Association between secondhand smoke exposure and new-onset hypertension in self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine

Background/Aims: There is no study assessing the effect of changes of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and new-onset hypertension. We investigated the effect of a change of SHS exposure status on new-onset hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers.Methods: Out of individuals enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between 2011 and 2016, 87,486 self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers without hypertension at baseline visit were included with a median follow-up of 36 months. Individuals were divided into four groups on the basis of their SHS exposure status at baseline and at follow-up: no, new, former, and sustained SHS exposure groups.Results: The incidence rates per 10,000 person-year of new-onset hypertension in no, new, former, and sustained SHS exposure groups were 84.7, 113.3, 102.0, and 123.7, respectively (p < 0.001). A multivariable Cox-hazard analyses showed that new and sustained SHS exposure groups increased their hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset hypertension compared to no SHS exposure group (HR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.60 for new SHS exposure group; and HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.45 for sustained SHS exposure group). However, being part of the former SHS exposure group did not increase the risk of new-onset hypertension (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.03).Conclusions: This study showed that either new, or sustained SHS exposure, but not former SHS exposure, increased the risk for new-onset hypertension in self-reported never smokers verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine. These findings show the possibility that changing exposure to SHS even for a relatively short period can modify the risk of new-onset hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers.

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Association between secondhand smoke exposure and new-onset hypertension in 65169 self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

B.J Kim ◽

D.C Seo ◽

B.S Kim

Keyword(s):

Group Iv ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

Group Ii ◽

Never Smokers ◽

The Relationship ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background No study has reported the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and new-onset hypertension (NOHT) in self-reported never-smokers verified by cotinine. Purpose This longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate whether the change of SHS exposure status at baseline and at follow-up affects NOHT in self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers. Methods Out of individuals enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort study (KSCS) between 2012 and 2016, 65,169 self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers without hypertension at baseline visit (20,046 men; age 36±5.7 years) were included. The mean follow-up period in this study was 32 months (6–58 months). SHS exposure was defined as having experienced passive smoking indoors at home or the workplace. Individuals were divided into 4 groups on the basis of their SHS exposure status at baseline and at follow-up: no SHS exposure group (Group I) as individuals without SHS exposure both at baseline and at follow-up; new SHS exposure group (Group II) as those without SHS exposure at baseline and with SHS exposure at follow-up; ex-SHS exposure group (Group III) as those with SHS exposure at baseline and without SHS exposure at follow-up; continuous SHS exposure group (Group IV) as those with SHS exposure both at baseline and at follow-up. New-onset hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or current use of antihypertensive medication(s) at follow-up. Results The incidence of NOHT in the overall population was 2.5%; the incidence in group I, II, III, and IV was 2.3%, 3.2%, 2.9%, and 3.1%, respectively (p<0.001). The results in a multivariate Cox-hazard model adjusted for the baseline variables including age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, vigorous exercise, alcohol consumption and presence of diabetes showed that Group II and IV increased relative risks (RRs) for NOHT compared to Group I (RR[95% CI], 1.44 [1.17, 1.77] for Group II and 1.21 [1.01, 1.45] for Group IV) However, Group III did not increase the risk of NOHT (0.95 [0.83, 1.08]). In another model adjusted for the variables in the above model and creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and high-sensitivity C reactive protein showed that only Group II increased the risk for NOHT (1.43 [1.16, 1.77] in Group II, 0.94 [0.82, 1.07] in Group III, 1.18 [0.98, 1.41] in Group IV). Conclusions This study showed that the new and continuous SHS exposure, but not ex-SHS exposure, increased the risk for NOHT in self-reported never-smokers verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine. In particular, the relationship to increased risk for NOHT was more obvious in individuals with new SHS exposure than in those with continuous SHS exposure. These findings suggest that it is important to continuously minimize SHS exposure and prohibit smoking at home and at workplace to reduce the risk of developing hypertension. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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P4390Sex-specific association between secondhand smoke exposure and metabolic syndrome in 118,609 Korean never-smokers verified by both self-reported questionnaire and cotinine

