scholarly journals Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with current depression (PHQ-8) among never-smokers? Results from a survey among German adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Erdsiek ◽  
Patrick Brzoska
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
German Health ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Background Findings on the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and depression are contradictory. Comparability of existing research is limited due to varied methods and measures. This study examines the potential association between exposure to SHS and depression and a potential moderation by sex using representative data from Germany. Methods For our study, we used data from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2014/2015 on n = 10,274 never-smokers. We calculated a logistic regression model with an interaction term for potential sex-exposure interactions. We used the self-reported duration of exposure to predict current depression of any type as defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-8 (score ≥ 10), accounting for a large number of confounders. Results In our sample, prevalence of depression was 8.8% in women and 5.3% in men. 90.4% were never or almost never exposed to SHS, while 7.1% were exposed < 1 h per day and around 2.5% reported being exposed for ≥1 h per day. While SHS exposure for < 1 h per day was not associated with current depression (OR = 1.54; 95%-CI: 0.93–1.61), SHS exposure for at least 1 h per day was associated with increased odds for current depression (OR = 1.59; 95%-CI: 1.08–2.35). No sex-specific differences were found. Conclusions Higher levels of SHS exposure are associated with current depression, although the nature and direction of the association are still unclear. We identified no differences in the association between men and women. More studies, particularly using longitudinal data, are needed to determine the nature of the association.

Cancer of the Lung, Larynx, and Pleura

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Malhotra ◽  
Paolo Boffetta ◽  
Lorelei Mucci
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Cancer Of The Lung

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in most countries, and is the primary cause of cancer death in men and women. Its epidemic increase in incidence began in the first half of the twentieth century, paralleling the uptake of cigarette smoking that occurred 20 years before. A series of landmark studies beginning in 1950 established tobacco as the primary cause of lung cancer. Current smokers have a 10- to 20-fold higher lung cancer risk compared to never smokers. Important for prevention, former smokers substantially reduce this excess risk 5 years after smoking cessation. Exposure to secondhand smoke, a well-established risk factor for lung cancer, has a 20%–25% higher risk for those exposed. There are several occupational exposures associated with lung cancer, including asbestos. Despite the success in defining lung cancer’s etiology, this highly preventable disease remains among the most common and most lethal cancers globally.

scholarly journals Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Inconsistency between Self-Response and Urine Cotinine Biomarker Based on Korean National Data during 2009–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9284
Author(s):  
Boram Sim ◽  
Myung-Bae Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Urine Cotinine ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

This study aimed to estimate the secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure using urinary cotinine (UCo) to prove that the SHS exposure could not be properly assessed by self-reporting (SR). In total, 28,574 nonsmokers aged >19 years were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2009–2018). First, changes in the annual concentration of UCo were analyzed, and the annual SHS exposure rates were measured based on SR and UCo from 2009 to 2018. Then, the average UCo concentration and UCo-measured SHS exposure rate were confirmed according to the subjects’ characteristics. Finally, factors associated with the UCo-measured SHS exposure rate were identified based on multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that the annual UCo concentrations and self-reported SHS exposure rates dropped significantly over the past decade. In contrast, the UCo-measured SHS exposure rate indicated that >80% of nonsmokers are still exposed to SHS. Moreover, we found vulnerable groups using UCo-measured SHS exposure rate. In particular, the self-reported SHS exposure at home and in workplaces and house type was highly associated with SHS exposure. Thus, these findings indicate that the actual SHS exposure could not be properly assessed by SR and should be verified using a biomarker, such as UCo. Considering that even a short-term exposure can be harmful to health, the goal of the policy should be to keep cotinine concentration as low as possible.

scholarly journals Estimation of lifetime cumulative mortality risk of lung cancer by smoking status in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224
Author(s):  
Megumi Hori ◽  
Eiko Saito ◽  
Kota Katanoda ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate the cumulative mortality risk for lung cancer according to smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Japan. We applied a life-table method to estimate the cumulative risk. Estimated lifetime cumulative risk for 20-year-old non-smokers, former, and current smokers was 3.2%, 7.6%, and 14.9% for men and 1.9%, 5.6%, and 7.2% for women, respectively. For males, the estimated risk was 3.2% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 4.1% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. For females, the estimated risk was 1.9% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 2.4% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. Lifetime cumulative mortality risk differed greatly according to smoking status. Moreover, SHS exposure resulted in observable differences in lifetime mortality risk. This study may be useful for the development of tailored prevention programs.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Non-Smokers’ Exposure Using Indirect Smoking Indicators and Time Activity Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9099
Author(s):  
Byung Lyul Woo ◽  
Min Kyung Lim ◽  
Eun Young Park ◽  
Jinhyeon Park ◽  
Hyeonsu Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Since the global enforcement of smoke-free policies, indoor smoking has decreased significantly, and the characteristics of non-smokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has changed. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal and spatial characteristics of SHS exposure in non-smokers by combining questionnaires and biomarkers with time activity patterns. To assess SHS exposure, biomarkers such as cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-3-(pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine and nicotine in hair were collected from 100 non-smokers in Seoul. Questionnaires about SHS exposure and time activity patterns were also obtained from the participants. The analysis of biomarker samples indicated that about 10% of participants were exposed to SHS when compared with the criteria from previous studies. However, 97% of the participants reported that they were exposed to SHS at least once weekly. The participants were most exposed to SHS in the outdoor microenvironment, where they spent approximately 1.2 h daily. There was a significant correlation between the participants’ time spent outdoors and self-reported SHS exposure time (r2 = 0.935). In this study, a methodology using time activity patterns to assess temporal and spatial characteristics of SHS exposure was suggested. The results of this study may help develop policies for managing SHS exposure, considering the time activity patterns.

