scholarly journals Rapid Tests for the Diagnosis of Viral Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Hyun Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for viral infections are essential for diagnosis, treatment, and patient isolation. Various rapid nucleic acid tests, rapid antigen tests, and rapid antibody tests have been developed and used to diagnose viral infections. In this paper, the types and characteristics of various rapid viral tests currently used in Korea, test items, and considerations when interpreting rapid test results are described.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Rapid Antibody Results with SARS-CoV-2 PCR in COVID-19 Patients in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Isa Ansori ◽  
Soraya Riefani ◽  
Ira Nurrasyidah
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of clinical disease, better known as COVID-19. The most common method to detect COVID-19 is serological testing of IgM and IgG in response to viral infections using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Several other guidelines consider polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the gold standard for diagnosis becausePCR has high sensitivity and specificity values in detecting SARS-CoV-2.Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study. The samples were taken from medical records of COVID-19 patients in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin from March to October 2020. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software and Chi-Square test were used for data analysis.Results: From 751 COVID-19 patients, 408 patients (54.32%) had rapid antibody with positive PCR, 132 patients (17.57%) had reactive rapid antibody with negative PCR, 152 patients (20.23%) had non-reactive rapid antibody with positive PCR, and 59 patients (7.85%) had non-reactive rapid antibody with negative PCR. The rapid antibody had sensitivity of 72.85% and specificity of 30.89%. From Chi-Square test, reactive rapid antibody was not correlated with PCR positive results; values of p = 0.320, odds ratio (OR) 1.20.Conclusion: The rapid test antibody could not be recommended as a diagnostic tool. In this study, it was also found that there was no relationship between reactive rapid test results and positive SARS-CoV PCR.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hepatitis B, C and HIV infections among transfusion-dependent Beta Thalassemia patients in Dhaka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Sarower Bhuyan ◽  
Aftab Uz Zaman Noor ◽  
Rosy Sultana ◽  
Farjana Akther Noor ◽  
Nusrat Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Elisa Method

AbstractTransfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) have remained a major deterrent to public health, particularly among the patients with transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia in developing countries. Although proper donor selection through adoption of WHO-advised infection panel has lowered the rate of infections, the multi-transfused patients are not free of risk. The present study screened 148 transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia patients to determine the frequency of HCV, HBV and HIV using ELISA method. Among these patients, infected cases with HCV, HBV and HIV were 13.51%, 3.37% and 0%, respectively. Moreover, 2% of the patients had co-infections with both HBV and HCV. The percentage of infections in the patients with frequent transfusion interval (≤30 days) was significantly higher (P<0.0005) than that in the patients with less frequent transfusion intervals (>30 days). Immunochromatography (ICT)-based rapid test kits are usually used to screen and confirm these infections in the blood of the patients. However, ICT-based tests are not sensitive enough to detect the infections. So, a combination of both Nucleic Acid testing (NAT) and serological testing are suggested to significantly reduce the risk of viral infections during blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of two commercial SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-detecting rapid tests at the point of care in community-based testing centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Berger ◽  
Marie Therese Ngo Nsoga ◽  
Francisco Javier Perez-Rodriguez ◽  
Yasmine Abi Aad ◽  
Pascale Sattonnet-Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rapid Tests

AbstractBackgroundAntigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 offer new opportunities for the quick and laboratory-independent identification of infected individuals for control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.MethodsWe performed a prospective, single-center, point of care validation of two antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT) in comparison to RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs.FindingsBetween October 9th and 23rd, 2020, 1064 participants were enrolled. The Panbio™Covid-19 Ag Rapid Test device (Abbott) was validated in 535 participants, with 106 positive Ag-RDT results out of 124 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 85.5% (95% CI: 78.0–91.2). Specificity was 100.0% (95% CI: 99.1–100) in 411 RT-PCR negative individuals. The Standard Q Ag-RDT (SD Biosensor, Roche) was validated in 529 participants, with 170 positive Ag-RDT results out of 191 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 89.0% (95%CI: 83.7–93.1). One false positive result was obtained in 338 RT-PCR negative individuals, yielding a specificity of 99.7% (95%CI: 98.4–100). For individuals presenting with fever 1-5 days post symptom onset, combined Ag-RDT sensitivity was above 95%.InterpretationWe provide an independent validation of two widely available commercial Ag-RDTs, both meeting WHO criteria of ≥80% sensitivity and ≥97% specificity. Although less sensitive than RT-PCR, these assays could be beneficial due to their rapid results, ease of use, and independence from existing laboratory structures. Testing criteria focusing on patients with typical symptoms in their early symptomatic period onset could further increase diagnostic value.FundingFoundation of Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Fondation privée des HUG, Pictet Charitable Foundation.

