Regional Structure and Economic Development

2013 ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
David S. Bieri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The One ◽  
Classification Of Regions ◽  
Economic Regions

This chapter investigates several aspects of how local economic development and growth are shaped by regional differences in industrial structure on the one hand and interregional linkages on the other hand. The author begins by proposing an alternative regional classification of regions for U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) on the basis of clusters that were formed by principal component analysis from economic variables that are relevant for regional growth. These variables include labor productivity growth, measures of local industry mix, human capital, entrepreneurship, and innovation. He then uses these growth-based regional clusters to control the presence of cluster-specific fixed-effects when explaining the spatial characteristics of urban specialization and concentration in the United States. The empirical validity of these new economic regions are evaluated against alternative established classifications such as the BEA Regions, Crone’s (2005) Economic Regions, the Census Regions, and the Federal Reserve Districts. Looking specifically at the empirics of regional growth both in a traditional ß-convergence setting as well as a dynamic panel setting, the author examines the explanatory power of regional differences in economic structure such as industry concentration, employment specialization, and sectoral diversity.

The Suez Company's Concession in Egypt, 1854–1956: Modern Infrastructure and Local Economic Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Caroline Piquet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
National Economic ◽  
European Business ◽  
Full Benefit ◽  
The One

For over a century in Egypt, the Suez Canal Company reflected the role of the concession in European economic expansion overseas. Concession was a European business practice widespread in Egypt; it was an institution inherited from a system of privileges for Europeans since the Middle Ages. It promised a way for Egypt to adopt modern infrastructures and receive needed European help for digging the canal. The results of the Suez Company are indisputable: the desert of the Suez Isthmus became a lively economic region with active ports, growing cities, and an expanding labor force. And the region was linked to the rest of the country by a new road network. At the same time, however, the concession system denied Egypt full benefit of this infrastructure. The canal served the financial and strategic interests of the company, not the interests of the local economy. This outcome embodied all the contradictions of the concession system: on the one hand, concessions were a necessity for modern infrastructure development in Egypt; on the other, they were a hindrance to further national economic development.

Prospects for local economic development in the north of England under the coalition

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ward
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Agencies

Britain's coalition government, elected in 2010, is making radical changes to the institutions for local economic development in England, scrapping New Labour's Regional Development Agencies and setting up weak, non-statutory Local Enterprise Partnerships. However, sharp regional differences remain between the North and the South, and the new arrangements are unlikely to achieve the coalition's avowed aim of rebalancing the economy.

scholarly journals Are Metropolitan Areas Primed for Success? A Prosperity Risk Index for Evaluating Economic Development Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
Richard Sadler ◽  
Dayne Walling ◽  
Zac Buchalski ◽  
Alan Harris
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Regional Dynamics

Urban areas differ greatly in their exposure to economic change, their trajectory toward recovery and growth, and the extent to which development and equity are paired. Some of this differentiation can be explained by regional dynamics, policies, and migration flows that influence the composition of economic activity, land use, and population characteristics. Simultaneously, the fortunes of center cities are known to often correlate with metropolitan characteristics, yet the interaction of socio-spatial conditions with multi-level governance and development processes—particularly with respect to how prosperity is shared across municipal lines and is distributed among communities—is under-researched. In this article, we use a GIS-based and quantitative approach to characterize such patterns and evaluate regional differences among 117 mid-sized metropolitan areas in the Eastern US with a population between 250,000 and 2,500,000. Our analysis rests on initial GIS-based inquiries to define city, urbanized area, county, and core-based statistical area-level measures of municipal fragmentation, geographic sprawl, racial segregation, economic inequality, and overall poverty. These five characteristics are combined to propose a prosperity risk index for each region. Further, indicators of economic performance such as job and population growth are inverted to create an economic vulnerability index. An interaction model is run to determine relationships among the indices to highlight both the regional differences in these characteristics that became noticeably significant in the analysis and the linkages of spatial patterns of economic growth and social equity. Analyzing these multi-scalar regional dynamics illuminates the socio-spatial patterns that deserve attention in urban economic development theory and, subsequently, offers a framework for evaluating public policy and development practices. We likewise offer two comparisons of outliers as a means of illustrating potential directions urban areas can take toward economic development. These findings are valuable for local economic development practitioners who may be seeking further contextual/comparative information on urban regions, or for others interested in understanding the dynamics behind urban planning that may drive regional competitiveness and prosperity.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Shocks, Cultural Behaviors and Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pantelis C. Kostis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Culture Start