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0795 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

B J Kim ◽

J H Kim ◽

B S Kim ◽

J H Kang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Health Study ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

Urinary Cotinine ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

Males And Females ◽

Specific Association ◽

Never Smokers ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background No study has reported the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in self-reported never-smokers verified by nicotine metabolite. Purpose The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between SHS exposure and MetS in self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers. Methods A total of 118,609 self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers (38,385 men; age 34.8±7.1 years) who participated in Kangbuk Samsung Health Study (KSHS) and Kangbuk Samsung Cohort study (KSCS) between 2011 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified never-smoker was defined as individuals having urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as having experienced passive smoking indoors at home or the workplace. Results The prevalence of SHS exposure in the overall population was 22.6%, with rates of 27.4% for males and 20.3% for females (p<0.001). The overall prevalence of MetS was 6.8%; the prevalence in males was higher than that in females (10.7% versus 4.9%, p<0.001). In both males and females, the prevalence of MetS in group with SHS exposure was higher than that in group without SHS exposure (11.3% versus 10.4%, p=0.010 for males; 5.8% versus 4.6%, p<0.001 for females). However, there was significant gender interaction for the relationships between SHS exposure and MetS (p for interaction=0.010). A multivariate regression model was adjusted for the baseline variables including age, body mass index, frequency of alcohol drinking and vigorous exercise, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and hsCRP. The results showed that SHS exposure only in females was associated with MetS (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.17 [1.06, 1.29] for females; 1.02 [0.94, 1.11] for males). In particular, females with SHS exposure of ≥1 hours/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years increased the prevalence of MetS compared to those without SHS exposure (1.21 [1.02, 1.45], 1.30 [1.14, 1.49], and 1.12 [0.99, 1.28], respectively. Conclusions This study showed that the SHS exposure in females was significantly associated with MetS in self-reported never-smokers with low urinary cotinine levels (<50 ng/mL), suggesting that more active anti-smoking programs in the home and public are needed to reduce the risk of MetS.

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4947Association between secondhand smoke exposure and diabetes mellitus in 131,724 Korean never smokers using self-reported questionnaire and cotinine: gender differences

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

B J Kim ◽

J H Kim ◽

D C Seo ◽

B S Kim ◽

J H Kang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Health Study ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

Urinary Cotinine ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

Never Smokers ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background No study has reported the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diabetes mellitus in self-reported never-smokers verified by nicotine metabolite. Purpose The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between SHS exposure and diabetes mellitus in self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers. Methods A total of 131,724 self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers (42,681 men; age 35.0±7.1 years) enrolled in Kangbuk Samsung Health Study (KSHS) and Kangbuk Samsung Cohort study (KSCS) between 2011 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified never-smoker was defined as individuals having urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as having experienced passive smoking indoors at home or the workplace. Diabetes mellitus was defined as having a fasting blood glucose level of ≥7.0mmol/L, hemoglobin A1C ≥6.5% or taking anti-diabetic medication(s). Results The frequency of diabetes mellitus in the overall population was 1.6%; the frequency in males was higher than that in females (2.2% versus 1.3%, p<0.001). The overall frequency of SHS exposure was 22.9%, with rates of 27.6% for males and 20.7% for females (p<0.001). The frequency of diabetes mellitus in group with SHS exposure was higher than that in group without SHS exposure only in females (1.8% versus 1.2%, p<0.001 for females; 2.2% versus 2.2%, p=0.956 for males). There was significant gender interaction for the relationships between SHS exposure and diabetes mellitus (p for interaction <0.001). A multivariate regression model was adjusted for the baseline variables including age, waist circumference, body mass index, frequency of alcohol drinking and vigorous exercise, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and hsCRP. Only in females, SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.40 [1.20, 1.65] for females; 1.00 [0.85, 1.19] for males). Higher frequency and longer duration of SHS exposure were also significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (p<0.001) for all trends). In particular, females with SHS exposure of ≥1 hours/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years increased the risk of diabetes mellitus 51–64% above that for those without SHS exposure (1.64 [1.25, 2.13], 1.51 [1.21, 1.87], and 1.59 [1.30, 1.95], respectively. Conclusions This study showed that the SHS exposure in females was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus in self-reported never-smokers verified by urinary cotinine and this association was proportional to the frequency and duration of SHS exposure. These findings suggest the importance of banning smoking in the home and public to reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus. Acknowledgement/Funding None

