Enzyme Activities in Undisturbed and Disturbed Forest Soils Under Oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) as Affected by Soil Depth and Seasonal Variation

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matinizade ◽  
S.A.A. Korori ◽  
M. Teimouri ◽  
W. Praznik
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
Quercus Brantii

scholarly journals Profiles of C- and N-trace gas production in N-saturated forest soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
U. Berger ◽  
N. Brüggemann ◽  
J. Duyzer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
First Time

Abstract. This study provides for the first time data on the stratification of NO and N2O production with soil depth under aerobic and anaerobic incubation conditions for different temperate forest sites in Germany (spruce, beech, clear-cut) and the Netherlands (Douglas fir). Results show that the NO and N2O production activity is highest in the forest floor and decreases exponentially with increasing soil depth. Under anaerobic incubation conditions NO and N2O production was in all soil layers up to 2-3 orders of magnitude higher then under aerobic incubation conditions. Furthermore, significant differences between sites could be demonstrated with respect to the magnitude or predominance of NO and N2O production. These were driven by stand properties (beech or spruce) or management (clear-cut versus control). With regard to CH4 the most striking result was the lack of CH4 uptake activity in soil samples taken from the Dutch Douglas fir site at Speulderbos, which is most likely a consequence of chronically high rates of atmospheric N deposition. In addition, we could also demonstrate that CH4 fluxes at the soil surface are obviously the result of simultaneously occurring uptake and production processes, since even under aerobic conditions a net production of CH4 in forest floor samples was found. The provided dataset will be very useful for the development and testing of process oriented models, since for the first time activity data stratified for several soil layers for N2O, NO, and CH4 production/oxidation activity for forest soils are provided.

scholarly journals Drought and rewetting events enhance nitrate leaching and seepage-mediated translocation of microbes from beech forest soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Krüger ◽  
Karin Potthast ◽  
Beate Michalzik ◽  
Alexander Tischer ◽  
Kirsten Küsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Potential Nitrification

AbstractNitrification in forest soils is often associated with increased leaching of nitrate to deeper soil layers with potential impacts on groundwater resources, further enhanced under scenarios of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen deposition and predicted weather extremes. We aimed to disentangle the relationships between soil nitrification potential, seepage-mediated nitrate leaching and the vertical translocation of nitrifiers in soils of a temperate mixed beech forest in central Germany before, during and after the severe summer drought 2018. Leaching of nitrate assessed below the litter layer and in 4, 16 and 30 cm soil depth showed high temporal and vertical variation with maxima at 16 and 30 cm during and after the drought period. Maximum of soil potential nitrification activity of 4.4 mg N kg-1 d-1 only partially coincided with maximum nitrate leaching of 10.5 kg N ha-2. Both ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) were subject to translocation by seepage, and AOB decreased at least by half and AOA increased by one to three orders of magnitude in their abundance in seepage with increasing soil depth. On the level of the total bacterial population, an increasing trend with depth was also observed for Cand. Patescibacteria while Bacteroidetes were strongly mobilized from the litter layer but poorly transported further down. Despite stable population densities in soil over time, abundances of AOA, AOB and total bacteria in seepage increased by one order of magnitude after the onset of autumn rewetting. Predicted future higher frequency of drought periods in temperate regions may result in more frequent seepage-mediated seasonal flushes of nitrate and bacteria from forest soils. Moreover, the observed translocation patterns point to taxon-specific differences in the susceptibility to mobilization, suggesting that only selected topsoil derived microbial groups are likely to affect subsoil or groundwater microbial communities and their functional potential.

scholarly journals Soil Carbon Sequestrations in Forest Soils in Relation to Parent Material and Soil Depth in South-Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 400-409
Author(s):  
Chinonso Millicent Chris-Emenyonu ◽  
Emmanuel Uzoma Onweremadu ◽  
John Didacus Njoku ◽  
Chioma Mildred Ahukaemere ◽  
Benarden Ngozi Aririguzo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
South Eastern

scholarly journals Vegetation degradation impacts soil nutrients and enzyme activities in wet meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangqi Wu ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Weiwei Ma ◽  
Jianghua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Vegetation Degradation ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractVegetation degradation, due to climate change and human activities, changes the biomass, vegetation species composition, and soil nutrient input sources and thus affects soil nutrient cycling and enzyme activities. However, few studies have focused on the responses of soil nutrients and enzymes to vegetation degradation in high-altitude wet meadows. In this study, we examined the effects of vegetation degradation on soil nutrients (soil organic carbon, SOC; total nitrogen, TN; total phosphorus, TP) and enzyme activities (i.e., urease, catalase, amylase) in an alpine meadow in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Four different levels of degradation were defined in terms of vegetation density and composition: primary wet meadow (CK), lightly degraded (LD), moderately degraded (MD), and heavily degraded (HD). Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm to determine soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities. The results showed that SOC, TN, catalase and amylase significantly decreased with degradation level, while TP and urease increased with degradation level (P < 0.05). Soil nutrient and enzyme activity significantly decreased with soil depth (P < 0.05), and the soil nutrient and enzyme activity exhibited obvious "surface aggregation". The activities of soil urease and catalase were strongest in spring and weakest in winter. The content of TN in spring, summer, and autumn was significantly higher than observed in winter (P < 0.05). The soil TP content increased in winter. Soil amylase activity was significantly higher in summerm than in spring, autumn, and winter (P < 0.05). TP was the main limiting factor for plant growth in the Gahai wet meadow. Values of SOC and TN were positively and significantly correlated with amylase and catalase (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with urease (P < 0.05). These results suggest the significant role that vegetation degradation and seasonal freeze–thaw cycle play in regulating enzyme activities and nutrient availability in wet meadow soil.

