scholarly journals Iron Fortification of Whole Wheat Flour Reduces Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia and Increases Body Iron Stores in Indian School-Aged Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 1997-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumithra Muthayya ◽  
Prashanth Thankachan ◽  
Siddhivinayak Hirve ◽  
Vani Amalrajan ◽  
Tinku Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Indian School ◽  
Whole Wheat Flour ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Whole Wheat

Fortification of tempeh with encapsulated iron improves iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Jati Kusuma ◽  
Aviria Ermamilia
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Iron Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Purpose Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most major micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Food fortification is one strategy for reducing IDA in the population despite concern regarding the gut pathogenic bacteria overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron encapsulation in banana peel matrix on iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia. Design/methodology/approach Anemia was induced in 35 male Sprague Dawley rats of age two weeks by the administration of iron-free diet for two weeks. Rats then randomly divided into control, iron-fortified tempeh (temFe) dose 10 and 20 ppm, iron matrix-fortified tempeh dose 10 and 20 ppm and iron matrix fortified tempeh dose 10 and 20 ppm with probiotic mixture. Blood was drawn at Weeks 2 and 6 for hemoglobin and serum iron analysis. Rats were sacrificed at the end of Week 6, and cecal contents were collected for Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria and Enterobactericeae analysis. Findings Hemoglobin and serum iron were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all iron-fortified group with the highest value found in iron matrix dose 20 ppm (10.71 ± 0.15 g/dl and 335.83 ± 2.17 µg/dl, respectively). The cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria did not differ significantly between groups. Cecal Enterobactericeae was significantly different (p < 0.05) among groups with the lowest level in the temFe-20 (2.65 ± 0.78 log CFU) group. Research limitations/implications The use of commercial inoculum instead of pure Rhizopus oligosporus mold for developing the fortified tempeh may impact the effect of product on cecal gut microbiota composition, as different molds and lactic acid bacteria can grow in tempeh when using commercial inoculum. Social implications In Indonesia, iron fortification is conducted primarily in noodles and flour that limits the impact of iron fortification for reducing IDA in population. Iron fortification in food that was daily consumed by people, that is, tempeh, is potential strategy in reducing IDA in population. Originality/value Tempeh fortification using encapsulated iron improved iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia.

PITFALLS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
David H. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Reticulocyte Count ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Mother Loss ◽  
Oral Preparation

Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia involve several areas. In the history one may overlook anemia in the mother, loss of infant blood from the placental circuit or later as melena, as well as a diet high in milk and low in iron-rich foods. In the physical examination pallor should not be estimated from facial color alone. In the laboratory a reticulocyte count should be determined before as well as during treatment. Regarding treatment it is important to give enough iron (6 mg/kg/day) for long enough to replenish iron stores. An effective, oral preparation of ferrous iron alone in gradually increasing doses is preferred. Failure to respond suggests several possibilities discussed above.

scholarly journals Associations Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Wages in India: A Secondary Data Analysis (P22-016-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchit Makkar ◽  
Sumedha Minocha ◽  
Kishor Bhat ◽  
Anjaly John ◽  
Sumathi Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Economic analyses add value beyond evidence to the implementation of any policy. The study explored the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the wages of adult men and women between 15- 49 years in India so that the possible monetary benefits of iron fortification policies could be evaluated. Methods National sample survey organization (NSSO) Employment- Unemployment data was statistically matched with the NSSO Consumer Expenditure data at an individual level for the year 2011–12. The anemia levels (assuming 50% of anemia was due to iron deficiency) was mathematically modelled in response to a wide range of nutrient intakes, including iron intake from heme and non-heme sources along with inhibitors and enhancers in the diet, adjusting for bioavailability, sanitation and menstrual losses in women. A two-stage Heckman selection model was used to establish the association between wages and IDA. In the first stage, a probit model was used to determine labour force participation and in the second stage, an ordinary least square model, corrected for sample selection bias, was used to determine the impact of IDA on wages. Results The presence of IDA resulted in a decline of 15.3 percentage points in wages of regular salaried employed men as compared to those without IDA. Similar patterns was observed for women but the impact of anemia on wages was lower in comparison to men. Among women, a decline of 8.0 percentage points was observed in the wages of regular salaried employed women compared to those without IDA. However, the presence of IDA had no significant impact on the wages of casual labourers. This indicated that there were other random factors that affected the wages of this segment of population. Conclusions There is an association between IDA and wages for a segment of working population. Addressing anemia through iron fortification programs such as the usage of double fortified salt could possibly change living standards of the population through improvement in earnings. Funding Sources International Development Research Centre, Canada; Tata Trusts, India.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Cancer Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Mark Janis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Functional Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Iv Iron ◽  
Absolute Iron Deficiency