Abstract 15034: Exposure to Secondhand Smoke is Associated With Increased Left Ventricular Mass

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis M Skipina ◽  
Bharathi Upadhya ◽  
Elsayed Z Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
P Value ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), or passive smoking, has been associated with chronic hypertension. However, little is known about the relationship between SHS and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, the most common complication of hypertension and a manifestation of cardiac end-organ damage. Hypothesis: SHS exposure is independently associated with LV mass. Methods: This analysis included 4,982 non-smoker participants (age 60.8±13.6 years, 57.8% women, 77.7% whites) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES-III). Non-smoking was defined by self-report and serum cotinine ≤ 10 ng/dL, a biomarker for tobacco exposure. SHS was defined as serum cotinine level >1 ng/dL. LV mass was estimated using an electrocardiographic model developed and applied in NHANES-III then validated in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the cross-sectional association between SHS exposure (vs. no exposure) with estimated LV mass. In similar models, we also examined the associations of LV mass across quartiles of serum cotinine (reference group, 1 st quartile) and in subgroups stratified by race, sex, and hypertension status. Results: About 9.8% (n=489) of the participants were exposed to SHS. Exposure to SHS was associated with an estimated 2.9 gram increase in LV mass, with a dose-response relationship between higher serum cotinine and LV mass ( Table ). These results were consistent in men and women (interaction p-value= 0.31), whites and non-whites (interaction p-value= 0.21), and those with and without hypertension (interaction p-value= 0.88) Conclusion: In a racially diverse sample of non-smokers, SHS is associated with increased LV mass with a dose-response relationship between level of exposure and LV mass. These findings underscore the harmful effect of passive smoking on the cardiovascular system and highlight the need for more restrictions on smoking in public areas.

Biomarker evaluation of Greek adolescents’ exposure to secondhand smoke

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Vardavas ◽  
MN Tzatzarakis ◽  
M. Plada ◽  
AM Tsatsakis ◽  
A. Papadaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Public Places ◽  
School Based ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Biomarker Evaluation ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant threat to public health, and represents a danger for both the development and health status of children and adolescents. Taking the above into account, our aim was to quantify Greek adolescents’ exposure to SHS using serum cotinine levels. During 2006, 341 adolescents aged 13-17 were randomly selected from high schools in Heraklion and agreed to participate as part of the European Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Blood samples were drawn from a random sample of 106 adolescents, while serum cotinine/nicotine concentrations were measured by Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean levels of serum cotinine and nicotine were calculated at 1.60 ± 2.18 ng/mL and 4.48 ± 4.00 ng/mL, respectively, while 97.7% of the non-smoker adolescents were found to have measureable levels of serum cotinine indicating exposure to SHS. The analysis revealed that their paternal (p = .001) and maternal smoking habits (p = .018) as also the existence of a younger brother or sister (p = .008) were the main modifiers of SHS exposure during adolescence. Conclusively, almost all of the measured Greek adolescents were exposed to SHS, even when their parents were non-smokers. This finding indicates the need for both community and school-based educational programmes as also the implementation of a comprehensive ban on smoking in public places.

scholarly journals Association of mixed use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and exposure to secondhand smoke with prediabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hoon Kim ◽  
Minah Park ◽  
Gyu Ri Kim ◽  
Sung-In Jang
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Objective To examine the association of mixed electronic and conventional cigarette use and exposure to secondhand smoke with prediabetes. Methods Data from the 2014–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Prediabetes was defined as an HbA1C of 5.7–6.4%. Participants were categorized according to type of cigarette use and secondhand smoke exposure. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Of the 22,385 participants without diabetes, 6,735 had prediabetes. Mixed cigarette use was associated with a 1.57-fold increase in the odds of prediabetes when compared with never smoking without exposure to secondhand smoke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–1.87), and a 1.27-fold increase when compared with conventional cigarette use only (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09–1.49). Participants who were current non-smokers but mixed users in the past had an increased risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.06–2.23). However, there was no significant association between current non-smoking but only conventional cigarette use in the past and prediabetes. Among never-smokers, exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increased the risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28). Conclusions Mixed use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and exposure to secondhand smoke increased the risk of prediabetes.

Abstract P220: Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and the Risk of Stroke

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M Malek ◽  
Leslie A McClure ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Daniel T Lackland
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide, and is a major public health concern in terms of morbidity, mortality, economic costs, and loss of productivity. While exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, associations of SHS with risk of stroke have been inconsistent. Hypothesis: We investigated the hypotheses that SHS exposure is associated with increased incidence of stroke and stroke subtypes (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke) among non-smokers, including never and former smokers. Methods: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study enrolled a U.S. population sample of 30,239 Caucasian and African-American men and women aged >=45 years in 2003-7 and is following them for stroke outcomes. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) of stroke among non-smokers with SHS exposure using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The cohort, without prevalent smoking, stroke and TIA (n=21,743), included 62% Caucasians and 38% African-Americans, with 55% females. Twenty-three percent reported SHS exposure the year prior to enrollment, and these individuals were more likely to be younger, African-American, male (all p<0.001), and have higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood count (WBC) (p<0.05) compared to those not exposed. SHS exposure was associated with a 31% increased risk of any stroke event after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors (Table 1). The association was seen only in ischemic, but not hemorrhagic stroke. Associations were slightly diminished after adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors, and markedly attenuated to the null after further addition of inflammation markers. Conclusions: SHS exposure was not related to stroke after accounting for inflammation markers. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

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