Relation between the distribution of time spent on pasture and protein content of the concentrate on milk yield and grazing behaviour

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

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Effect of intravenous supplements of L-methionine on milk yield and composition in cows given silage-cereal diets

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900022093 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 25-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

David G. Chamberlain ◽

Phillip C. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fat Content

SUMMARYEight cows in mid lactation and receiving a diet of perennial ryegrass silage and barley (70:30 on a DM basis) were given intravenous supplements of l-methionine (8 g/d). The methionine treatment had no significant effect on milk yield, protein content or lactose content, but increased milk fat content and yield by approximately 10% (P < 0·05).

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Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. 1. Feed intake and milk production.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v38i3b.16573 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (3B) ◽

pp. 487-498

Author(s):

H. de Visser ◽

P.L. van der Togt ◽

S. Tamminga

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Silage Maize

A feeding trial was carried out with 64 multiparous dairy cows, in which the effect of type of carbohydrate in concentrate mixtures (starch vs. cell wall constituents) and differences in rumen degradation (fast vs. slow) on feed intake and milk yield were studied. The experiment started immediately after parturition and lasted for 15 wk. The basal diet, which comprised 75% of the total DM intake, consisted of wilted grass silage, maize silage and concentrates. The remaining part of the diet consisted of barley (B), maize (M), pressed ensiled beet pulp (P) or moist ensiled maize bran (MB). All diets were given as totally mixed rations. Total intake of DM and net energy did not differ between diets, but differences were found in energy partition. There was a tendency for cows given diet B to show increased liveweight gain, while cows given P mobilized more body reserves compared with the other treatments. Milk yield did not differ between diets, but milk fat content was higher for diet P. Milk protein content was higher for diets B and M compared with P and MB. The lower protein content of the milk of treatment P can be explained by a longer period of negative energy balance, while the lower milk protein in cows given diet MB probably resulted from reduced microbial protein synthesis. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Production performances of cows of different origin and housing method

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah2004417n ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 417-426

Author(s):

Dragan Niksic ◽

Vlada Pantelic ◽

Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽

Predrag Perisic ◽

Ljiljana Samolovac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Fat Content ◽

Production Performance ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Rearing Method ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Farming Households

In order to examine the variability of production performance traits (lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation, protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of 3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content, while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of housing/rearing method and origin.

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Characteristics of the productive-economic indicators of cows of Yaroslavl breed of different genotypes

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2020-192-1-43-52 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

N. Kosyachenko ◽

Marina Abramova ◽

M. Lapina

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Live Weight ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Blood Fraction ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Aim. The study of the influence of crossbriding on the growth and development of heifers and subsequent productive and reproductive qualities of cows on the first lactation. Methods. Using statistical methods, correlation analysis and ANOVA for evaluated genetic indicators of economic-valuable traits of dairy cattle. In particular was studied live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months, first insemination age and first fecundation age, live weight at fecundation, frequency of insemination, first calving age, days open, live weight at first lactation, milk yield for 305 days (kg), fat (%, kg) and protein (%, kg) in milk. Results. Relationship between productive indicators and the genotype of the animal is established. When assessing the strength of the influence of the factor «blood on the Holstein breed» it was found that the greatest impact can be traced at the age of 6 and 18 months, and is respectively 12.7 % and 17.1 %.The reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows decreased with the increase percent of blood in the Holstein breed. Evaluation of the impact of crossbreeding on milk production at first lactation has revealed significant strong influence on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation, and related signs the amount of milk fat and protein. According to qualitative indicators, the low influence of the Holstein blood fraction was found, while to a greater extent on the fat content than on the protein content in milk. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic correlations of milk yield and quality components of milk revealed average negative phenotypic and low negative genotypic correlation in all groups. The exception was in heifers of Yaroslavl breed with percent of Holstein blood less than 50 %, in which the relationship of yield x protein was positive. The relationship between milk yield and fat and protein content in milk has the opposite moderate character and strength. Practical significance. Studies was established that breeding of animals of Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds in one herd allows to receive an optimum ratio of milk production with optimal percentage fat and protein. For this herd among animals of the improved genotypes of the Yaroslavl breed, the use of genotypes with a percent of blood in the Holstein breed from 75.1 % to 87.6 % is optimal, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls to the breeding program.

