scholarly journals Effects of Fasting Duration and Body Weight on Fasting Heat Production in Growing Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 2333-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Li ◽  
Q. Hu ◽  
F.L. Wang ◽  
X.S. Piao ◽  
J.J. Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fasting Duration ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

scholarly journals Major determinants of fasting heat production and energetic cost of activity in growing pigs of different body weight and breed/castration combination

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Milgen ◽  
J. F. Bernier ◽  
Y. Lecozler ◽  
S. Dubois ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Large White ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

A total of sixty-five observations on heat production during fasting and physical activity were obtained in four groups of pigs differing in breed and/or castration (Meishan (MC) and Large White (LWC) castrates and Large White (LWM) and Piétrain (PM) males) with body weight (BW) ranging between 25 and 60 kg. Pigs were fed ad libitum before fasting. Heat production was measured using indirect calorimetry. Fasting heat production (FHP) was proportional to the body weight raised to the power 0.55, but with group-specific proportionality parameters (810, 1200, 1220 and 1120kJ/kg BW0.55 per d for MC, LWC, LWM and PM respectively). Group effects could be removed by expressing FHP as a function of muscle, viscera and fat: FHP (kJ/d) = 457(muscle)0.81 + 1969(viscera)0.81 - 644(fat)0.81. It is hypothesized that different breeds with equal muscle and visceral mass, can have different FHP. The negative coefficient for fat would then be the result of a low FHP rather than a cause of it. Because a large part of the variation in tissue composition between groups was due to MC group, a separate equation for the lean groups was established. For lean pigs, FHP could be expressed as a function of muscle and viscera alone: FHP (kJ/d) = 508(muscle)0.66 + 2011(viscera)0.66. Both type of pig and BW affected the number of bouts of physical activities (i.e. standing or sitting) per day, the duration of activity and the total cost of activity. Energetic cost of activity was proportional to the muscle mass raised to the power 0.91 (FHPactivity (kJ/h activity) = 21.0(muscle)0.91). Physical activity represented less than 10% of the total heat production in fasting growing pigs housed alone in metabolic cages and kept in a quiet environment.

272 The effects of in utero heat stress on fasting heat production in growing pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
N. M. Chapel ◽  
C. J. Byrd ◽  
D. W. Lugar ◽  
K. R. Stewart ◽  
M. C. Lucy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

Instraspecies Relationship between Fasting Heat Production and Body Weight: A Reevaluation of W.75

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
R. W. Touchberry ◽  
R. D. Goodrich ◽  
J. C. Meiske
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

Effect of experimental methodology on fasting heat production and the net energy content of corn and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewen Liu ◽  
Neil William Jaworski ◽  
Guifeng Zhang ◽  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Defa Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

scholarly journals Effects of high altitude and season on fasting heat production in the yak Bos grunniens or Poephagus grunniens

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Tai Han ◽  
Ao-Yun Xie ◽  
Xi-Chao Bi ◽  
Shu-Jie Liu ◽  
Ling-Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

Thirty growing yaks Bos grunniens or Poephagus grunniens, 1·0–3·5 years and 50–230kg, from their native altitudes (3000–4000m), were used to study the basal metabolism in this species and to evaluate the effects of high altitude and season on the energy metabolism. Fasting heat production (FHP) was measured at altitudes of 2260, 3250 and 4270m on the Tibetan plateau in both the summer and the winter, after a 90d adaptation period at each experimental site. Gas exchanges of the whole animals were determined continuously for 3d (4–5 times per d, 10–12 min each time) after a 96 h starvation period, using closed-circuit respiratory masks. Increasing altitude at similar ambient temperature (Ta) did not affect (P>0·10) FHP in the summer, but decreased (P<0·05) it at different Ta in the winter. However, the decrease of FHP in the winter was mainly due to the decrease of Ta instead of the increase of altitude. In the summer, the respiratory rate, heart rate and body temperature were unaffected by altitude, except for a decrease (P<0·05) in body temperature at 4270m; in the winter, they were decreased (P<0·05) by increasing altitude. In both seasons, the RER was decreased (P<0·05) by increasing altitude. At all altitudes for all groups, the daily FHP was higher (P<0·05) in the summer (Ta 6–24°C) than in the winter (Ta 0 to -30°C), and the Ta-corrected FHP averaged on 920 kJ/kg body weight0·52 at Ta 8–14°C and on 704 kJ/kg body weight0·52 at Ta -15°C respectively. We conclude that in the yak high altitude has no effect on the energy metabolism, whereas the cold ambient temperature has a significant depressing effect. The results confirm that the yak has an excellent adaptation to both high altitude and extremely cold environments.

scholarly journals Effect of previous nutrition on body composition and maintenance energy costs of growing lambs

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Ferrell ◽  
L. J. Koong ◽  
J. A. Nienaber
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

