species are given. Pseudocyclosorus stramineus was a long overlooked species, which has always been misidentified as other similar species, and was wrongly reduced as a synonym of P. duclouxii. Here based on morphology characters, the identity of P. stramineus as a species was reclaimed. A more detailed description with photographs and illustrations, and its whole distribution range are given here.

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Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4200.2.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4200 (2) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JASON L. WILLIAMS ◽

JOHN S. LAPOLLA

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

New Combination ◽

New Combinations ◽

Extant Species ◽

Morphological Diagnosis ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Inference Methods ◽

Worker Caste

The formicine ant genus Prenolepis is here revised for the first time. Thirteen extant species are recognized of which four are described as new. A key for the worker caste is provided, and the worker of each species is imaged, with males and queens imaged in species where they are known. Worker-based characters were used to construct a species-level phylogeny of Prenolepis. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods were used for the phylogenetic analyses. A morphological diagnosis for the genus is provided, with a discussion of useful morphological characters for separating Prenolepis from other genera in the Prenolepis genus-group. Major taxonomic changes are proposed. The new species are: P. darlena, P. fustinoda, P. mediops, and P. shanialena. Prenolepis jerdoni subopaca is elevated to full species. Three species are excluded from Prenolepis and transferred to Nylanderia and Paratrechina as new combinations: N. emmae, N. flaviabdominis, and P. umbra. Two species are excluded from Paratrechina and transferred to Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina as new combinations: N. guanyin and P. kongming. One species, Z. darlingtoni, is excluded from Nylanderia and transferred to Zatania as a new combination. Several synonyms are proposed: Prenolepis sphingthoraxa = Nylanderia flaviabdominis; P. imparis arizonica, P. imparis colimana, P. imparis coloradensis, and P. imparis veracruzensis = P. imparis; P. melanogaster carinifrons and P. nigriflagella = P. melanogaster; P. longiventris and P. magnocula = P. naoroji; and P. septemdenta = Nylanderia opisopthalmia.

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Taxonomic revision of the Asplenium wrightii complex (Aspleniaceae) with reinstatement of A. alatulum and A. subcrenatum

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.172.62511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 75-91

Author(s):

Ke-Wang Xu ◽

Lu-Lu Wang ◽

Li-Bing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Species Delimitation ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Field Observations ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Previously Treated ◽

Type Information

The Asplenium wrightii complex is morphologically variable and difficult in species delimitation. Owing to lack of comprehensive sampling in phylogenetic studies, the taxonomy of this complex remains unresolved. Based on extensive field observations, specimen examination and our recent molecular data, the present study aims to clarify the identities of three species of Asplenium in this complex from Asia. Our study revealed that A. alatulum and A. subcrenatum, previously treated as synonyms of A. wrightii, should be reinstated. A taxonomic revision of the three species, including their type information, detailed descriptions, voucher specimens, distribution, ecology, as well as taxonomic notes, is carried out.

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Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Kernia and Acaulium

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-67347-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Su ◽

Hua Zhu ◽

Yongchun Niu ◽

Yaxi Guo ◽

Xiaopeng Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Large Set ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Tubulin Genes ◽

Morphological Criteria ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Abstract The genera Kernia and Acaulium comprise species commonly isolated from dung, soil, decaying meat and skin of animal. The taxonomy of these fungi has been controversial and relies mainly on morphological criteria. With the aim to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of these fungi, we studied all the available ex-type strains of a large set of species by means of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the partial 28S rDNA (LSU) showed that the genera Kernia and Acaulium were found to be separated in two distinct lineages in Microascaceae. Based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, LSU, translation elongation factor 1α and β-tubulin genes, the species in Kernia and Acaulium were well separated and two new combinations are introduced, i.e. Acaulium peruvianum and Acaulium retardatum, a new species of Kernia is described, namely Kernia anthracina. Descriptions of the phenotypic features and molecular phylogeny for identification are discussed for accepted species in two genera in this study.