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Self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking and increased risk of incident hearing loss

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87531-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Woncheol Lee ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

Hocheol Shin ◽

Seungho Ryu

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Self Report ◽

Urinary Cotinine ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Former Smokers ◽

Never Smokers ◽

Time Varying Covariates ◽

New Onset

AbstractWe examined the associations of smoking status and urinary cotinine levels, an objective measure of smoking, with the development of new-onset HL. This cohort study was performed in 293,991 Korean adults free of HL who underwent a comprehensive screening examination and were followed for up to 8.8 years. HL was defined as a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz ≥ 25 dB in both ears. During a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 2286 participants developed new-onset bilateral HL. Self-reported smoking status was associated with an increased risk of new-onset bilateral HL. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident HL comparing former smokers and current smokers to never-smokers were 1.14 (1.004–1.30) and 1.40 (1.21–1.61), respectively. Number of cigarettes, pack-years, and urinary cotinine levels were consistently associated with incident HL. These associations were similarly observed when introducing changes in smoking status, urinary cotinine, and other confounders during follow-up as time-varying covariates. In this large cohort of young and middle-aged men and women, smoking status based on both self-report and urinary cotinine level were independently associated with an increased incidence of bilateral HL. Our findings indicate smoking is an independent risk factor for HL.

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Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Noise Exposure on Tinnitus Occurrence in College Students and Adolescents

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa19032 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Laurel Elise Money ◽

Ishara Ramkissoon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

College Students ◽

Young Adults ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Chi Square ◽

Main Effect ◽

Shs Exposure

Background: Recent research indicated that young adults and adolescents reported tinnitus in highernumbers than previously. Thus, it is important to fully investigate risk factors for tinnitus in adolescentsand young adults. Purpose: The current study examined the influence of two environmental risk factors, secondhandsmoke (SHS) exposure and noise exposure on tinnitus occurrence as self-reported by U.S. adolescentsand young adults. Research Design: A nonexperimental, cross-sectional design was used for this survey study. Study Sample: Of 265 surveys received, 43 were excluded due to ineligibility. The remaining 222 surveysconstituted the study sample. Participant respondents included 80 high school students (ages14–17) and 142 college students (ages 18–30). The sample was primarily female (n = 160). Data Collection and Analysis: Three (3) yes/no survey questions regarding SHS exposure, noise exposure,and tinnitus occurrence were analyzed. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, chisquarefollow-up tests, and Pearson bivariate correlation analysis. Results: Results revealed that 40 percent of young adults and adolescents surveyed reported that they experiencedtinnitus. Regression analysis revealed significant main effects for noise (p = 0.004), gender (p =0.017), and the interaction of SHS and noise (p = 0.001). There was no main effect of SHS exposurenor age on tinnitus occurrence. Follow-up chi-square analysis conducted to probe the gender effectrevealed that females (45.1 percent) were more likely to experience tinnitus than males (27.7 percent). Chi-squaretesting to examine the significant interaction effect revealed statistical significance (p = 0.001) for individualswith reported noise exposure but not for individuals without noise exposure. In the noise-exposedgroup, individuals who also reported SHS exposure had a lower occurrence of tinnitus (23.6 percent). In contrast,the noise-exposed individuals without SHS exposure had a higher prevalence of tinnitus (57.9 percent).An additional chi-square follow-up analysis to examine the main effect of noise revealed no significance(p = 0.199). However, there was a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation (r = –0.244) of noise exposurewith age. Conclusion: The current study results suggest there is a higher than expected report of tinnitus incidencein adolescents and young adults. The relationship between tinnitus occurrence and a combinedexposure to noise and secondhand smoke revealed a unique effect in adolescents and young adults.

