Copyright and Digital Libraries

2013 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Christophe Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Right

Challenged by new technology, copyright is currently in turmoil. Increasingly regarded by the general public as a curb to the universal dissemination of knowledge, it seems to have no alternative but to include access to information in order to meet the challenges posed by the knowledge society.3 It might even be its ability to bring together opposing but complementary views that will guaranty its durability in the future and whether it can adapt to a new economic, technological and social environment. Copyright law has shown a remarkable ability to adapt to new developments in the past and has the necessary tools to ensure that this continues to be the case in the future, although the massive technological changes will probably require rethinking the mechanisms for its implementation. It is, therefore, necessary not to think in terms of opposing rights, but of the complementary nature of copyright and the right of access to information, so as to reconcile the two, which is both necessary and desirable. The issue of how to accommodate those two rights is of course of particular importance for libraries that wish to use the fantastic opportunities of digital technologies to both preserve and make accessible works in a easy and cost effective way to the public. Conceiving an optimal legal framework, allowing digital libraries to expand while at the same time securing a fair return to creators and editors might therefore constitutes one of the main challenges for copyright in the digital age. Accordingly, it will be necessary, first of all, to reiterate a number of basic principles of copyright law and carry out a brief historical survey. A study will then need to be carried out of how the advent of the information society has changed the existing balances. This will be followed by a brief discussion of recent developments in the legal provisions currently in force. This in turn would lead us to consider both the changes necessary to those provisions to ensure better access to information as well as certain initiatives that are either under way or planned, with the aim of striking a balance between the interests involved.

Copyright and Digital Libraries

2011 ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Right

Challenged by new technology, copyright is currently in turmoil. Increasingly regarded by the general public as a curb to the universal dissemination of knowledge, it seems to have no alternative but to include access to information in order to meet the challenges posed by the knowledge society.3 It might even be its ability to bring together opposing but complementary views that will guaranty its durability in the future and whether it can adapt to a new economic, technological and social environment. Copyright law has shown a remarkable ability to adapt to new developments in the past and has the necessary tools to ensure that this continues to be the case in the future, although the massive technological changes will probably require rethinking the mechanisms for its implementation. It is, therefore, necessary not to think in terms of opposing rights, but of the complementary nature of copyright and the right of access to information, so as to reconcile the two, which is both necessary and desirable. The issue of how to accommodate those two rights is of course of particular importance for libraries that wish to use the fantastic opportunities of digital technologies to both preserve and make accessible works in a easy and cost effective way to the public. Conceiving an optimal legal framework, allowing digital libraries to expand while at the same time securing a fair return to creators and editors might therefore constitutes one of the main challenges for copyright in the digital age. Accordingly, it will be necessary, first of all, to reiterate a number of basic principles of copyright law and carry out a brief historical survey. A study will then need to be carried out of how the advent of the information society has changed the existing balances. This will be followed by a brief discussion of recent developments in the legal provisions currently in force. This in turn would lead us to consider both the changes necessary to those provisions to ensure better access to information as well as certain initiatives that are either under way or planned, with the aim of striking a balance between the interests involved.

Intellectual Property Challenges in Digital Library Environments

2018 ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
James Macharia Tutu
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Copyright Ownership ◽  
The Right

Intellectual property poses a major challenge to digital libraries. This is because access to information in digital libraries is limited by laws, licenses and technology adopted by intellectual property owners. Similarly, intellectual property renders it difficult for digital libraries to make orphan works discoverable and accessible. Furthermore, intellectual property fragments copyright ownership, making it difficult for digital libraries to obtain the right clearance on content. To cope with these challenges, digital libraries have embraced the open access movement which allows reading, copying, downloading and sharing of digital content as long as the creators of the works are cited and acknowledged. Besides, digital libraries offer access to digital works produced under creative commons licenses. These licenses give the copyright owners the liberty to modify the copyright of their works to give room for sharing, use, and building upon the work.

