scholarly journals Hybridization of Oxalis corniculata and O. dillenii in their non-native range

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Quentin Groom ◽  
Sofie Meeus ◽  
Steven B. Janssens ◽  
Leen Leus ◽  
Ivan Hoste
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Independent Evolution

Many species have been introduced beyond their native ranges and many have become global weeds. Human mediated dispersal has removed the geographic isolation of these species, reversing millions of years of independent evolution. Examples are the Oxalis species in section Corniculatae where several species have become invasive. Here we characterize and formally describe a hybrid between O. dillenii and O. corniculata, which occurs spontaneously in Belgium and Japan. Oxalis corniculata is probably native to Japan, but both species are alien to Belgium and O. dillenii is native to North America. We formally name this hybrid as Oxalis × vanaelstii. Although this hybrid is sterile, it is nevertheless vigorous and perennial. Both parent species grow as weeds in gardens; therefore, it is likely to be more common than currently appreciated in countries where these species co-occur.

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

scholarly journals Crop domestication facilitated rapid geographical expansion of a specialist pollinator, the squash bee Peponapis pruinosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20160443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita M. López-Uribe ◽  
James H. Cane ◽  
Robert L. Minckley ◽  
Bryan N. Danforth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Crop Domestication ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Colonization Routes ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Founder Events ◽  
Peponapis Pruinosa

Squash was first domesticated in Mexico and is now found throughout North America (NA) along with Peponapis pruinosa , a pollen specialist bee species of the squash genus Cucurbita . The origin and spread of squash cultivation is well-studied archaeologically and phylogenetically; however, no study has documented how cultivation of this or any other crop has influenced species in mutualistic interactions. We used molecular markers to reconstruct the demographic range expansion and colonization routes of P. pruinosa from its native range into temperate NA. Populations east of the Rocky Mountains expanded from the wild host plant's range in Mexico and were established by a series of founder events. Eastern North America was most likely colonized from squash bee populations in the present-day continental Midwest USA and not from routes that followed the Gulf and Atlantic coasts from Mexico. Populations of P. pruinosa west of the Rockies spread north from the warm deserts much more recently, showing two genetically differentiated populations with no admixture: one in California and the other one in eastern Great Basin. These bees have repeatedly endured severe bottlenecks as they colonized NA, following human spread of their Cucurbita pollen hosts during the Holocene.

scholarly journals Identification of Resistance to the Large Raspberry Aphid in Black Raspberry

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dossett ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Black Raspberries ◽  
Rubus Occidentalis ◽  
Amphorophora Agathonica

The large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora agathonica Hottes) is an important vector of viruses in Rubus L. across North America. Although breeding for aphid resistance has long been recognized as an important tool for protecting red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) from viral infection, this is the first report of resistance to A. agathonica in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.). Seedlings from 132 wild populations of black raspberries, representing the species' native range, were screened for resistance to A. agathonica. Strong resistance was found in three of these populations, one from Ontario (ORUS 3778), one from Maine (ORUS 3817), and one from Michigan (ORUS 4109). Resistance to the large raspberry aphid in ORUS 3778 and ORUS 3817 is dominant and appears to be conferred by different genes. We propose that the genes for resistance in ORUS 3778 and ORUS 3817 be designated Ag4 and Ag5, respectively. Resistance to A. agathonica in ORUS 4109 also appears to be controlled by a dominant allele at a single locus, but cannot be differentiated from Ag4 at this time.

scholarly journals Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Native Range

Abstract Trachypogon spicatus is a perennial grass with a large native distribution range extending from North America to South America, and across tropical and subtropical Africa. This species is weedy within its native range and is considered a weed of plantations in Tanzania and a weed of pastures across Africa. Despite being included in a list of invasive plant species in Cuba, no information is provided regarding its impact, and another source records T. spicatus as native to Cuba.

scholarly journals Introduced bees ( Osmia cornifrons ) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Vaudo ◽  
David J. Biddinger ◽  
Wiebke Sickel ◽  
Alexander Keller ◽  
Margarita M. López-Uribe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Host Plant Species

Studying the pollen preferences of introduced bees allows us to investigate how species use host-plants when establishing in new environments. Osmia cornifrons is a solitary bee introduced into North America from East Asia for pollination of Rosaceae crops such as apples and cherries. We investigated whether O. cornifrons (i) more frequently collected pollen from host-plant species they coevolved with from their geographic origin, or (ii) prefer host-plant species of specific plant taxa independent of origin. To address this question, using pollen metabarcoding, we examined the identity and relative abundance of pollen in larval provisions from nests located in different landscapes with varying abundance of East-Asian and non-Asian plant species. Our results show that O. cornifrons collected more pollen from plant species from their native range. Plants in the family Rosaceae were their most preferred pollen hosts, but they differentially collected species native to East Asia, Europe, or North America depending on the landscape. Our results suggest that while O. cornifrons frequently collect pollen of East-Asian origin, the collection of pollen from novel species within their phylogenetic familial affinities is common and can facilitate pollinator establishment. This phylogenetic preference highlights the effectiveness of O. cornifrons as crop pollinators of a variety of Rosaceae crops from different geographic origins. Our results imply that globalization of non-native plant species may ease the naturalization of their coevolved pollinators outside of their native range.