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The association between carotid intima-media thickness and new-onset hypertension in a Chinese community-based population

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-019-1266-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Long Zhang ◽

Fangfang Fan ◽

Litong Qi ◽

Jia Jia ◽

Ying Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Strong Association ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Community Based ◽

Media Thickness ◽

The Mean ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background Hypertension and arterial vasculopathy may be mutual causes and effects. It is unknown whether carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is reliably predictive of the presence of newly developed hypertension in the Chinese population. This study evaluated the impacts of cIMT on new-onset hypertension in a community-based population without hypertension at baseline in China. Methods A total of 672 Chinese subjects who had complete data for demographics, baseline and follow-up blood pressure measurements, and cIMT measurements at baseline were included in our study. Baseline cIMT was obtained under standardized procedures using the GE Vivid 7 ultrasound system equipped with an 8-MHz linear array vascular probe (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wl, USA). The outcome was the incidence of hypertension at follow-up. Multivariate regression models were used to access the association between baseline cIMT and the risk of new-onset hypertension. Results Subjects were 51.5 ± 4.7 years old, and 32.0% were male. The mean baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 122.5 ± 10.0 mmHg. The mean baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 72.4 ± 7.5 mmHg. The number of subjects with thickened cIMT (maximum ≥0.9 mm) at baseline was 198 (29.5%). After 2.3 years of follow-up, the rate of new-onset hypertension was 12.6%. The incidence rates of hypertension in the groups with thickened cIMT and normal cIMT were 19.2 and 9.9%, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, both the average (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.30–2.19, P = 0.0001) and maximum (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.23–1.95, P = 0.0002) cIMT were significantly associated with new-onset hypertension after adjustment for various confounders. The group with thickened cIMT showed a higher risk for the incidence of hypertension, with an OR of 1.82 (95% CI: 1.07–3.10, P = 0.0270), compared to the normal group. Conclusion Thickened cIMT has a strong association with incident hypertension risk in a community-based population without hypertension at baseline in China.

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Changes in secondhand smoke exposure levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in middle age: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000859 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000859 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jooeun Jeon ◽

Keum Ji Jung ◽

Heejin Kimm ◽

Sun Ha Jee

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Middle Age ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Epidemiology Study ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

Incident Cases

ObjectivesSecondhand smoke (SHS) was known as one of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes. So far, some studies revealed the association of SHS exposure and type 2 diabetes, however, no studies to show the relationship of cumulative SHS exposure with type 2 diabetes exist. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify subgroups of participants who share similar trajectories in SHS exposure levels in middle age by using latent class growth modeling, and determine the independent association of these SHS exposure level trajectories with risk of incident type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2001–2014), 2079 participants aged 40 years and above who received biennially health check-up to follow-up and with available information of SHS exposure were selected. Four distinct trajectory groups (low-stable, moderate to low, moderate, and high to low) were identified for SHS exposure levels using trajectory modeling methods. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association of trajectories with risk of type 2 diabetes.ResultsDuring 24 083.3 person-years of follow-up (mean follow-up duration, 11.6 years), 200 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and 640 incident cases of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were identified. In multivariable Cox model, ‘High to low’ trajectory was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.8) compared with ‘Low-stable’. For IFG, all trajectories had significantly 30%–30% higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared with the ‘Low-stable’ trajectory.ConclusionsChanges in SHS exposure levels have been shown to associate with subsequent type 2 diabetes risk. Reversing high exposure level of SHS in middle-aged adulthood may still lead to worse progressions of type 2 diabetes than remaining stable exposure level.