Anemia is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 40 % of cancer patients, and results in a significant decrease in health-related quality of life while also being associated with shorter cancer survival times. A recent survey of 15,000 cancer patients in Europe found that 39 % were anemic at the time of enrolment. In addition, anemia is a recognized complication of myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and it has been estimated that, in the US, around 1.3 million cancer patients who are not anemic at the time of diagnosis will develop anemia during the course of their disease. The etiology of anemia in cancer patients is variable and often multifactorial, and may be the result of an absolute or a functional iron deficiency. Cancer produces an enhanced inflammatory state within the body—causing hepcidin levels to increase and erythropoietin production to decrease—and results in a reduction in erythropoiesis due to impaired iron transport. This type of anemia is known as functional iron deficiency, where the body has adequate iron stores but there are problems with mobilization and transport of the iron. Absolute iron deficiency is when both iron stores and iron transport are low. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guidelines for cancer-related anemia recommend intravenous (IV) iron products alone for iron repletion in cancer patients with absolute iron deficiency, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in combination with IV iron in cancer patients (currently undergoing palliative chemotherapy) with functional iron deficiency. Although IV iron has been demonstrated to enhance the hematopoietic response to ESA therapy, the use of supplemental iron has not yet been optimized in oncology. Here we discuss the significance of iron deficiency anemia in cancer patients and the need to implement tools to properly diagnose this condition, and we provide an overview of the management strategies and recommendations for patients with iron deficiency anemia as outlined in the NCCN guidelines.

Recent Experience with Fortification of Foods and Beverages with Iron for the Control of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Brazilian Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Anthony Beinner ◽  
Joel Alves Lamounier
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
World Population ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Political Will

Iron-deficiency-anemia affects 30% of the world population. Women of reproductive age and children are the most affected. Iron supplementation in the form of tablets and syrups has not been successful in developing countries, and iron deficiency is still the most important deficiency related to malnutrition. Iron-deficiency anemia affects physical and cognitive development at an early age in children, often resulting in irreversible outcomes. Studies from the last two decades have shown that the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia can be reduced given adequate investments and political will directed at iron fortification of foods and liquids. A successful low-cost iron-fortification program incorporates implementation and strategic use of communication for program inception where education is in the forefront. A review of the available reports from experience in Brazil with iron fortification of foods and liquids is presented.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status, iron deficiency anemia and COVID-19 disease burden – an appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Kusum Ghosh ◽  
◽  
Diptendu Chatterjee ◽  
Abhisikta Ghosh Roy ◽  
Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Mild Anemia

Introduction. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2, possesses varying degrees of susceptibility and lethality worldwide and WHO declared this as a pandemic of this century. Aim. In this background, the aim of this present narrative is to provide a complementary overview of how low iron stores and mild anemia offers protection from infectious diseases like COVID-19 by restricting the viral replication and also to suggest some potential adjuvant therapeutic interventions. Material and methods. Therefore, we performed a literature search reviewing pertinent articles and documents. PubMed, Google Scholar, Chemrxiv, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, Preprints and ResearchGate were investigated. Analysis of the literature. Recent studies reported drastic systemic events taking place that contribute to the severe clinical outcomes such as decreased hemoglobin indicating anemia, hypoxia, altered iron metabolism, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress, cytokine storm, hyper-ferritinemia and thus Multi Organ Failure, reportedly hailed as the hallmark of the COVID-19 hyper- inflammatory state. Interestingly it is globally observed that, countries with higher Socio-economic status (SES) have considerably lower prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) but higher Case Fatality Rate (CFR) rate due to COVID-19 while, low SES countries characterized by the higher prevalence of IDA, are less affected to COVID-19 infection and found to have less CFR, which is almost half to that of the higher SES counterpart. Conclusion. Present review presumed that,low iron stores and mild anemia may play a beneficial role in some cases by offering protection from infectious diseases as low iron restricts the viral replication.Thus, suggested iron chelation or iron sequestration as an alternative beneficial adjuvant in treating COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Suitability of Instant Noodles for Iron Fortification to Combat Iron-Deficiency Anemia among Primary Schoolchildren in Rural Vietnam