Thekopsora areolata (cherry spruce rust).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract T. areolata is a heteroecious rust fungus; an obligate parasite with stages of its life cycle on cones of Picea species and leaves of Prunus spp. Reported from Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native or introduced, and Australia and New Zealand, where such species are introduced. Although usually not a major problem in its native range, this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected cones carrying aeciospores. The one known introduction to North America involved a tree of Prunus sp. in a garden, from which there was no documented spread.

scholarly journals The unreliable concept of native range as applied to the distribution of the rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) in North America

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Cornel Guiaşu ◽  
Mark Labib
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Rusty Crayfish ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Native And Introduced Ranges

AbstractThe concept of native range in invasion biology is difficult to define since, in many cases, this type of range is unknown and cannot be determined. We investigate the uncertainties related to this concept by focusing on the distribution of Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852), also known as the rusty crayfish, which is perceived as possibly the worst invasive crayfish species in North America. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive literature review, which includes 430 studies published between 1852 and 2018, in order to analyze the native and introduced ranges of this species. The rusty crayfish was reported to occur in 33 states in the U.S.A. and 3 Canadian Provinces. Ten of these U.S. states and one Canadian Province have been included multiple times in both the native and the non-native ranges of this crayfish. The confusion regarding the limits and history of the native range of the rusty crayfish has implications for the conservation of this species in various jurisdictions. This review also demonstrates that even for intensely studied species perceived as invasive, we often do not have a clear understanding of essential concepts such as native and non-native range.

scholarly journals Footprints and Ootheca of Lycorma delicatula Influence Host-Searching and -Acceptance of the Egg-Parasitoid Anastatus orientalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Malek ◽  
Joe M Kaser ◽  
Hannah J Broadley ◽  
Juli Gould ◽  
Marco Ciolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Phloem Feeder ◽  
Berks County ◽  
Arrestment Response

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula White (1845) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is an invasive insect that was first reported in North America in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 2014. It is a polyphagous phloem feeder that attacks over 70 plant species, threatening the agricultural, lumber, and ornamental industries of North America. Infestations of the pest have been reported in several U.S. counties, and a lack of endemic predators and parasitoids feeding on L. delicatula suggests a release from natural enemies in the invaded range. An egg-parasitoid Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) was reported attacking L. delicatula at high rates in its native range and may play a key role in reducing its populations there. To better understand the foraging behavior of A. orientalis, a series of behavioral experiments were conducted to determine successful parasitism and behavioral responses to traces left by adult L. delicatula and to the oothecae which cover their eggs. Our results suggest that wasps detected chemical traces left by L. delicatula adults while walking on surfaces and exhibited a strong arrestment response. Moreover, wasps preferred to oviposit in egg masses with intact oothecae. The implications of these findings are herein discussed with regard to the exploitation of host kairomones by foraging wasps, as well as to its ability to overcome host structural defenses.

scholarly journals Biology, Ecology, and Management of Eastern Grape Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a Key Pest of Vineyards in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Jarrell ◽  
Eric J Rebek ◽  
Astri C Wayadande ◽  
Kristopher L Giles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Grape Leafhopper

Abstract Eastern grape leafhopper, Erythroneura comes (Say), is a key pest of grapes (Vitales: Vitaceae) in the central and northeastern United States and eastern Canada. This native insect uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to puncture the mesophyll cells of leaves and suck out the contents, thereby reducing the quality and quantity of fruit. Eastern grape leafhopper has been reported as a vineyard pest for nearly 200 yr and is one of several Erythroneura spp. that feed on grapes in North America. Overwintered adults become active in early spring and may feed on grasses, weeds, and other plants before feeding on grapevines. Although eastern grape leafhopper has an extensive host range, it is only known to oviposit on wild and cultivated grapes. This multivoltine species can outbreak periodically, which has generated much research into improved monitoring and integrated pest management strategies employed throughout its native range. In this review, we describe the biology, life history, population dynamics, and phenology of eastern grape leafhopper and provide a historical account of monitoring and management strategies for this important vineyard pest.

Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Recognized Series in Iris Section Limniris

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The Core ◽  
The One ◽  
Inference Methods

Phylogenetic relationships among the 16 series within Iris section Limniris were reconstructed based on chloroplast sequence data using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Section Limniris is polyphyletic as currently delineated because series Spuriae, Foetidissimae, Syriacae, Longipetalae, Vernae, Unguiculares, and some elements of Tenuifoliae are placed outside of the core group of Limniris species. The most inclusive monophyletic clade of Limniris species includes the series Californicae, Sibiricae, Laevigatae, Tripetalae, Prismaticae, Ensatae, Ruthenicae, Hexagonae, and Chinenses, and I. songarica. Within the core Limniris clade series Sibiricae, Tripetalae, and Chinenses are polyphyletic whereas Laevigatae is paraphyletic. With one exception, species within the core Limniris group are distributed in either Asia or North America, with a few Asian species extending into Europe and for the most widespread species, Iris pseudacorus (series Laevigatae), into northern Africa with naturalized populations in North America. The one exception is I. setosa with a native range that includes both eastern Asia and North America.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document