The literature regarding cultural background change points out that changes in cultural background can only be slow moving. However, under high uncertainty levels, cultural background may change in the short or medium term as well. In this paper, the effects of uncertainty on cultural behaviors are investigated. Cultural background is captured through the Schwartz’s cultural values, based on the waves provided by the European Social Survey from 2002 up to 2018, performing relative Principal Component Analyses. An Uncertainty Index is constructed based on the volatility of the stock market for all Eurozone countries, from the euro’s adoption in January 2001 up to December 2018. Using an unbalanced panel dataset comprised of 18 Eurozone countries for the time period from 2002 up to 2018, a fixed-effects assessment method, different fixed terms between the examined economies, dummies per wave of the nine total data waves of the European Social Survey and country-specific clustered robust estimates of the standard errors, the main conclusions of the empirical analysis are the following: (a) Uncertainty significantly affects the cultural background of societies and leads to its change; (b) The effects of uncertainty on culture start two years after an uncertainty shock has occurred; (c) The effects of uncertainty on specific cultural values reveals significant effects on all Schwartz’s cultural values. However, the effect is the highest for the dipole “conservatism and autonomy” and the smallest for the dipole “mastery vs. harmony”. (d) When uncertainty is high, this leads to higher levels of hierarchy (authority, humbleness), self-direction (independent thought and action), stimulation (excitement, novelty and challenge in life), affective autonomy (pursuit of actively positive activities: pleasure, exciting life) and mastery (ambition and hard work, daring, independence, drive for success) which means their life’s harmony is disrupted, at least two years later. Thus, countries exhibiting systematically high levels of uncertainty are about to develop a cultural background that is going to hinder economic development, and vice versa.

scholarly journals Regional Differences in Fossil Energy-Related Carbon Emissions in China’s Eight Economic Regions: Based on the Theil Index and PLS-VIP Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzhao Liu ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Ruoxin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Economic Regions

Determining differences in regional carbon emissions and the factors that affect these differences is important in the realization of differentiated emissions mitigation policies. This paper adopts the Theil index and the partial least square-variable importance of projection (PLS-VIP) method to analyze the change characteristics, regional differences and causes of carbon emissions, as well as the extent to which various factors influenced carbon emissions in China’s eight economic regions in 2005–2017. The results indicate that (1) during the study period, carbon emissions in the eight economic regions displayed a rigid uptrend with a phased characteristic. The growth rates of carbon emissions were different across the studied regions. (2) The overall difference in regional carbon emissions showed an increasing trend, mainly owing to increasing interregional differences. (3) The extent of the influence and explanatory ability of each factor on regional carbon emissions and discrepancies in carbon emissions were different. Population size, economic development, and energy intensity were found to be the three main factors influencing regional carbon emission changes. Industrial structure and urbanization were also contributors to regional differences in emissions. The influence of energy structure on regional carbon emissions and its explanatory power were weak on the whole, but its elastic coefficients and VIP values changed significantly. Finally, regionally targeted proposals for emissions mitigation are offered.

scholarly journals The comparative African regional economics of globalization in financial allocation efficiency: the pre-crisis era revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice A. Asongu ◽  
Joseph Nnanna ◽  
Vanessa S. Tchamyou
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Interactive Fixed Effects ◽  
Financial Allocation ◽  
Economic Regions

