GENERATION OF RECTANGULAR BIPHASIC WAVEFORM TO DECREASE DEFIBRILLATION THRESHOLD FOR EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Ayoub Kavousi ◽  
Valiallah Saba
Keyword(s):  
Prototype Model ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Defibrillation Threshold ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
A Value ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Biphasic Waveform ◽  
In Series ◽  
Duration Relationship ◽  
External Defibrillator

Studies have shown that defibrillation threshold for current amplitude of biphasic truncated exponential (BTE) waveform has a hyperbolic strength–duration relationship. Theoretical and experimental results have shown that decreasing the tilt of BTE waveforms decreases the defibrillation threshold. On the other hand, low peak current waveform reduces probability of myocardium damage and burn. Therefore, achieving a waveform with low tilt and low peak current is desired. All DC defibrillators use a capacitor to store and deliver required energy. Because of capacitor discharging nature, the tilt of waveforms is high. In rectilinear biphasic waveform (RBW), which was generated by ZOLL M-series defibrillator, the tilt of the first phase was decreased using an adjustable resistor connected in series with current path. But the defibrillator cannot keep the current constant in the second phase and in the both phases for high transthoracic impedances (TTI) either. In this paper, for solving these problems, a circuit that generates rectangular biphasic waveform is designed. In this circuit, five resistors are used and connected in series. Then an IGBT switch is connected to each resistor in parallel. Also, control of minimum current ripple is applied in order to decide which resistors should be worked in each time. The circuit is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and a prototype model is constructed. Results demonstrate that the tilt of the waveform is notably reduced to a value less than 10%.

Abstract 9386: Ramp Biphasic Waveforms Have a Lower External Defibrillation Threshold

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Gregory P Walcott ◽  
Raymond E Ideker
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Defibrillation Threshold ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Biphasic Waveform ◽  
Internal Defibrillation

Introduction: We have previously shown that waveforms with an ascending ramp in both phases have a lower internal defibrillation threshold (DFT). The purpose of this study was to test whether waveforms with rectilinear, ascending and descending ramps in the second phase would reduce the DFT compared with a standard exponential biphasic waveform with external defibrillation shocks. Methods: In 6 pigs, DFTs were determined for 10 waveforms: a standard truncated exponential biphasic waveform with 60% tilt (Fig 1, #1) and 9 biphasic waveforms with an 8 ms ascending ramp 1st phase and one of 3 rectilinear, ascending ramp or descending ramp 2nd phases. The 3 rectilinear 2nd phases were: 1 ms, 200% of peak voltage of phase 1 (#2); 2 ms, same voltage as phase (#3); 3 ms, half the voltage of phase 1 (#4). The 3 ascending ramp 2nd phases were: 2 ms, 200% of voltage of phase 1(#5); 3 ms, same voltage as phase 1(#6); 4.5 ms, half the voltage of phase 1(#7). The 3 descending ramp 2nd phases were: 2 ms, 200% of voltage of phase 1(#8); 3 ms, same voltage as phase 1(#9); 4.5 ms, half the voltage of phase 1(#10). Results: Phase 2 ascending ramp (#7) and descending ramp (#8, #9) waveforms had the lowest DFTs, which were significantly smaller than for the truncated exponential waveform. (Fig 1, *indicates p<0.05). Conclusions: Waveforms with a ramp in phase 2 (#7, #8, #9) have a lower DFT.

The Gurvich waveform has lower defibrillation threshold than the rectilinear waveform and the truncated exponential waveform in the rabbit heart

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujian Qu ◽  
Fidel Zarubin ◽  
Brian Wollenzier ◽  
Vladimir P Nikolski ◽  
Igor R Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Defibrillation Threshold ◽  
Biphasic Waveform ◽  
Transmembrane Action Potentials ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Response Transfer ◽  
External Defibrillator