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The chemical composition and technological properties of milk obtained from the morning and evening milking

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856050187 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 187-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martin Skýpala ◽

Gustav Chládek

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Production ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Fat Content ◽

Total Solids ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Solids Content ◽

Morning Milk

Milk yield varies during lactation, following what is termed a lactation curve. ŽIŽLAVSKÝ and MIKŠÍK (1988) recorded changes in milk yield within a day, too. TEPLÝ et al. (1979) a KOUŘIMSKÁ et al. (2007) published variation within a day ± 1.10 kg in milk yield, ± 0.75 % in milk fat content and ± 0.20 % in milk protein content. Milk yield of cows can be expressed in many different ways, for instance, in kilograms per lactation or in kilograms per day. A practical parameter describing milk production is milk yield (kg) per milking.The object of experiment were 12 cows of Holstein cattle on the first lactation from the 100-day of lactation to 200-day of lactation. The samples of milk were collected from January to May 2007, once a month from the morning and evening milking (milking interval 12 h ± 15 min.). The following parameters were monitored: milk production – milk yield (kg), milk protein production (kg), milk fat production (kg); milk composition – milk protein content (%), milk fat content (%), lactose content (%), milk solids-not-fat content (%), milk total solids content (%); technological properties of milk – titratable acidity (SH), active acidity (pH), rennet coagulation time (s), quality of curd (class) and somatic cell count as a parameter of udder health.Highly significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between morning milk yield (15.7 kg) and evening milk yield (13.8 kg), between morning milk protein production (0.51 kg) and evening milk protein production (0.45 kg) and between evening milk fat content (4.41 %) and morning milk fat content (3.95 %). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between morning milk total solids content (12.62 %) and evening milk total solids content (12.07 %). No significant differences were found between morning (M) and evening (E) values of the remaining parameters: milk fat production (M 0.62 kg; E 0.60 kg), milk protein content (M 3.24 %; E 3.27 %), milk lactose content (M 4.78 %; E 4.86 %), milk solids-not-fat content (M 7.69 %; E 7.71 %), somatic cell count (M 80 000/1 mL; E 101 000/1 mL), titratable acidity (M 7.75 SH; E 7.64 SH), active acidity (M pH 6.58; E pH 6.61), rennet coagulation time (M 189 s.; E 191 s.), quality of curd (M 1.60 class; E 1.57 class).

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Development of mathematical models to predict calcium, magnesium and selenium excretion from lactating Holstein cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16307 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 489 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Taylor ◽

J. A. D. Ranga Niroshan Appuhamy ◽

J. Dijkstra ◽

E. Kebreab

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Model Development ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Mineral Excretion ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate mathematical models that predict mineral excretion, particularly calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and selenium (Se), from lactating dairy cows. Mineral excretion can be affected by several dietary factors. A deficiency in Ca or Mg application to pasture, among other factors, can contribute to grass tetany or wheat pasture poisoning in cows, whereas an excess can cause runoff into water supplies. Manure application with high Se concentration can also result in runoff, causing the bioaccumulation of selenium in aquatic ecosystems, wetland habitats and estuaries, leading to toxic levels in fish. A database composed of studies relating to mineral utilisation in lactating dairy cows conducted after and including the year 2000 was compiled. A meta-analysis was conducted with the aim of creating multiple empirical equations to predict Ca, Mg and Se excretion from lactating dairy cows. Calcium intake, feed Ca content, milk yield, milk protein content and acid detergent fibre content in diet were positively and linearly related to Ca excretion. Dietary crude protein content and milk fat content were negatively related to Ca excretion. Magnesium intake, feed Mg content and milk yield were positively and linearly related to Mg excretion. Selenium content of diet and dry matter intake were linearly and positively related to Se excretion. Two sets of models were developed using or excluding the intake variable and both sets of models were evaluated with independent data originating from commercial herd or individual animals. In general, intake measurements improved prediction when evaluated with independent datasets (root mean square prediction error = 8% to 19% vs 14% to 26% of the average observed value). There were substantial mean biases, particularly those evaluated with data from a commercial farm, perhaps due to inaccurate feed intake measurements. Although there was generally good agreement between predicted and observed mineral excretion, model development and evaluation would benefit from an expanded database.

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MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF BLACK-AND-WHITE CATTLE WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF PROLACTIN AND SOMATOTROPIN

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2021.33.91.005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Л.Р. ЗАГИДУЛЛИН ◽

