scholarly journals Alternatives of IoT Irrigation Systems for the Gardens of Arequipa

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Jose David Esquicha-Tejada ◽  
Juan Carlos Copa-Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Due to the problem of drinking water scarcity in different cities around the world, there are innovative proposals to automate garden irrigation in homes, to reduce drinking water consumption. For this research, a sample of 68 inhabitants of the Region of Arequipa - Peru has been surveyed to know the common habits in the irrigation of the gardens. From this data, two systems have been implemented in two average gardens using the Arduino UNO board (integrating with the Ethernet Shield) and the NodeMCU, each proposal integrates soil moisture sensors, water flow sensor, and actuators, such as the solenoid valve and the relay, besides centralizing the information through an IoT System (Home Assistant or Adafruit IO). This has managed to establish a comparison of both, generating a discussion according to the advantages and disadvantages addressed by each proposal and obtaining a saving of potable water in the irrigation of plants.

scholarly journals Sustainable Bio-Adsorbent for Treatment of Nitrate, Fluoride and TDS in Groundwater

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anupam Singhal ◽  
Rajiv Gupta ◽  
Arun Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biosorption Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Materials

The quality of groundwater and surface water bodies have been analyzed globally and showed that 23% of primary drinking water sources have more than permissible limits of pollutants’ concentration. A major part of the world suffers from high concentrations of Nitrate, Fluoride and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water. Therefore, the present work focuses on the treatment of these three parameters. There are many processes available to remove and reduce the higher concentration of the aforesaid pollutants in water with advantages and disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages of these processes is the sustainability and availability of treating materials. In this regard, the work explores different agricultural materials (nine to be exact) for reduction of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS in water. It is found that most of the materials have the potential to reduce either of one contaminant. However, only potato gel has shown potential in reduction of all three contaminants', i.e. Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS, concentration. The Isotherm plots indicate that Nitrate and TDS biosorption mechanism follows the Langmuir Isotherm while Fluoride biosorption follows the Freundlich Isotherm. Optimization is carried out, using batch and continuous study, in terms of time and mass of adsorbent against the concentration of the contaminant. Adsorption column tests indicate the reduction of 89%, 92% and 86% in the concentration of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS respectively by potato gel.

scholarly journals Soil Moisture Sensor-based Systems are Suitable for Monitoring and Controlling Irrigation of Greenhouse Crops

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
David Gholami ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Microclimate Variation

Sensor-based feedback control irrigation systems have been increasingly explored for greenhouse applications. However, the relationships between microclimate variation, plant water usage, and growth are not well understood. A series of trials were conducted to investigate the microclimate variations in different greenhouses and whether a soil moisture sensor-based system can be used in monitoring and controlling irrigation in greenhouse crop productions. Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese Gigante’ basil and Campanula portenschlagiana ‘Get Mee’ bellflowers were monitored using soil moisture sensors for an entire crop cycle at two commercial greenhouses. Significant variations in greenhouse microclimates were observed within the two commercial greenhouses and within an older research greenhouse. Evaporation rates were measured and used as an integrated indicator of greenhouse microclimate conditions. Evaporation rates varied within all three greenhouses and were almost double the lowest rates within one of the greenhouses, suggesting microclimates within a range of greenhouses. Although these microclimate variations caused large variations in the growing substrate water contents of containers within the greenhouses, the growth and quality of the plants were unaffected. For example, no significant correlations were observed between the growth of bellflower plants and the average volumetric water content (VWC), minimum VWC, or maximum VWC of the growing substrate. The change in VWC at each irrigation (ΔVWC), however, was positively correlated with the fresh weight, dry weight, and growth index (GI) of the bellflowers. For basil, no significant correlations were observed between plant growth and ΔVWC. This suggests that sensor-based feedback irrigation systems can be used for greenhouse crop production when considerations are given to factors such as the magnitude of microclimate variation, crop species and its sensitivity to water stress, and growing substrate.

Specific water consumption for households in 2014

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Per Capita

This water consumption is expressed in liters/capita/day. The consumption of potable water is widely variable, with a large gap between cities. Household consumption per capita varies from 28 to 631 liters per day, a factor of 20. The full data are available online. For more information, visit: www.waterstatistics.org Drinking water Supply

The Bottled Water Market and Consumer Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 794-805
Author(s):  
Mustafe Pllana ◽  
Arbenita Qosa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Food And Drink

This article describes how packaged water consumption has risen sharply in the world over the past 30 years. It is the most dynamic sector of the food and drink industry. The growth of bottled water sales is the contribution of the marketing activities, promotion, and aggressive sales. Is there a difference between bottled water and tap water? Opinions are divided. Some are for bottled water, some for tap water. World consumption of bottled water in 2013 was 70,371.6 million gallons or more than consumption in 2008 for 6.2%. Kosovo is a small country with a small purchasing power. In recent years, Kosovo has increased the use of packaged water by the population, due to a lack of viable drinking water running to the water network, and also as a result of social changes and the mentality of people. This article will deal with Kosovo's market developments, consumer behavior and factors that affect the behavior of purchases.

scholarly journals USAGE PATTERN OF HOUSEHOLD DRINKING WATER IN DIARRHEA IN LAND OF BUMBU YEAR 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dicky Andiarsa ◽  
Syarif Hidayat ◽  
Ika Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Usage Pattern ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACTDiarrhea has been long a public health concern in the world especially to infants and children. Diarrhea can be caused by many factors including sanitation, clean and healthy behavior, and access to clean water, consumption of drinking water and food, and so on. The results of the research in Tanah Bumbu Regency stated that some of the main causes related to the incidence of diarrhea in Tanah Bumbu Regency included Sanitation, Healthy and clean behavior, clean water access, and drinking water access. Secondary data analysis held to define the scheme of drinking water consumption in families with diarrhea patients in Tanah Bumbu Regency. The result showed that the most families with diarrhea consumed refill drinking water (67.06%) with most of them did not do any pre-treatment to the water (81.55%). The water consuming pattern has been changed to community of Tanah Bumbu Regency by consuming refilling water. Processing (boiling) refilling water before drinking can reduce the risk of diarrhea.Keywords: refilling drinking water, diarrhea, drinking water consumption patterns

scholarly journals Possibilities of drip irrigation of vegetables in agricultural land of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
N M Ilkhamov ◽  
I G Kurbanov ◽  
J Kh Aliev ◽  
S E Ganiev ◽  
Ch V Toshpulatov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
World Agriculture ◽  
Pest Density

Abstract Reducing water consumption in crop irrigation in the world agriculture, studying soil moisture and water consumption by different irrigation methods, improving soil agrophysical properties and increasing productivity, as well as increasing the productivity of vegetable crops by various irrigation methods and improving phytosanitary conditions (weed and pest density, disease). Extensive research is being conducted to assess the level of one of the most pressing issues in agriculture is the development, improvement and widespread introduction of cost-effective irrigation methods in the spring and summer planting and care of vegetable crops in conditions of water scarcity.

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