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Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with current depression (PHQ-8) among never-smokers? Results from a survey among German adults

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09970-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fabian Erdsiek ◽

Patrick Brzoska

Keyword(s):

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

German Health ◽

Potential Association ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Patient Health ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

Interaction Term ◽

Never Smokers ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Background Findings on the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and depression are contradictory. Comparability of existing research is limited due to varied methods and measures. This study examines the potential association between exposure to SHS and depression and a potential moderation by sex using representative data from Germany. Methods For our study, we used data from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2014/2015 on n = 10,274 never-smokers. We calculated a logistic regression model with an interaction term for potential sex-exposure interactions. We used the self-reported duration of exposure to predict current depression of any type as defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-8 (score ≥ 10), accounting for a large number of confounders. Results In our sample, prevalence of depression was 8.8% in women and 5.3% in men. 90.4% were never or almost never exposed to SHS, while 7.1% were exposed < 1 h per day and around 2.5% reported being exposed for ≥1 h per day. While SHS exposure for < 1 h per day was not associated with current depression (OR = 1.54; 95%-CI: 0.93–1.61), SHS exposure for at least 1 h per day was associated with increased odds for current depression (OR = 1.59; 95%-CI: 1.08–2.35). No sex-specific differences were found. Conclusions Higher levels of SHS exposure are associated with current depression, although the nature and direction of the association are still unclear. We identified no differences in the association between men and women. More studies, particularly using longitudinal data, are needed to determine the nature of the association.

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Active smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and serum cotinine levels among Cheyenne River Sioux communities in context of a Tribal Public Health Policy

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055056 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055056

Author(s):

Elena R. O'Donald ◽

Curtis P. Miller ◽

Rae O'Leary ◽

Jennifer Ong ◽

Bernadette Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

American Indians ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Statistical Modelling ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Health Study ◽

Serum Cotinine ◽

Free Air ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

Cheyenne River

IntroductionAmerican Indians and Alaska Natives face disproportionately high rates of smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. The Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe (CRST) is among the few Tribal Nations controlling commercial tobacco exposures in public and work places. We had an opportunity to explore effects of the new commercial tobacco-free policy (implemented in 2015) in an environmental health study (2014–2016) that collected information about commercial tobacco use and SHS prevalence and examined predictor variables of serum cotinine concentrations.MethodsSelf-reported survey data were used in quantile regression statistical modelling to explore changes in cotinine levels, based on smoking status, smokeless tobacco consumption and SHS exposure.ResultsFrom enrolled 225 adults, 51% (N=114) were current smokers. Among 88 non-tobacco users, 35 (40%) reported current SHS exposure. Significant differences in cotinine median concentrations were found among participants with and without current SHS exposure. Extremely high cotinine concentrations (~100 times larger than the median) were detected in some non-tobacco users. After implementing the new smoke-free air Tribal policy, cotinine decreased in participants with intermediate (3–15 ng/mL, non-tobacco users with SHS exposure) and high (>15 ng/mL, mainly tobacco users) cotinine levels showing association with an abatement of opportunities for SHS exposure. Significant predictors of cotinine levels were sampling year, current smoking and tobacco chewing. No gender differences were observed in cotinine.ConclusionsOur results show decrease in cotinine concentrations in CRST participants since implementation of their ‘Smoke-Free Clean Air Act’ in 2015.

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Secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing kidney stone disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97254-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chien-Heng Chen ◽

Jia-In Lee ◽

Jhen-Hao Jhan ◽

Yung-Chin Lee ◽

Jiun-Hung Geng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Kidney Stone Disease ◽

History Of ◽

Developing Kidney ◽

Never Smokers

AbstractResearch indicates smoking increases the risk of various kidney diseases, although the risk of developing kidney stone disease in non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke is unknown. This study analyzed a total of 19,430 never-smokers with no history of kidney stone disease who participated in the Taiwan Biobank from 2008 to 2019. They were divided into two groups by secondhand smoke exposure; no exposure and exposure groups; the mean age of participants was 51 years, and 81% were women. Incident kidney stone development was observed in 352 (2.0%) and 50 (3.3%) participants in the no exposure and exposure groups during a mean follow-up of 47 months. The odds ratio (OR) of incident kidney stone was significantly higher in the exposure group than the no exposure group [OR, 1.64; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.21 to 2.23]. Participants with > 1.2 h per week exposure were associated with almost twofold risk of developing kidney stones compared with no exposure (OR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.86). Our study suggests that secondhand smoke is a risk factor for development of kidney stones and supports the need for a prospective evaluation of this finding.

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