Civil Marine Radar – A Review and a Way Ahead

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Short History ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Marine Radar

Civil Marine Radar (CMR) is now a mature instrument of some 50 years steady development. Following a short history, more to provide benchmarks of achievement than to satisfy historians, this paper examines what will drive the future development of CMR. The answer may not follow recent developments, but may well be the result of a fresh maritime modus operandi to fulfil the navigation, collision avoidance and safe passage needs of all types of craft operating in all types of water with different pressures and Operational Requirements (ORS). Having postulated fresh ORS, suggestions are made on how best to fulfil them in a logical and cost-effective manner.

scholarly journals Why HAL 9000 is not the future of intelligence analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Giangiuseppe Pili
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Future ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
The Right

Intelligence analysis is a core function of the intelligence process, and its goal is to synthesize reliable information to assist decision-makers to take a course of action toward an uncertain future. There is no escape from uncertainty, friction, and the fog of war. Since the dawn of human history, the present moment has been experienced as unpredictable, and the challenge of determining the right future through sound decisions has always existed. Investing in new technology, continually touted as the answer for analytic troubles, seems far less difficult in the short run than trying to find consensus about a long-term vision. It is easier to develop a nuclear missile, for example, than to give a universal definition of peace, and this is what the history of the XX century was all about. While intelligence analysis is still a necessary tool for decision-makers, it is unclear who or what will perform this function in the future. Though the solution cannot be only technological, the current trajectory tells a different story whereby the human analysts are removed from their central position to make way for Artificial Intelligence.

scholarly journals The Legal Framework and Barriers to Access to Environmental Information in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-172
Author(s):  
Abdulkader Mohammed Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access

Information plays a vital role, both in terms of its importance for a democratic order and as a prerequisite for public participation. Many countries have made provisions for access to information in their respective constitutions. The FDRE Constitution explicitly provides that everyone has the right to seek and receive information. The Freedom of Mass Media and Access to Information Proclamation –which entered into force in 2008– gives effect to this Constitutional guarantee. Moreover, the number of laws on different environmental issues is on the rise, and the same could be said of the multilateral environmental agreements that Ethiopia has ratified. Many of the laws incorporate the right of the public to access environmental information held by public bodies. Despite the existing legal framework, there are still notable barriers to access to environmental information. By analyzing the relevant laws, the aim of this article is to contribute to the dialogue on the constitutional right of access to information with particular emphasis on the legal framework on, and the barriers to, access to environmental information within the meaning of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration.

scholarly journals Copyright

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (03) ◽  
pp. 162-164
Author(s):  
P Smart
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Film Music ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Copyright Transfer ◽  
Right To Copy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

‘Talent is always conscious of its own abundance, and does not object to sharing.’ Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The First Circle When authors submit an article for publication, most publishers will ask for a signature from the author on a copyright form. The relationship between an author and the publisher is then a partnership but one that many authors are reluctant to enter into. After all, why should a publisher take copyright from an author of an article when the author had the idea and has done all the hard work for the content of the article? In response to this question, publishers will generally claim that copyright transfer agreements protect authors from copyright infringements such as plagiarism, libel and unauthorised uses as well as protecting the integrity of the article. Copyright in the UK was originally concerned with preventing the unlawful copying of printed material in the 17th century in response to the then new technology of book printing. The first copyright act in the UK, the Statute of Anne in 1710, was subtitled ‘An Act for the Encouragement of Learning’, and granted privileges and monopolies to book printers. Since then, copyright law has evolved to incorporate many forms of communication, including photography, film, music, computers, engraving, designs on t-shirts and digital technology among other forms of media. The most recent act in the UK is the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. While copyright covers an author’s right to copy, distribute and revise the work, it does not protect ideas – just their fixation or expression. The moment that an idea is fixed or expressed physically, copyright starts and does not have to be registered. In this article, Pippa Smart provides an overview of the legal framework that protects authors and publishers. Jyoti Shah, Commissioning Editor

The Future of Learning with Digital Libraries

2009 ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Chang Chew-Hung ◽  
John G. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Higher Order Learning ◽  
The Right

While the prospect of using digital libraries for learning becomes more appealing with growing repositories of resources, it is not clear what factors other than the use of technology, determine the learning outcome for an individual. The focus of research on using digital libraries for learning has been on the richness of information that digital libraries afford and on the ability of digital libraries to organize information for information query and research. Any meaningful learning activity using digital libraries must therefore utilize their features for exploration and information gathering around a well designed task or inquiry, to result in effective higher order learning outcomes. The design of the inquiry task is provided by a teacher or even devised by the student, but it is not necessarily inherent within the digital library. However, digital libraries have the capabilities to be more supportive of student learning by providing tools that support processes such as investigation, analysis, transduction of information and scaffolding of inquiry process. Often, students use the digital library for information gathering but turn to other software applications for organizing information and constructing the arguments and learning artifacts for the learning task. While it requires the teachers’—and maybe students’—resourcefulness to choose the right type of tool for the activity, the future of learning with digital libraries rests on integrating supportive tools into a seamless learning environment.