AbstractThis study assesses the role of globalization-fueled regionalization policies on the financial allocation efficiency of four economic and monetary regions in Africa from 1980 to 2008. Banking and financial system efficiency proxies are used as dependent variables and seven bundled and unbundled globalization variables are employed as independent indicators. The bundling is achieved by principal component analysis, while the empirical evidence is based on interactive fixed effects regressions. The findings are as follows. First, financial allocation efficiency is more sensitive to financial openness compared to trade openness and most sensitive to globalization. The relationship between allocation efficiency and globalization-fueled regionalization policies is defined by: (i) a Kuznets or inverted U-shaped curve in the UEMOA and CEMAC zones (evidence of decreasing returns for allocation efficiency from globalization-fueled regionalization) and (ii) a U-shaped relationship overwhelmingly in the COMESA and scantily in the EAC (increasing returns to allocation efficiency due to globalization-fueled regionalization). These relationships are relevant to the specific globalization dynamics within regions. Economic and monetary regions are more prone to surplus liquidity than pure economic regions are. Policy implications and measures for reducing surplus liquidity are also discussed.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY: ONE VILLAGE ONE PRODUCT (OVOP) AS AN ENGINE OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN JAPAN AND INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Arin Widiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Central Java ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Revitalization Effort

The One Village One Product (OVOP) is a voluntary local community movement that drives the Local Economic Development (LED) and the revitalization effort, which was initiated in 1979 in Oita prefecture, Japan. The research examines the OVOP approach by comparing the OVOP program in Indonesia, particularly the case study of OVOP in Sragen regency, Central Java province, to the original OVOP program of Oita prefecture in Japan. This study takes Oita as the observation, since Oita is considered as the region in which the OVOP concept is conducted successfully. For that reason, this research is aimed for taking a lesson to be learned and to be applied in Indonesia, in which in Indonesia the respective concept has not so far succeeded. The key feature of the OVOP implementation in Oita is the bottom-up approach that is well adapted in Japanese experience of local economic development. The case studies illustrated that, when it was transferred to Indonesia, the principles of OVOP were not directly copied from the OVOP in Japan. In Indonesia, OVOP was reconfigured into a government program with a top-down approach. This study will mainly focus on comparing both study cases qualitatively. Basically the characteristics OVOP literature reviews are: the History of the Oita-Japan OVOP program, the study about specific programs outside of Japan based on the Oita OVOP model and the study that compares Oita-type programs across countries. However, this paper found a few studies which focus on the particular role of private companies in initiating and maintaining the OVOP programs, as distributors and suppliers, this topic become main research object for the research

scholarly journals Culture, innovation, and economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis C. Kostis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Dependent Variables

AbstractDuring recent decades, culture is gaining more and more attention as a factor that determines economic outcomes. Trying to investigate its role on innovation and economic development, this paper uses a dataset that offers the potential for a cross-sectional and time series analysis. Thus, in this paper, the effects of culture on innovation (as measured by patent applications, spending on R&D, number or researchers per 1000 individuals and number of government researchers) and economic development are investigated. Cultural background is captured through the Schwartz’s cultural values, as reported through the European Social Survey (ESS) waves during the period 2002–2018. The dataset is comprised by 18 Eurozone countries. Using principal component analyses to capture the Schwartz’s cultural values, as well as two ways fixed-effects analysis (FE), time dummies for each ESS wave included in the analysis and cluster—robust estimates of the standard errors, in order to examine the above relationships, the main conclusions derived from the analysis are that (a) there is significant effect of culture on innovation and economic development, and (b) the main cultural dimensions that hinder innovation and economic development are the prevalence of hierarchy, affective autonomy, and mastery. These results hold for all different dependent variables used in the analysis. Thus, when hierarchy, affective autonomy, and mastery are present innovation and economic development are hindered, leading to obstacles regarding the sustainability of economic outcomes. The opposite holds in societies where embeddedness, egalitarianism, and harmony prevail.

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
The One ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort ( NLSY 1997 ). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15–24 from the 1979 cohort ( NLSY 1979 ). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996) . The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's “Law of Diminishing Returns.”

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