Automatic, Dimensional and Continuous Emotion Recognition

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Gunes ◽  
Maja Pantic
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Machine Analysis

Recognition and analysis of human emotions have attracted a lot of interest in the past two decades and have been researched extensively in neuroscience, psychology, cognitive sciences, and computer sciences. Most of the past research in machine analysis of human emotion has focused on recognition of prototypic expressions of six basic emotions based on data that has been posed on demand and acquired in laboratory settings. More recently, there has been a shift toward recognition of affective displays recorded in naturalistic settings as driven by real world applications. This shift in affective computing research is aimed toward subtle, continuous, and context-specific interpretations of affective displays recorded in real-world settings and toward combining multiple modalities for analysis and recognition of human emotion. Accordingly, this paper explores recent advances in dimensional and continuous affect modelling, sensing, and automatic recognition from visual, audio, tactile, and brain-wave modalities.

Automatic, Dimensional and Continuous Emotion Recognition

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Gunes ◽  
Maja Pantic
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Machine Analysis

Recognition and analysis of human emotions have attracted a lot of interest in the past two decades and have been researched extensively in neuroscience, psychology, cognitive sciences, and computer sciences. Most of the past research in machine analysis of human emotion has focused on recognition of prototypic expressions of six basic emotions based on data that has been posed on demand and acquired in laboratory settings. More recently, there has been a shift toward recognition of affective displays recorded in naturalistic settings as driven by real world applications. This shift in affective computing research is aimed toward subtle, continuous, and context-specific interpretations of affective displays recorded in real-world settings and toward combining multiple modalities for analysis and recognition of human emotion. Accordingly, this article explores recent advances in dimensional and continuous affect modeling, sensing, and automatic recognition from visual, audio, tactile, and brain-wave modalities.

scholarly journals A Systematic Methodology on Class Imbalanced Problems involved in the Classification of Real-World Datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7071-7081
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Studies

Current generation real-world data sets processed through machine learning are imbalanced by nature. This imbalanced data enables the researchers with a challenging scenario in the context of perdition for both the machine learning and data mining algorithms. It is observed from the past research studies most of the imbalanced data sets consists of the major classes and minor classes and the major class leads the minor class. Several standards and hybrid prediction algorithms are proposed in various application domains but in most of the real-time data sets analyzed in the studies are imbalanced by nature thereby affecting the accuracy of the prediction. This paper presents a systematic survey of the past research studies to analyze intrinsic data characteristics and techniques utilized for handling class-imbalanced data. In addition, this study reveals the research gaps, trends and patterns in existing studies and discusses briefly on future research directions

Perception of Emotional Expressions in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chit Yuen Yi ◽  
Matthew W. E. Murry ◽  
Amy L. Gentzler
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
State Level ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

Abstract. Past research suggests that transient mood influences the perception of facial expressions of emotion, but relatively little is known about how trait-level emotionality (i.e., temperament) may influence emotion perception or interact with mood in this process. Consequently, we extended earlier work by examining how temperamental dimensions of negative emotionality and extraversion were associated with the perception accuracy and perceived intensity of three basic emotions and how the trait-level temperamental effect interacted with state-level self-reported mood in a sample of 88 adults (27 men, 18–51 years of age). The results indicated that higher levels of negative mood were associated with higher perception accuracy of angry and sad facial expressions, and higher levels of perceived intensity of anger. For perceived intensity of sadness, negative mood was associated with lower levels of perceived intensity, whereas negative emotionality was associated with higher levels of perceived intensity of sadness. Overall, our findings added to the limited literature on adult temperament and emotion perception.

Exploring the Boundaries of the Number–Temporal Order Association

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ganor-Stern
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Negative Number ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
The Past

Past research has shown that numbers are associated with order in time such that performance in a numerical comparison task is enhanced when number pairs appear in ascending order, when the larger number follows the smaller one. This was found in the past for the integers 1–9 ( Ben-Meir, Ganor-Stern, & Tzelgov, 2013 ; Müller & Schwarz, 2008 ). In the present study we explored whether the advantage for processing numbers in ascending order exists also for fractions and negative numbers. The results demonstrate this advantage for fraction pairs and for integer-fraction pairs. However, the opposite advantage for descending order was found for negative numbers and for positive-negative number pairs. These findings are interpreted in the context of embodied cognition approaches and current theories on the mental representation of fractions and negative numbers.

scholarly journals Restoring the real world records in Men’s swimming without high-tech swimsuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Gao ◽  
Yixing Li ◽  
Zhengxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Optimal Estimates ◽  
World Records ◽  
And Training