Mineral fertilization and soil depth slightly affected aggregate structures despite significantly altered microbial properties in surface forest soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 3615-3626
Author(s):  
Yun Niu ◽  
Manyun Zhang ◽  
Shahla Hosseini Bai ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Yuanqiu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Aggregate Structures

Sulfur speciation, vertical distribution, and seasonal variation in a northern hardwood forest soil, U.S.A

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Dhamala ◽  
M.J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Sulfur Speciation

Sulfur biogeochemistry of a northern hardwood forest soil in Bear Brook Watershed, Maine, was studied utilizing 35S in situ. The objectives of study were to characterize different S pools, their vertical distribution, and seasonal variation. Soil cores were used at the field and treated with 35SO42−. The distribution of total and C-bonded S followed a typical pattern of decreasing concentration with soil depth. More than 86% of total 35S added was retained by the soil. Most of the 35S activity was in the organic S pool (up to 73 and 20% of total 35S in C-bonded S and ester-sulfate forms, respectively) in both the forest floor and the mineral soil horizons. Ester sulfate increased with depth from 5.3 to 25.5% of total S. During the summer the relative importance of mineralization to immobilization decreased. Inorganic sulfate was the smallest S pool. However, higher specific activity and turnover rate of the inorganic 35SO42− pool than organic 35S pool indicated that S concentration and solution flux were more regulated by abiotic (adsorption and desorption) than biotic (mineralization and immobilization) processes.

Seasonal Variation in the Regulation of Redox State and Some Biotransformation Enzyme Activities in the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rusticaL.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Raja-aho ◽  
Mirella Kanerva ◽  
Tapio Eeva ◽  
Esa Lehikoinen ◽  
Petri Suorsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Biotransformation Enzyme

The response of soil enzyme activity to seasonal and microtopographical variations in the sedge peatlands in Changbai Mountain, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Significant Difference

&lt;p&gt;Hummock-hollow microtopography is a common feature in northern peatlands. It&lt;br&gt;creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry, thus affect soil C&lt;br&gt;cycling in peatlands at the local scale. This study investigated effects of microtopography on soil&lt;br&gt;enzyme (&amp;#946;-1,4-glucosidase (&amp;#946;G), &amp;#946;-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), acid phosphatase (AP)&lt;br&gt;and peroxidase (PER)) activities and environment variables as well as their relationships in a&lt;br&gt;typical sedge peatland in Changbai Mountain, northeast of China. Our results showed that the&lt;br&gt;enzyme activities in the sedge peatland significantly varied across seasons and microtopographical&lt;br&gt;positions. Soil enzyme activities in hummocks exhibited more obvious seasonal variation than&lt;br&gt;hollows, with the &amp;#946;G, AP and PER activities presented a distinct valley in summer and the&lt;br&gt;maximum values occurred in Spring or Autumn. Soil hydrolase (&amp;#946;G, NAG and AP) activities in&lt;br&gt;hummocks were significantly higher compared to hollows, while soil oxidase (PER enzyme)&lt;br&gt;activity in hollows was higher than hummocks. The NMDS analysis revealed that the influence&lt;br&gt;degree of microtopography on the enzyme activities was higher than that of seasonal variation.&lt;br&gt;Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the variations of soil enzyme activities in the peatland&lt;br&gt;were related to environmental variables, especially to water table depth (WTD), soil temperature&lt;br&gt;(ST), SOC, N availability and P availability. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the&lt;br&gt;three hydrolase (BG, NAG and AP) activities were positively correlated with soil TN, SOC and&lt;br&gt;C/N, and negatively correlated with WTD and TP. On the contrast, the PER activities were&lt;br&gt;positively correlated with TP, and negatively correlated with ST, SOC and C/N. The present&lt;br&gt;study demonstrated that small scale topographic heterogeneity created by hummock cause habitat&lt;br&gt;heterogeneity and thus lead to significant difference of soil enzyme activity between hummock&lt;br&gt;and hollow in the sedge peatlands. This finding provides further evidence of the importance of&lt;br&gt;peatland microtopography to C cycling and has direct implications for scaling biogeochemical&lt;br&gt;processes to the ecosystem level.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Association of Cellulytic Enzyme Activities in Eucalyptus Mulches with Biological Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Downer ◽  
J. A. Menge ◽  
E. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Vertical Transect

A series of samples were taken from mulched and unmulched trees starting at the surface of mulch or soil to a 15 cm soil depth, forming a vertical transect. Saprophytic fungi isolated from the soil samples on rose bengal medium and surveyed visually were most abundant in mulches and at the interface of mulch and soil (P < 0.05). Microbial activity as assayed by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate was significantly greater in mulch layers than in soils. Cellulase and laminarinase enzyme activities were greatest in upper mulch layers and rapidly decreased in soil layers (P < 0.05). Enzyme activities against Phytophthora cinnamomi cell walls were significantly greater in mulch than in soil layers. When Phytophthora cinnamomi was incubated in situ at the various transect depths, it was most frequently lysed at the interface between soil and mulch (P < 0.001). Roots that grew in mulch layers were significantly less infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi than roots formed in soil layers. In mulched soil, roots were commonly formed at the mulch-soil interface where Phytophthora populations were reduced, whereas roots in unmulched soil were numerous at the 7.5 cm depth where Phytophthora cinnamomi was prevalent. Enzyme activities were significantly and positively correlated with each other, microbial activity, and saprophytic fungal populations, but significantly and negatively correlated with Phytophthora recovery.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and phosphorus regulation of soil enzyme activities in acid forest soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah R. Fatemi ◽  
Ivan J. Fernandez ◽  
Kevin S. Simon ◽  
David Bryan Dail
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Forest Soils
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