scholarly journals Effectiveness of Livewell Additives on Largemouth Bass Survival

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Ostrand ◽  
Michael J. Siepker ◽  
David H. Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Ambient Water Temperature ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Abstract Livewell conditions during competitive angling events are thought to affect fish mortality. We examined the effects of livewell additives on initial and delayed mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. We applied three treatments (salt, ice, or salt and ice) to livewells during tournaments conducted on lakes in Illinois, United States, as well as in laboratory and pond experiments designed to examine the effects of fish size and ambient water temperature on mortality. Fish were collected after tournament weigh-in procedures were completed and monitored for delayed mortality every 24 h for 5 d. Initial mortality did not differ among livewell additives during these field experiments. Although delayed mortality was high (35%), it was not significantly different among livewells that contained salt (56%), ice (48%), ice and salt (40%), and controls (30%). Additives administered during the laboratory experiments, at cool water temperatures, resulted in significantly lower delayed mortalities than those observed during the field experiments when ambient water temperatures were warmer. Initial and delayed mortality did not differ among livewell additives during the laboratory experiments. Larger fish in field experiments had significantly greater delayed mortality than smaller fish in the pond experiments even though initial and delayed mortality did not differ among livewell additives. Our results suggest that fish size and ambient water temperature have a greater influence on delayed mortality observed during competitive angling events than the specific livewell additives studied here.

Effect of Water Temperature on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Composition of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Tidwell ◽  
Shawn D. Coyle ◽  
Leigh Anne Bright ◽  
Aaron Van Arnum ◽  
David Yasharian
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Effect Of Water

Diving behavior in relation to ambient water temperature in northern elephant seals

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hakoyama ◽  
Burney J. Le Boeuf ◽  
Yasuhiko Naito ◽  
Wataru Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Mirounga Angustirostris ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Northern Elephant Seal ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Northern Elephant Seals ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Ambient Water Temperature

Our aim was to describe changes in ambient water temperature during the course of migration by northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and to examine evidence for the seal using abrupt temperature gradients for locating prey. During migration in the post breeding season, the diving patterns of 10 adult females and 7 breeding-age males from Año Nuevo, California, were recorded with time–depth recorders in 1989–1991. Recorded sea surface temperatures declined from 11–13 °C to a low of 3–9 °C as the seals moved north and increased as they returned. Depth of diving was not closely linked to sharp thermal gradients. A thermocline was evident only at the beginning and end of the migration in less than 100 m of water, where less than 2% of diving takes place. There were sex differences in the temperature range at the depths where 75% of diving and foraging occurred, owing in part to habitat separation. The temperatures were lower and the range narrower for females (4.2–5.2 °C at 388–622 m) than for males (5.3–6.0 °C at 179–439 m). We conclude that the northern elephant seal habitat does not provide abrupt changes in temperature that might serve as important cues for locating prey.

Longevity, Body Size, and Growth in Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1838-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bror Jonsson ◽  
Jan Henning L'Abée-Lund ◽  
Tor G. Heggberget ◽  
Arne J. Jensen ◽  
Bjørn O. Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Ambient Water Temperature ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Interpopulation Variation ◽  
Temperature And Growth

Longevity in 25 populations of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) showed a significant trend with increasing life span at latitudes of 58–70°N in Norway, with the largest change from 58 to 60°N. Moreover, longevity was negatively correlated with temperature and growth rate in freshwater and at sea. Body size was negatively correlated with water temperature and growth rate in freshwater, but not with latitude or water temperature and growth rate at sea. Thus, conditions influencing development and metabolic rates in fresh water seem more important than conditions in the sea in determining variation in longevity and body size of anadromous brown trout. Our results support the hypothesis that interpopulation variation in longevity and body size is influenced by rate of metabolism, chiefly influenced by ambient water temperature.

Physiological Responses of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides, Exposed to Salinity

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2358-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Meador ◽  
W. E. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Plasma Chemistry ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Active Ion Transport

Plasma osmotic and electrolyte concentrations as well as branchial Na+/K+ and Mg++ ATPase activities were determined in the field for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, from a brackish marsh and freshwater lake in southcentral Louisiana. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate plasma chemistry and gill ATPase activities of largemouth bass from both locations exposed to 0, 4, 8, and 12‰ salinity. No significant differences in physiological responses were detected between marsh and freshwater largemouth bass exposed to 0, 4, or 12‰. Exposure to 12‰ salinity resulted in osmotic stress in largemouth bass from both locations. At 8‰, marsh largemouth bass had significantly higher plasma solutes and lower gill ATPase activities than freshwater fish. Different physiological responses by marsh and freshwater largemouth bass during exposure to 8‰ salinity indicated that marsh largemouth bass have adapted to environments of variable salinity by reducing active ion transport and tolerating elevated plasma son levels.