AbstractThe recently concluded 2019 World Swimming Championships was another major swimming competition that witnessed some great progresses achieved by human athletes in many events. However, some world records created 10 years ago back in the era of high-tech swimsuits remained untouched. With the advancements in technical skills and training methods in the past decade, the inability to break those world records is a strong indication that records with the swimsuit bonus cannot reflect the real progressions achieved by human athletes in history. Many swimming professionals and enthusiasts are eager to know a measure of the real world records had the high-tech swimsuits never been allowed. This paper attempts to restore the real world records in Men’s swimming without high-tech swimsuits by integrating various advanced methods in probabilistic modeling and optimization. Through the modeling and separation of swimsuit bias, natural improvement, and athletes’ intrinsic performance, the result of this paper provides the optimal estimates and the 95% confidence intervals for the real world records. The proposed methodology can also be applied to a variety of similar studies with multi-factor considerations.

scholarly journals Ecodesign—A Review of Reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Malte Schäfer ◽  
Manuel Löwer
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Over Time

With the intent of summing up the past research on ecodesign and making it more accessible, we gather findings from 106 existing review articles in this field. Five research questions on terminology, evolution, barriers and success factors, methods and tools, and synergies, guide the clustering of the resulting 608 statements extracted from the reference. The quantitative analysis reveals that the number of review articles has been increasing over time. Furthermore, most statements originate from Europe, are published in journals, and address barriers and success factors. For the qualitative analysis, the findings are grouped according to the research question they address. We find that several names for similar concepts exist, with ecodesign being the most popular one. It has evolved from “end-of-pipe” pollution prevention to a more systemic concept, and addresses the complete life cycle. Barriers and success factors extend beyond the product development team to management, customers, policymakers, and educators. The number of ecodesign methods and tools available to address them is large, and more reviewing, testing, validation, and categorization of the existing ones is necessary. Synergies between ecodesign and other research disciplines exist in theory, but require implementation and testing in practice.

scholarly journals Water accounting for water management at the river basin scale in India: approaches and gaps

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-788
Author(s):  
Nitin Bassi ◽  
Guido Schmidt ◽  
Lucia De Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Past Research ◽  
River Basin Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Water Accounting ◽  
Accounting Approaches ◽  
National Water

Abstract The main objective of this research paper is to assess the extent to which the concept of water accounting has been applied for water management at the river basin scale in India. For this, the study first assesses the importance given to the use of water accounting for water management in India's national water policy. It then analyses the evolution of water accounting approaches in India through a systematic review of the past research studies on the theme. Further, it looks at their contribution to decision-making concerning allocation of water resources and resolving conflicts over water sharing. Finally, it identifies the existing gaps in the methodologies for water accounting so far used in India.

scholarly journals Special issue on ‘Program development’

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 423-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURICE BRUYNOOGHE ◽  
KUNG-KIU LAU
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Program Development ◽  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Logic Program ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Logical Foundations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specification Synthesis

This special issue marks the tenth anniversary of the LOPSTR workshop. LOPSTR started in 1991 as a workshop on Logic Program Synthesis and Transformation, but later it broadened its scope to logic-based Program Development in general.The motivating force behind LOPSTR has been a belief that declarative paradigms such as logic programming are better suited to program development tasks than traditional non-declarative ones such as the imperative paradigm. Specification, synthesis, transformation or specialisation, analysis, verification and debugging can all be given logical foundations, thus providing a unifying framework for the whole development process.In the past ten years or so, such a theoretical framework has indeed begun to emerge. Even tools have been implemented for analysis, verification and specialisation. However, it is fair to say that so far the focus has largely been on programming-in-the-small. So the future challenge is to apply or extend these techniques to programming-in-the-large, in order to tackle software engineering in the real world.

scholarly journals Chasing the green buck? Environmental activism in post-communist Baltic States

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timofey Agarin ◽  
Miķelis Grīviņš
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
International Networks ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Environment ◽  
Collapse Of Communism

The paper investigates the dynamics and volution of issues on the agenda of Baltic environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs) since the collapse of communism. The past research on Baltic environment activism suggests that these enjoy high visibility because they tapped the core societal views of natural environment as a crucial asset of a nation. As we demonstrate in this paper, the changes in agendas of Baltic environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs) make clear that the rhetorical toolbox of ‘national environment’ is often used to mainly achieve greater financial gains for individual members, rather than for society at large. We illustrate how the dearth of economic opportunities for domestic public has impacted perceptions of ‘nature’ advocated by the environmental activists, focussing specifically on national perceptions of ownership and the resulting actions appropriating ‘nature’ as a source for economic development, only tangentially attaining environmental outcomes on the way. The vision that the ‘environment’ is an economic resource allowed ENGO activists to cooperate with the domestic policymaking, while tapping international networks and donors for funding. Throughout the past decades they worked to secure their own and their members’ particularistic economic interests and, as we demonstrate, remained disengaged from the political process and failed to develop broader reproach with publics.

Real Bills, The Gold Standard, and Central Bank Policy

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Craig West
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Real World ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past

Students of the origins and accomplishments of government regulation of economic activity have open suspected that the laws on which regulation is based were addressed to problems and conditions of the past that no longer prevailed, or — what is worse — assumptions about the “real world” that are highly unrealistic. This is Professor West's main conclusion about the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, especially as regards its discount rate and international exchange policies.

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