1. Forty-eight intact male lambs (30 kg) were fed to gain 16 (H), 5 (M) or –6 (L) kg during a 42 d interval (period 1). Lambs from each of the H and M groups were fed to gain either 16 (HH, MH), 5 (HM, MM) or –6 (HL, ML) kg and lambs from the L group were fed to gain 27 (LS), 16 (LH) or 5 (LM) kg during the ensuing 42 d (period 2).2. Fasting heat production (FHP) of four lambs from each treatment was determined at the end of period 2.3. Weights and compositions of the carcass, offal and digesta-free body as well as weights of major internal organs were determined for four lambs of each treatment at the end of periods 1 and 2.4. Within groups of lambs of similar weight at the end of period 2, body composition was, in general, similar, but FHP was greater in lambs that had been on higher planes of nutrition during period 2.5. Within groups of lambs of similar weight, lambs that were fed at higher planes of nutrition during period 2 had greater weights or proportions of liver, small intestine, large intestine and stomach.6. Neither weight of the liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intestine nor daily fasting heat production were constant functions of body-weight. Relations of these traits to body-weight changed with rate of gain.7. Regression analysis indicated that the feeding of lambs at higher planes of nutrition during period 1 resulted in higher maintenance requirements of those lambs during period 2.

The effects of temperature and type of floor on metabolic rate and effective critical temperature in groups of growing pigs

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
W. Van Der Hel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

SUMMARY1. Six experiments each with 2 groups of 9 pigs (9 castrated males and 9 females), 26 to 31 kg initial weight, were kept in a large indirect calorimeter equipped with two identical pig pens. In each pen nine animals were housed for periods of 6 to 8 weeks. The floors tested were: asphalt, straw bedding on asphalt (25 mm straw on asphalt), and concrete slats. Two experiments, each of four periods, were performed on each of the floors. The temperature in the calorimeter was changed in stepwise fashion by 2 to 3°C at intervals of 2 to 3 days. In periods 1 and 3 the temperature was decreased stepwise from 20·23°C to 5·8°C, and in periods 2 and 4 in the reverse order. Gaseous exchange was measured at each of the temperatures for 48 hr. Feeding level was kept constant at about 1160 kJ meta-bolizable energy/kg0·75.day.2. Heat production and energy balance per unit of feed intake were similar on all floors in the zone of thermoneutrality and the derived maintenance requirements were also similar with a mean value 438 kJ/kg0·75.3. The effective critical temperature of animals weighing 40 kg was 11*5 to 13°C on straw bedding, 14 to 15°C on asphalt and 19 to 20°C on concrete slats.4. At temperatures below the critical temperature heat production was increased. The increase in extra thermoregulatory heat production was on average 8·9 kJ/kg0·75 per °C below the effective critical temperature. Between the various floor types differences in this increase were noticed, but were not significant.5. Body-weight gains on asphalt and straw bedding were similar; on concrete slats the body-weight gain was significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Identification of blood immune and metabolic indicators explaining the variability of growth of pigs under contrasted sanitary conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Le Floc’h ◽  
F. Gondret ◽  
R. Resmond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Abstract Background Health and growth of pigs are affected by the hygiene of housing. Lower growth performance observed in poor hygiene of housing conditions is explained by reduced feed intake and metabolic changes caused by the activation of body defences. In a previous experiment, we reported contrasted average values of body weight gain, concentrations of circulating metabolites, redox and immune indicators in blood of pigs housed in good or poor hygiene conditions during the growing period. This study addressed inter-individual variability in these responses to determine whether a particular blood profile explains average daily gain (ADG) of the pig. Results The data originated from 160 growing pigs, half of which subjected to a hygiene challenge for 6 weeks (W0 to W6) and the others housed in good hygiene conditions. Pigs originated from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Individual body weights were recorded during this period, and relative ADG (rADGW0-W6) was calculated as the ADG corrected by the initial body weight measured at W0. Blood samples were taken before (W0) and 3 weeks (W3) after the beginning of the challenge. The analysed dataset consisted of 51 metabolites and indicators of immune and inflammatory responses measured on 136 pigs having no missing value for any variables, when calculated as the differences W3 minus W0 in circulating concentrations. An algorithm tested all possible linear regression models and then selected the best ones to explain rADGW0-W6. Six variables were identified across the best models and correlated with rADGW0-W6 with a goodness of fit (adjusted R2) of about 67%. They were changes in haptoglobin, global antioxidant capacity of plasma (Biological Antioxidant Power or BAP), free fatty acids, and 3 amino acids: leucine, tryptophan, and 1-methylhistidine. The effects of housing conditions and RFI lines were comprised in the variables of the selected models and none of these conditions improved accuracy of the predictive models, leading to genericity of the pinpointed metabolic changes in relation to variability of ADG. Conclusions This approach allows us to identify blood variables, whose changes in blood concentrations correlated to ADG under contrasted sanitary conditions.

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