Intersexual variation in the seasonal behaviour and depth distribution of a freshwater temperate fish, the largemouth bass

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Hanson ◽  
C. T. Hasler ◽  
S. J. Cooke ◽  
C. D. Suski ◽  
D. P. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Seasonal Behaviour ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hydrophone Array ◽  
Temperate Fish

Because fish are poikilothermic, water temperature is regarded as a primary factor influencing their activity and behaviour. Rarely have field studies been conducted with the spatiotemporal resolution to enable rigorous quantitative assessments of that relationship. Furthermore, there have been few studies that have considered the influence of sex on the seasonal behaviour of fish. Twenty largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)) were implanted with coded acoustic telemetry transmitters and remotely tracked in near real time in a small lake in Ontario, Canada, via a whole-lake hydrophone array between 1 November 2004 and 30 September 2005. Fish inhabited the deepest waters and were least active during the winter months under ice. During the warmest months, fish were most active and inhabited the littoral zone. Sex-specific differences were noted year-round. Reproductive males were less active and inhabited shallower depths during the spawning and post-reproductive periods. Reproductive males inhabited the deepest depths during winter and fall, with nonreproductive males at the shallowest depths. Throughout the year, the behaviour of nonreproductive males and females was similar. While differences in behaviour of bass are primarily driven by water temperature, sex and reproductive status play important roles year-round, especially during and after the reproductive period.

Influence of Temperature and Light on Rates of Inorganic Nitrogen Transport by Algae in an Arctic Lake

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1310-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Whalen ◽  
V. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Arctic Lake ◽  
Light Dependence ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Half Saturation Constant ◽  
Ambient Water Temperature ◽  
The Individual

Nitrogen-15 tracer techniques were used to assess the individual effects of temperature and light on maximum rates of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) transport by phytoplankton in an arctic lake. Transport rates of NO3− and NH4+ as a function of temperature in the range 3–30 °C were adequately described by second- or third-order polynomial functions. The optimum temperature for DIN transport was greater than the ambient water temperature by as much as 13°; thus, transport at the ambient water temperature averaged only 55–60% of optimum. Mean temperature coefficients [Formula: see text] for NO3− and NH4+ transport in the temperature range >0–15 °C were 2.3 ± 0.5 and 2.4 ± 0.3. The ratio of dark to light-saturated DIN transport (ρD/ρL) was used as a measure of light dependence in maximum rates of DIN transport. Values of ρD/ρL[Formula: see text] for NO3− and NH4+ were 0.15 ± 0.09 and 0.41 ± 0.11, indicating a stronger light dependence for NO3− than NH4+ transport. In cases where dark NO3− transport was negligible, light was treated as a substrate and the Michaelis–Menten relationship fitted to the data. The half-saturation constant for light intensity in maximum NO3− transport ranged from 7 to 29 μE∙m−2∙s−1, which was 6–31% of the photosynthetically active radiation at the lake surface.

Effect of water temperature on laboratory swimming performance and natural activity levels of adult largemouth bass

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb T. Hasler ◽  
Cory D. Suski ◽  
Kyle C. Hanson ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
David P. Philipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Natural Activity

Although locomotory performance in vertebrates is related to fitness, most performance tests are conducted in a laboratory setting, or in a manner that forces the organism to move not of their own volition. Biotelemetry offers the possibility to measure voluntary activity in a natural setting and provides the opportunity to combine laboratory-derived data with field studies on wild fish. In this study, it was found that laboratory- and field-based measurements of swimming performance and voluntary activity resulted in similar general seasonal trends, though each measurement assessed a different swimming type. In the field, all swimming metrics were lower at cooler water temperatures and were lowest during early winter (mean daily activity = 0.016 BL/s; mean voluntary swimming activity = 0.04319 BL/s; maximum swimming speed = 0.17 BL/s). In the laboratory, fish acclimatized to 25.0, 14.0, and 7.5 °C decreased swimming performance (Ucrit) with water temperature (25.0 °C (2.17 BL/s); 14.0 °C (1.69 BL/s); 7.5 °C (1.17 BL/s). Although some species and tissues have been shown to exhibit different degrees of thermal adaptation, these results show that swimming, one of the most important functions in fish, is largely dependent on environmental temperature, at least in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)).

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