scholarly journals Regimen-related Mortality Risk in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis Using Hypertonic Glucose Solution: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Chinakorn Sujimongkol ◽  
Cholatip Pongskul ◽  
Supannee Promthet
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Hypertonic Glucose ◽  
Related Mortality

scholarly journals Body mass index and clinical outcomes in patients after ischaemic stroke in South Korea: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028880
Author(s):  
HeeKyoung Choi ◽  
Hyo Suk Nam ◽  
Euna Han
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

ObjectivesAlthough obesity is a risk factor for stroke, its impact on mortality in patients with stroke remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality due to ischaemic stroke among adults aged 20 years and above in Korea.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary-hospital-based stroke registry linked to the death records.Participants3599 patients admitted for ischaemic stroke from January 2007 to June 2013.Outcome measuresThe HRs for all-cause and stroke-related mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Progression from stroke-related mortality was assessed using the Fine-Grey competing risk model, treating other-cause mortality as a competing risk. Adjustments were made for age, gender, smoking status, Charlson comorbidity index, cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular comorbidities, stroke severity, severity related to other medical conditions, complications and enrolment year. We repeated the analysis with stratification based on age groups (less than 65 vs 65 years and above).ResultsFor stroke-related mortality, there was no significant difference among the four BMI groups. The risk of all-cause mortality was 36% higher in the underweight group than in the normal weight group (long-term HR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.79), whereas the mortality risk of the obese group was significantly lower (HR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.81). Although this relationship was not estimated in the younger group, it was found that obesity had a protective effect on the all-cause mortality in the elderly (long-term HR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.83).ConclusionsObesity is more likely to reduce mortality risk than normal weight, especially in elderly patients.

Fluoroscopic versus Laparoscopic Implantation of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Maher ◽  
Martin J. Wolley ◽  
Saib A. Abbas ◽  
Stewart P. Hawkins ◽  
Mark R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort

scholarly journals Cryptococcal meningitis in a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, mortality and risk factors – A retrospective cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hiesgen ◽  
C Schutte ◽  
S Olorunju ◽  
J Retief
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
People Living With Hiv

Aim This retrospective cohort study analyzes the impact of possible risk factors on the survival chance of patients with cryptococcal meningitis. These factors include the patient’s socio-economic background, age, gender, presenting symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory findings and, in particular, non-adherence versus adherence to therapy. Methods Data were collected from all adult patients admitted to Kalafong Hospital with laboratory confirmed cryptococcal meningitis over a period of 24 months. We analyzed the data by the presentation of descriptive summary statistics, logistic regression was used to assess factors which showed association between outcome of measure and factor. Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis using all the factors that showed significant association in the cross tabulation was applied to determine which factors had an impact on the patients’ mortality risk. Results A total of 87 patients were identified. All except one were HIV-positive, of which 55.2% were antiretroviral therapy naïve. A history of previous tuberculosis was given by 25 patients (28.7%) and 49 (56.3%) were on tuberculosis treatment at admission or started during their hospital stay. In-hospital mortality was 31%. Statistical analysis showed that antiretroviral therapy naïve patients had 9.9 (CI 95% 1.2–81.2, p < 0.0032) times greater odds of dying compared to those on antiretroviral therapy, with 17 from 48 patients (35.4%) dying compared with 1 out of 21 patients (4.8%) on treatment. Defaulters had 14.7 (CI 95% 1.6–131.6, p < 0.016) times greater odds of dying, with 9 from 18 patients dying (50%), compared to the non-defaulters. In addition, patients who presented with nausea and vomiting had a 6.3 (95% CI 1.7–23.1, p < 0.005) times greater odds of dying (18/47, 38.3%); this remained significant when adjusted for antiretroviral therapy naïve patients and defaulters. Conclusion Cryptococcal meningitis is still a common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV/AIDS resulting in hospitalization and a high mortality. Defaulting antiretroviral therapy and presentation with nausea and vomiting were associated with a significantly increased mortality risk.

Patient and Physician Predictors of Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Failure: A Population Based, Retrospective Cohort Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Chidambaram ◽  
Joanne M. Bargman ◽  
Robert R. Quinn ◽  
Peter C. Austin ◽  
Janet E. Hux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Technique Failure ◽  
Late Referral

BackgroundThe use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been declining over the past decade in Canada, and high technique failure rates have been implicated. Studies have examined clinical risk factors for PD technique failure, but few studies have addressed sociodemographic factors driving technique failure. There are no studies examining the effect of physician factors on technique failure.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using Ontario healthcare databases from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 2005 to examine the effects of patient sociodemographic and physician characteristics on PD technique failure. The primary outcome was time to technique failure. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients experiencing technique failure during the first year and the proportion of patients experiencing death during the study period. A competing risks analysis was applied to the Cox proportional hazards model to determine the predictors of technique failure, death, and kidney transplantation.ResultsIn 5162 incident PD patients, the probability of technique success and patient survival at 5 years was 58.2% and 46.9% respectively. Of patients failing PD, 43.5% failed during the first year of treatment. Statistically significant predictors of technique failure included increasing age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.02], diabetes mellitus (HR 1.32), lower neighborhood education level (HR 2.93), and receiving transient (≤ 3 months) hemodialysis before starting PD (HR 1.24). Predictors of patient death included increasing age (HR 1.05), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.44), coronary artery disease (HR 1.26), congestive heart failure (HR 1.58), and late referral to the nephrologist (HR 1.27). Distance from treating dialysis center and residing in a rural area did not impact the risk of technique failure or death. Male physician gender increased the risk of technique failure (HR 1.31). Increased PD patient volume decreased the risk of technique failure (HR 0.98). None of the physician factors were predictors of patient death.ConclusionThese findings support the need for implementing strategies to reduce technique failure, which could include increasing educational resources for patients initiating PD, aggressive risk factor modification in patients with multiple comorbidities, and increasing physician awareness regarding the detrimental outcomes associated with late referral and late PD start.

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