Р.Р. ШАЙДУЛЛИН ◽

Т.М. АХМЕТОВ ◽

С.В. ТЮЛЬКИН ◽

А.Б. МОСКВИЧЕВА

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Black And White ◽

Gh Gene ◽

White Cattle ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Prl Gene

Изучена взаимосвязь аллельных вариантов генов пролактина и соматотропина с показателями молочной продуктивности коров черно-пестрой породы по 1 и 3 лактации. У первотелок, как и у полновозрастных животных, наиболее высокий удой (4642 и 6240 кг), количество молочного жира (174,1 и 215,0 кг) и молочного белка (149,0 и 182,5 кг) достигнуты в группе с генотипом PRL АА. По массовой доле жира и белка в молоке коровы с генотипом PRL ВВ достоверно превосходили животных с генотипом PRL АА на 0,12% (Р<0,05) и 0,05% (Р<0,05) соответственно. По гену соматотропина наибольший уровень молочной продуктивности выявлен у коров с генотипом GH LL при достоверном преимуществе над GH VV у первотелок по удою на 439 кг (Р<0,01), выходу молочного жира — на 13,6 кг (Р<0,001), выходу молочного белка — на 15,3 кг (Р<0,01). У полновозрастных коров превышение над остальными группами было только по удою — на 219—548 кг (Р<0,05). Наибольшая жирномолочность характерна животным с генотипом GH VV по 1 лактации — 3,83% и по 3 лактации — 3,82%, а лучшая белковомолочность — коровам, имеющим аллель V гена GH: 3,21 и 3,23% соответственно. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о более высоком уровне молочной продуктивности у коров с генотипом PRL АА и GH LL, но лучшая жирномолочность и белковомолочность отмечены у особей, имеющих в своем генотипе аллели В гена PRL и V гена GH. The interrelation of allelic variants of prolactin and somatotropin genes with indicators of milk productivity of black-and-white cows for the 1st and 3rd lactation was studied. The highest milk yield (4642 and 6240 kg) amount of milk fat (174.1 and 215.0 kg) and milk protein (149.0 and 182.5 kg) were in the group with the PRL AA genotype in first-calf heifers as well as in full-age animals. In terms of the mass fraction of fat and protein of milk, the cows with the PRL BB genotype significantly exceeded animals with the PRL AA genotype by 0.12% (P<0.05) and 0.05% (P<0.05), respectively. According to the somatotropin gene, the highest level of milk productivity was revealed in cows with the GH LL genotype with a significant advantage over GH VV in first-calf heifers in milk yield by 439 kg (P<0.01), milk fat yield by 13.6 kg (P<0.001), milk protein yield by 15.3 kg (P<0.01). The excess over the other groups in full-age cows was only in terms of milk yield that was by 219-548 kg (P<0.05). The highest protein content of milk is a characteristic of animals with the GH VV genotype, 3.83% is for the 1st lactation and 3.82% is for the 3rd lactation, and the best protein content of milk in cows with V allele of the GH gene is 3.21 and 3.23%, respectively. The obtained data indicated a higher level of milk productivity in cows with the PRL AA and GH LL genotypes but the best fat and milk content was noted in cows with alleles B of the PRL gene and V of the GH gene in their genotype.

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Cows‘ milk productivity determining method

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017503001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 03001

Author(s):

Valentin Golovan ◽

Mariya Galicheva ◽

Denis Osepchuk ◽

Tamara Nepshekueva ◽

Aleksandr Suvorov

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Working Hours ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Stress Load ◽

Milk Cows ◽

Conversion Coefficients

Cows’ milk productivity determining method of includes: determining the amount of milk during control milking, milk sampling and analyzing its fat and protein content for each milking, they are the same indicators for the day; calculating the conversion coefficients of milk amount and the mass fraction of fat and protein for each milking into daily indicators. Then one control milking is performed per day, and the same indicator is calculated for the same type of feeding, maintenance, and milking based on its indicators multiplied by the Corresponding coefficient. The time intervals between milking being unequal, milk productivity is more accurately determined by a single milk yield after a longer interval between them. For this method, milk cows are taken from the tenth day of lactation and more. The method allows reducing labor costs and working hours of operators and laboratory assistants to daily determine the dairy productivity of cows, as well as to reduce the stress load on animals.

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Covariance components by a repeatability model in Slovenian dairy sheep using test-day records

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1680-cjas ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 426-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Komprej ◽

G. Gorjanc ◽

D. Kon ◽

M. Kovač

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Litter Size ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Dairy Sheep ◽

Milk Traits ◽

Environment Effect ◽

Covariance Components ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

The estimation of covariance components for daily milk yield, fat and protein content was performed in three Slovenian dairy sheep breeds (Bovec, Improved Bovec, and Istrian Pramenka). In the period 1994–2002, 38 983 test-day records of 3 068 ewes were collected according to ICAR regulations (method A4). All the available relationships between animals were considered. For that reason, information on 3 534 animals was included. Test-day records were analysed by a multiple-trait repeatability animal model. In its fixed part, the model contained breed and season of lambing as classes. Days after lambing, parity, and litter size were treated as covariates. Days after lambing were modelled with modified Ali-Schaeffer’s lactation curve, parity with quadratic, and litter size with linear regression. The random part of the model consisted of flock-test month effect, additive genetic effect, permanent environment effect over lactations, and permanent environment effect within lactation. Covariance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML). The estimated heritabilities were 0.11 for daily milk yield, 0.08 for fat content, and 0.10 for protein content. A relatively high variance ratio for all milk traits was explained by the flock-test month effect (from 0.27 for daily milk yield to 0.57 for protein content), while ratios explained by both permanent environment effects were lower (up to 0.13). Additive genetic correlations between daily milk yield and fat content, and daily milk yield and protein content were negative and similar (–0.36 and –0.37). A high and positive (0.67) additive genetic correlation between fat and protein content was found. Correlations for environmental effects showed a pattern similar to additive genetic correlations. Genetic parameters estimated in Slovenian dairy sheep showed that genetic progress in milk traits could be achieved using test-day milk records.

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