scholarly journals Are fast test results preferable to high test sensitivity in contact-tracing strategies?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas L. Juul ◽  
Kaare Græsbøll
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Test Parameter ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAcross the world, countries are fighting to reduce the spread of COVID-19. The backbone of the response is a test-trace-isolate strategy, where suspected infected get tested and isolated and possible secondary cases get traced, tested and isolated. Because more accurate tests often take longer to analyze, and the benefits of contact tracing are strengthened by rapid diagnosis, there exists a trade-off in test sensitivity and test waiting time in test-trace-isolate strategies. Here we ask: How many false negatives can be tolerated in a rapid test so that it reduces transmission better than a slower, more accurate test? How does this change with contact tracing efficiency and test waiting time? We find that a rapid, less sensitive test performs best for many test-parameter choices and that this is true even for modest contact tracing efficiency. For COVID-19-like viral parameters, a test with 40% false negatives and immediate result might reduce transmission as well as a test with no false negatives and a 3-day waiting time. Our analysis suggests employing rapid tests to reduce test waiting times as a viable strategy to reduce transmission when testing infrastructure is under stress.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antenatal rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Pravi Moodley ◽  
Benn Sartorius ◽  
Paul K. Drain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Rapid Testing ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Testing Algorithm

Introduction: South African guidelines recommend two rapid tests for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the serial HIV testing algorithm, but the accuracy and compliance to this algorithm is unknown in rural clinics. We evaluated the accuracy of HIV rapid testing and the time to receiving test results among pregnant women in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).Method: We observed the accuracy of rapid HIV testing algorithms for 208 consenting antenatal patients accessing voluntary HIV testing services in nine rural primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in KZN. A PHC-based HIV counsellor obtained finger-prick whole blood from each participant to perform rapid testing using the Advanced Quality™ One Step anti-HIV (1&2) and/or ABON™ HIV 1/2/O Tri-Line HIV test. A research nurse obtained venous blood for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HIV test, which is the gold standard diagnostic test. We recorded the time of receipt of HIV test results for each test.Results: Among 208 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years, 72 women from nine rural PHC clinics were identified as HIV-positive by two rapid tests with an HIV-prevalence of 35% (95% Bayesian credibility intervals [BCI]: 28% – 41%). Of the 208 patients, 135 patients from six clinics were tested with the serial HIV testing algorithm. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for the 135 participants were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93% – 100%) and 99% (CI: 95% – 100%), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were estimated at 98% (CI: 94% – 100%) and 95% (CI: 88% – 99%), respectively. All women received their HIV rapid test results within 20 min of testing. Test stock-out resulted in poor test availability at point-of-care, preventing performance of a second HIV test in three out of nine PHC clinics in rural KZN.Conclusion: Despite the poor compliance with national guidelines for HIV rapid testing services, HIV rapid test results provided to pregnant women in rural PHC clinics in KZN were generally accurate and timely. Test stock-out was shown to be one of the barriers to test availability in rural PHC clinics, resulting in poor compliance with guidelines. We recommend a compulsory confirmation HIV rapid test for all HIV-negative test results obtained from pregnant patients in rural and resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Van Walle ◽  
Katrin Leitmeyer ◽  
Eeva K Broberg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Interval Width ◽  
Point Of Care Tests ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Confidence Interval Width ◽  
Nucleic Acid Tests

Background Reliable testing for SARS-CoV-2 is key for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim We estimate diagnostic accuracy for nucleic acid and antibody tests 5 months into the COVID-19 pandemic, and compare with manufacturer-reported accuracy. Methods We reviewed the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and antibody tests based on 93,757 test results from 151 published studies and 20,205 new test results from 12 countries in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Results Pooling the results and considering only results with 95% confidence interval width ≤ 5%, we found four nucleic acid tests, including one point-of-care test and three antibody tests, with a clinical sensitivity ≥ 95% for at least one target population (hospitalised, mild or asymptomatic, or unknown). Nine nucleic acid tests and 25 antibody tests, 12 of them point-of-care tests, had a clinical specificity of ≥ 98%. Three antibody tests achieved both thresholds. Evidence for nucleic acid point-of-care tests remains scarce at present, and sensitivity varied substantially. Study heterogeneity was low for eight of 14 sensitivity and 68 of 84 specificity results with confidence interval width ≤ 5%, and lower for nucleic acid tests than antibody tests. Manufacturer-reported clinical performance was significantly higher than independently assessed in 11 of 32 and four of 34 cases, respectively, for sensitivity and specificity, indicating a need for improvement in this area. Conclusion Continuous monitoring of clinical performance within more clearly defined target populations is needed.