Virtual Currencies as Commodities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Chourou
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Network Computing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fundamental Transformation ◽  
The Way

The rapid advancement in encryption and network computing gave birth to new tools and products that have influenced the local and global economy alike. One recent and notable example is the emergence of virtual currencies, also known as cryptocurrencies or digital currencies. Virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin, introduced a fundamental transformation that affected the way goods, services, and assets are exchanged. As a result of their distributed ledgers based on blockchains, cryptocurrencies not only offer some unique advantages to the economy, investors, and consumers, but also pose considerable risks to users and challenges for regulators when fitting the new technology into the old legal framework. This chapter offers a nontechnical discussion of several aspects and features of virtual currencies and a glimpse at what the future may hold for these decentralized currencies.

15K Multistage Fracturing Completion System Addresses Operational Challenges, Improves Production Performance and Cost Savings in Openhole Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasim Serdar Rodoplu ◽  
Adegbenga O. Sobowale ◽  
Jon E. Hanson ◽  
Beau R. Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
The Right

Abstract Multistage fracturing (MSF) ball drop completion systems have been utilized around the globe for effectively treating formations completed as open hole and cemented. Multiple, high-rate hydraulic fracturing stages are pumped through these completions while gaining efficiency during pumping operations. A challenge within the industry was developing systems that are capable of higher pressures (greater than 10k psi) while still being able to be deployed in challenging openhole environments with minimum equipment and intervention requirements. This paper will discuss the planning, deployment and fracturing execution operations of an improved version of one of these systems. To be able to effectively utilize any MSF completion system; formation properties, deployment environment, lateral length, openhole size, liner size, and tubing movements during fracturing should be thoroughly analyzed and equally considered. To create a reliable system, another important consideration is how the system will be deployed; a long string to surface, or will it be deployed as part of a liner hanger system? In the case of the latter, it should be compatible with the liner hanger system by accommodating multiple balls to set and release the hanger system and actuate the openhole packers. In tight formation environments, where treating pressure differentials reaches as high as 15,000 psi during fracturing operations, openhole packers that are capable of holding these pressures in challenging openhole conditions are needed. Not only the packers but also the remaining completion system components need to be capable of withstanding, including burst, collapse, and ball-to-ball seat differential while simultaneously accommodating the pressure with cooling and ballooning induced tubing movement caused by these high pressure treatments. Improving such a robust design with innovative solutions, such as dissolvable frac balls that can handle 15,000 psi differential, optimizes the overall process. The completion design, deployment, and subsequent fracturing operations on a well showcases how effective consideration of components operates as a system can create a reliable MSF system. It also demonstrates how close collaboration between reservoir management, production engineering, completion experts, and vendor results in a coordination of efforts that eliminates operational hazards, thus ensuring smooth operations. The successful deployment of an openhole MSF completion system that can handle 15,000 psi with dissolving frac balls and eliminating openhole anchors helped pave the way to deal with tighter formations in an efficient and cost-effective manner. With the help of this new technology, the well planners were able to address operational challenges that would have otherwise required additional equipment or would have limited deployment capabilities. The engineering approach and design to develop this completion system and utilization in the right candidate confirmed the benefit of the novel completion for field development options.

scholarly journals Die Verwendung von Bearbeitungen urheberrechtlich geschützter Werke

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Haas
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Law ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Function

This study deals with the phenomenon of derivative works and the challenges it poses to copyright law. The author shows how the law should meet these challenges in the future; in doing so, she takes a close look at the economic function of copyright law. As a first approach, the author examines whether extensive interpretation of existing Swiss copyright limitations, such as the parody exception or the right to cite, leads to feasible solutions. As a second approach, she outlines and assesses possible solutions de lege ferenda. Her focus here lies on a new exception for creative derivatives, a fair use exception and an exception for non-commercial use for Swiss copyright law.

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