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator studies have established the superiority of biphasic waveforms over monophasic waveforms. However, external defibrillator studies of biphasic waveforms are not as widespread. Our objective was to compare the defibrillation efficacy of clinically used biphasic waveforms, i.e., truncated exponential, rectilinear, and quasi-sinusoidal (Gurvich) waveforms in a fibrillating heart model. Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 10) were stained with a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye, Di-4-ANEPPS. Transmembrane action potentials were optically mapped from the anterior epicardium. We found that the Gurvich waveform was significantly superior (p < 0.05) to the rectilinear and truncated exponential waveforms. The defibrillation thresholds (mean ± SE) were as follows: Gurvich, 0.25 ± 0.01 J; rectilinear-1, 0.34 ± 0.01 J; rectilinear-2, 0.33 ± 0.01 J; and truncated exponential, 0.32 ± 0.02 J. Using optically recorded transmembrane responses, we determined the shock-response transfer function, which allowed us to predict the cellular response to waveforms at high accuracy. The passive parallel resistor-capacitor model (RC-model) predicted polarization superiority of the Gurvich waveform in the myocardium with a membrane time constant (τm) of less than 2 ms. The finding of a lower defibrillation threshold with the Gurvich waveform in an in vitro model of external defibrillation suggests that the Gurvich waveform may be important for future external defibrillator designs.Key words: defibrillation, optical mapping, biphasic waveform, Gurvich waveform.

scholarly journals Sistem Pintu Otomatis Menggunakan E-KTP Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) pada Kamar Hotel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Yulisman ◽  
Naziful Iman ◽  
Eka Sabna ◽  
Hendry Fonda
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Card Reader ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
A Value ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Hotel Security ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Internet Of Thing

The system of opening and closing the hotel room doors is already using RFID but its use is still not optimal because the card used is very expensive and the card used can only be one card for each room, so if the card is lost, you have to re-enter the card id. Therefore, digital electronic technology systems and devices are needed to make it easier to open the door and close the hotel room so that it can facilitate the hotel security system with automatic locks. This system and device uses an E-KTP and an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based Keypad and which functions to control the device using a NodeMCU while for a card reader with an RFID engine. The research method uses a model, namely with a prototype model for making systems and automatic room door locking system tools. The results and conclusions of the manufacture of hotel room automatic door locking systems and devices using an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based E-KTP equipped with a message LCD and keypad as a door opening solution if the RFID machine does not work. The security of hotel guests who stay is more guaranteed and can also make it easier for guests and hotel staff with an automatic hotel room door lock system. The results of the user's assessment of the work of a series of systems and tools to open and lock this automatic hotel room door are very good with a value of 88.7%.

Enhanced output-power of nanogenerator by modifying PDMS film with lateral ZnO nanotubes and Ag nanowires

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (41) ◽  
pp. 32566-32571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xule Yue ◽  
Yi Xi ◽  
Chenguo Hu ◽  
Xianming He ◽  
Shuge Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Pdms Film ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Maximum Peak ◽  
Hybrid Nanogenerator ◽  
Zno Nanotubes ◽  
Ag Nanowires ◽  
In Series

Design of hybrid nanogenerator that can simultaneously light up 99 commercial blue LEDs connected in series. Additionally, by placing a hand on the nanogenerator the maximum peak current could reach 115 μA.

scholarly journals BIODEGRADASI REMAZOL BRILIANT BLUE DALAM SISTEM BIOFILTRASI VERTIKAL DENGAN INOKULUM BAKTERI DARI SEDIMEN SUNGAI MATI IMAM BONJOL DENPASAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh Putri Kriswidatari ◽  
I W Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I Made Siaka
Keyword(s):  
Active Suspension ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Volatile Suspended Solid ◽  
A Value ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum

BIODEGRADATION REMAZOL BRILLIANT BLUE IN VERTICAL FILTRATION SYSTEM WITH INOKULUM BACTERIA FROM DIED SEDIMEN RIVER IMAM BONJOL DENPASARThe biodegradation research of Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) has been done in vertical biofiltration systems with bacterial inoculum that had seed from soil Mati River Imam Bonjol Denpasar. This aims of research are to obtain the best active suspension grown from soil samples of Mati river sediment and to determine the magnitude of the effectiveness and capacity of biosystem . The artificial waste water of RBB has made with a concentration of 200 mg/L. In the first phase, the best active suspension is obtained by determining the value of VSS ( Volatile Suspended Solid ) is the highest as a source of inoculum of bacteria capable of degrading RBB. While the second phase, the effectiveness and capacity of biosystem is obtained by determining the levels of waste of artificial RBB vertical biofiltration system (biosystem). Biofilm has made with attached bacteria consortium in volcanic rock for 7 days. RBB subsequently incoporated into it to determine the concentration of it and to determine the effectiveness and capacity and identified the bacteria contained in biosystem. The results showed the best sludge active from soil sediments of the Mati River Imam Bonjol Gang Keladian with a value of Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS) highest of 17200 mg/L when the sreeding time of 48 hours. The results of processing using biosystem known to decreased when the processing time from 6 hours up to 114 hours, from concentration of 200 mg/L to 19.6211 mg/L. Then the prosses has increased again into 19.8209 mg/L at the time to 120 hours. The highest effectivity of biosystem to degrading remazol brilliant blue of  90.19 % for 114 hours , while the highest capacity is obtained from the biosystem is 1.6525 x mg /g for 114 hours. The bacteria that act to decreased identified as Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp . and Plesiomonas sp, with Pseudomonas sp more dominant in the  degrading of dye RBB. The value of the colonists before degradation of 7.2 x CFU/gr and the value after the degradation of 2.6 x CFU/gr.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Electronic Fuse (iFuse) to Enable Short-Circuit Fault-Tolerant Operation of Power Electronic Converters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alber Filba-Martinez ◽  
Salvador Alepuz ◽  
Sergio Busquets-Monge ◽  
Adria Luque ◽  
Josep Bordonau
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Power Electronic Converters ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Current Path ◽  
In Series ◽  
Short Circuit Fault ◽  
Short Circuit Currents