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Molecular assessment of the genus Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, with the description of S. xochitlae sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.461.4.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 461 (4) ◽

pp. 254-274

Author(s):

DONAJÍ GONZÁLEZ-NIETO ◽

MARIANA C. OLIVEIRA ◽

MARÍA LUISA NÚÑEZ RESENDIZ ◽

KURT M. DRECKMANN ◽

LUZ ELENA MATEO-CID ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Population Level ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Assessment ◽

Independent Species

The recognition of many species of Sargassum has been difficult because morphological characters show significant phenotypic variation depending on habitat, season, or even differences at the population level. To resolve some of these systematic issues along the Mexican Atlantic coast, molecular analyses of Sargassum species were carried out using DNA sequences of the COI-5P, ITS-2 and rbcL_S genetic markers. Of the 16 species recorded for the area, five species (S. acinarium, S. mathiesonii, S. pteropleuron, S. pusillum and S. ramifolium) were not found during the collections and their status remains undefined. Phylogenetic analyses of the three molecular markers showed that 10 species with their varieties (S. bermudense, S. buxifolium, S. cymosum, S. filipendula, S. fluitans, S. furcatum, S. hystrix, S. natans, S. polyceratium, and S. vulgare) were grouped into a polytomy, with low genetic diversity. If we consider these markers as suitable for proxy for species delimitation, these species should be synonymized under S. cymosum, the older name. Taxonomic independence was confirmed only for S. platycarpum and our data revealed a new morphologically and molecularly independent species within the genus, described here as Sargassum xochitlae.

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Generic Placement of the Former Condaliopsis (Rhamnaceae) species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 236 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melissa Bauer Islam ◽

Robert P. Guralnick

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Limited Range ◽

New Combination ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Shrub Species ◽

Distinct Genus ◽

Nuclear Loci ◽

Morphological Research ◽

Thorny Shrub

Condaliopsis is a genus of eight thorny shrub species. Previous morphological research shed doubt on the validity of Condaliopsis as a distinct genus in Rhamnaceae. Condaliopsis species were transferred to one of two genera, Ziziphus or Condalia, but some authors continue to recognize Condaliopsis. A recent phylogenetic study did not support Condaliopsis as monophyletic and placement of Condaliopsis species in either Ziziphus or Condalia was not straightforward. To clarify the generic placement of these eight species, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on two nuclear loci (nrITS and 26S), two chloroplast loci (trnL-F and trnQ-rps16) and morphological characters. We present evidence that five of the Condaliopsis species should remain in Ziziphus, one should remain in Condalia, and two should be transferred from Ziziphus to Condalia. One of these species had an existing binomial within Condalia, Condalia parryi, and one required a new combination, Condalia celata. Condalia celata is a federally listed endangered species with a limited range in Florida.

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Phylogenetic relationships of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae) and related genera from aquatic habitats

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b06-123 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 84 (12) ◽

pp. 1753-1770 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José L. Martínez-y-Pérez ◽

Teresa Mejía-Saulés ◽

Victoria Sosa

Keyword(s):

Life Style ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Monophyletic Group ◽

Aquatic Habitats ◽

Aquatic Life

Luziola is a small aquatic genus consisting of nine American species and belonging to Poaceae (subfamily Ehrhartoideae, tribe Oryzeae). We surveyed 160 morphological characters and performed phylogenetic analyses to determine relationships within the genus and between it and its closest relatives, and to deduce the evolution of a number of characters in relation to the aquatic habit. Our results confirm that Luziola is a monophyletic group and that Zizaniopsis is its sister group among taxa examined but revealed only a few clades within Luziola, the best supported of which consists of Luziola fragilis Swallen, Luziola fluitans (Michx.) Terrell & H. Rob., and Luziola peruviana J.F. Gmel. We used this phylogenetic evidence to reconstruct the evolution of several characters hypothesized to be correlated to an aquatic life style, including reduction or absence of glumes, papillae arranged in horizontal rows on the lemmas, dumb-bell shaped silica bodies, and a change from hermaphrodite to unisexual florets.

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