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Le ◽  
Inge D. Brouwer ◽  
Corine A. de Wolf ◽  
Lidwien van der Heijden ◽  
Khan Cong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Instant Noodles

Background Anemia is a significant public health problem among schoolchildren in Vietnam. Food fortification is considered one of the most sustainable long-term strategies to control iron-deficiency anemia in Vietnam. The success of a food-fortification program depends on the choice of the food vehicle. Objectives The aim of the present study was to identify an appropriate vehicle for iron fortification to be used in a school-feeding program aimed at improving the iron and anemia status of schoolchildren in rural Vietnam. Methods Children 6 to 8 years of age in two primary schools in Tam Nong District, Phu Tho Province, and their parents were included in this study. The study consisted of three substudies: a food-consumption study with 24-hour recalls of two nonconsecutive days; a food-beliefs study, with focus group discussions, a pile-sorting test, and a food attributes and differences exercise; and a food-acceptance study using noodles and biscuits fortified with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaFeEDTA). Results The average number of meals consumed daily was 3.2 ± 0.4, and the average intakes of energy and iron were 1,218 ± 406 kcal and 7.5 ± 4.0 mg, respectively. Compared with biscuits and instant rice soup, instant noodles were consumed more frequently and in larger portion sizes and are more acceptable as children's food in the culture of the local people. The iron level of the fortified product did not affect the mean consumption of noodles, but a higher level of iron was associated with a lower mean consumption of biscuits ( p < .05). The production process did not affect the NaFeEDTA level in noodles; however, during preparation at least 70% of the iron is leaked into the soup. Conclusions Instant noodles are a suitable vehicle for iron fortification for use in school-based intervention to improve iron-deficiency anemia among primary schoolchildren in rural Vietnam.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Haryana, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 699-699
Author(s):  
Lorraine Yeung ◽  
Mona Duggal ◽  
Reena Das ◽  
Jorge Rosenthal ◽  
Swati Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Objectives Anemia is a public health problem in women of reproductive age in many low- and medium-income countries including India. Maternal anemia can cause low birth weight, impaired fetal growth, and preterm birth. We assessed the baseline prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and inflammation using c-reactive protein (CRP) among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age living in the Ambala District, Haryana, India prior to the start of a wheat flour fortification program. Methods We conducted a multistage cluster probability household and biomarker survey and analyzed venous blood samples from non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged 18–49 years residing in rural areas of two subdistricts in the Ambala District. Factors of interest were: anemia, hemoglobin &lt; 12.0 g/dL; ID, serum ferritin &lt; 15μg/L;  IDA,  presence of both anemia and iron deficiency; inflammation, CRP &gt; 5 mg/L. We used the BRINDA regression adjustment for ferritin to account for inflammation. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for anemia, ID, IDA, and CRP were estimated. Results Among 775 non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age, 54.3% (95% CI; 50.7, 58.0) had anemia, 86.9% (95% CI; 84.3, 89.2) were iron deficient, and 15.1% (95% CI; 12.5, 18.1) had inflammation. Among those with anemia, 58.2% (95 CI; 54.3, 62.0) had iron deficiency anemia. Conclusions Anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age in Haryana are significant public health concerns. The findings from the survey helped quantify the burden of inadequate iron intake and informed the Haryana government's prevention strategy aimed at reducing micronutrient deficiencies through a wheat flour fortification program. Funding Sources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Tempeh with Iron Fortification to Overcome Iron Deficiency Anemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toto Sudargo ◽  
Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa ◽  
Siti Helmiyati ◽  
Rio Jati Kusuma ◽  
Tonny Arjuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Fortification
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