The present paper proposes a novel device defined as an intelligent electronic fuse (iFuse) meant to be connected in series with any current-bidirectional voltage-unidirectional active switch present in a given converter. The iFuse duty is to isolate its series- associated switch from the rest of the converter circuit immediately after detecting that said switch has failed in short circuit. Nonetheless, it maintains the reverse (free- wheeling) current path originally offered by the failed switch. The failure detection is performed when the failed switch causes a shoot-through event. Therefore, the iFuse is designed to be able to block the elevated current occurring in such event. The iFuse allows increasing the fault-tolerant capability and the reliability of power converters where such qualities are hindered by switch short-circuit failures, as in converters featuring parallelized switches, neutral-point-clamped multilevel topologies, or redundant legs. The feasibility of the iFuse device is verified through experimental tests, proving that the device is able to detect the failure of its associated switch and isolate it from the rest of the converter circuit in 6 μs, while stopping short-circuit currents of up to 1 kA without incurring in harmful di/dt values.

scholarly journals A Novel Set of Geometric Verification Test Fields with Application to Distance Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gilleland ◽  
Gregor Skok ◽  
Barbara G. Brown ◽  
Barbara Casati ◽  
Manfred Dorninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
A Value ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Domain Iii

Abstract As part of the second phase of the spatial forecast verification intercomparison project (ICP), dubbed the Mesoscale Verification Intercomparison in Complex Terrain (MesoVICT) project, a new set of idealized test fields is prepared. This paper describes these new fields and their rationale and uses them to analyze a number of summary measures associated with distance and geometric-based approaches. The results provide guidance about how they inform about performance under various scenarios. The new case comparisons are grouped into four categories: (i) pathological situations such as when a variable is zero valued at all grid points; (ii) circular events aimed at evaluating how different methods handle contrived situations, such as equal but opposite translations, the presence of multiple events of same/different size, boundary effects, and the influence of the positioning of events in the domain; (iii) elliptical events representing simplified scenarios that mimic commonly encountered weather phenomena in complex terrain; and (iv) cases aimed at analyzing how the verification methods handle small-scale scattered events, very large events with holes (e.g., a small portion of clear sky on a cloudy overcast day), and the presence of noise in one or both fields. Results show that all analyzed measures perform poorly in the pathological setting. They are either not able to provide a result at all or they instigate a special rule to prescribe a value resulting in erratic results. The analysis also showed that methods provide similar information in many situations, but that each has its positive properties along with certain unique limitations.

scholarly journals Development of Mobile Learning-based Edugame on Respiratory System Material to Improve Students' Digital Literacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferlita Kale ◽  
Risya Pramana Situmorang ◽  
Susanti Pudji Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Content Expert ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Addie Model

The purpose of this study aims to develop mobile learning based edugame based on product feasibility and test the effectiveness of mobile learning based Edugame in improving digital literacy in students. The instruments used are tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets. The research subjects were grade XI of Senior High School at Salatiga. This research was carried out through two phases, namely the first phase of developing mobile learning based edugame using the ADDIE model and the second phase testing the mobile learning based Edugame developed to analyze its effectiveness. From the results of the trial find: 1) mobile learning based edugame developed valid with an average value of 82,24% (content expert) good category and 84,02 (media expert) good category, 2) the practicality of mobile learning based Edugame seen from student response questionnaires with a value of 81,25% good category, 3) the effectiveness of mobile learning based Edugame in terms of digital literacy completeness, namely 3,42 very good category

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