scholarly journals SISTEM PENDAFTARAN RAPID TEST COVID-19 PADA KLINIK MEDIKA PALANGKA RAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Putu Bagus Adidyana Anugrah Putra
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
System Development ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entity Relationship

During January-April 2020, a number of flights were canceled to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19. Flights were reopened when the government relaxed the PSBB in mid-May 2020. However, aviation activities must comply with health protocols. One of the requirements for traveling by plane is to show a letter of negative PCR test results for COVID-19 or rapid test with non-reactive results. The medical clinical laboratory in registering the rapid test is still manual so that the general public who wants to travel by plane in carrying out a rapid test must be served from registration to completion at the clinic. So that sometimes there is an accumulation of people who want a rapid test. It is necessary to make a registration system for rapid tests in medical clinics using the waterfall method. The stages of system development are business process modeling using Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD), user interface design, and the testing process will be carried out with a blackbox. The system developed can reduce the accumulation of patients in the clinic. From the test results, the system functionality can run well

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Van Walle ◽  
Katrin Leitmeyer ◽  
Eeva K Broberg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Interval Width ◽  
Point Of Care Tests ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Confidence Interval Width ◽  
Nucleic Acid Tests

We reviewed the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, viral antigen and antibody tests based on 94739 test results from 157 published studies and 20205 new test results from 12 EU/EEA Member States. Pooling the results and considering only results with 95% confidence interval width ≤5%, we found 4 nucleic acid tests, among which 1 point of care test, and 3 antibody tests with a clinical sensitivity ≤95% for at least one target population (hospitalised, mild or asymptomatic, or unknown). Analogously, 9 nucleic acid tests and 25 antibody tests, among which 12 point of care tests, had a clinical specificity of ≤98%. Three antibody tests achieved both thresholds. Evidence for nucleic acid and antigen point of care tests remains scarce at present, and sensitivity varied substantially. Study heterogeneity was low for 8/14 (57.1%) sensitivity and 68/84 (81.0%) specificity results with confidence interval width ≤5%, and lower for nucleic acid tests than antibody tests. Manufacturer reported clinical performance was significantly higher than independently assessed in 11/32 (34.4%) and 4/34 (11.8%) cases for sensitivity and specificity respectively, indicating a need for improvement in this area. Continuous monitoring of clinical performance within more clearly defined target populations is needed.

scholarly journals Static pile capacity from the rapid test via the unloading-point method

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Luker
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pile Capacity ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Load Tests

ABSTRACT Laboratory measurements were done of the end-bearing and side-shear stresses on small piles subjected to "static" and rapid load tests. Interpretation, by the unloading-point method, of the results of rapid tests were done to estimate what the behaviour under a static test would have been if it had been done instead. Comparisons were made of the estimated static test behaviour to the actual static test behaviour to determine empirical values of a factor to adjust estimates closer to actual static test results. The dependence of the empirical factor on soil type, the liquid limit of plastic soils and water content is shown. Keywords: piles, load test, clays, dynamics, empiricism

scholarly journals Archived dengue serum samples produced false-positive results in SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow-based rapid antibody tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himadri Nath ◽  
Abinash Mallick ◽  
Subrata Roy ◽  
Soumi Sukla ◽  
Keya Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Co-endemicity of SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus (DV) infection is becoming a matter of serious concern as it has been already reported that antibodies (Ab) elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection can produce false-positive results in dengue IgG and IgM rapid tests and vice versa. Here we communicate that five of thirteen DV antibody-positive serum samples from Kolkata, archived in 2017 (predating the COVID-19 outbreak), produced false-positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM lateral flow-based rapid tests. Our results emphasize the importance of implementing tests with higher specificity to conduct sero-surveillance for accurate estimation of SARS-CoV-2/DV prevalence in regions where both viruses now co-exist.

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