Tribological Performance Optimization of Electroless Nickel Coatings Under Lubricated Condition

2018 ◽  
pp. 250-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Duari ◽  
Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tapan Kumar Barman ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present chapter aims to determine optimal tribo-testing condition for minimum coefficient of friction and wear depth of electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu coatings under lubrication using grey relational analysis. Electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu coatings are deposited on AISI 1040 steel substrates. They are heat treated at suitable temperatures to improve their hardness. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction techniques. Typical nodulated surface morphology is observed in the scanning electron micrographs of all the three coatings. Phase transformation on heat treating the deposits is captured through the use of X-Ray diffraction technique. Vicker's microhardness of the coatings in their as-deposited and heat treated condition is determined. Ni-P-W coatings are seen to exhibit the highest microhardness. Friction and wear tests under lubricated condition are carried out following Taguchi's experimental design principle. Finally, the predominating wear mechanism of the coatings is discussed.

Wear Performance Optimization for Electroless Ni-P Coating

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta Sahoo ◽  
Suman Kalyan Das
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
System Response ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nodular Structure ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Significant Factors

Optimization of the wear performance of electroless Ni-P coating is carried out with the help of Taguchi orthogonal array design. Tribological testing parameters (applied load, sliding speed and duration of testing) are optimized with the help of L27 array in order to get the best wear performance from the coating. Load and time were found to be the most significant factors. Interaction between load and time is also found to hold some amount of significance towards the system response (wear). The characterization of the coating is carried out through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The coating morphology is found to resemble a nodular structure and the coating is mainly amorphous in as deposited state. However, post heat treatment at 400ºC for one hour the coating transforms into crystalline structure. The wear mechanism is also studied and found to be a mixture of abrasive and adhesive wear phenomena.

scholarly journals Phase Equilibria in the Nb-Rich Region of Al-Nb-Sn at 900 and 1200 °C

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Papadimitriou ◽  
Claire Utton ◽  
Panos Tsakiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Al-Nb-Sn phase diagram was studied experimentally in the Nb-rich region to provide important phase equilibria information for alloy design of Nb-silicide based materials for aero engine applications. Three alloys were produced: Nb-17Al-17Sn, Nb-33Al-13Sn and Nb-16Al-20Sn (at.%). As-cast and heat-treated alloys (900 and 1200 °C) were analysed using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy/ electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy). Tin showed a high solubility in Nb2Al, reaching up to 21 at.% in the Sn-rich areas, substituting for Al atoms. Tin and Al also substituted for each other in the A15 phases (Nb3Al and Nb3Sn). Tin showed limited solubility in NbAl3, not exceeding 3.6 at.% as it substituted Al atoms. The solubility of Al in NbSn2 varied from 4.8 to 6.8 at.%. A ternary phase, Nb5Sn2Al with the tI32 W5Si3 crystal structure, was found to be stable. This phase was observed in the 900 °C heat-treated samples, but not in the 1200 °C heated samples.

Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods with Tunable Aspect Ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Li Yan Zhang ◽  
Fen Wang ◽  
Jian Feng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

ZnO nanorods were prepared by heat treating of aqueous zinc acetate treated with organic of PVA. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the as synthesized ZnO are hexagonal wurtzite nanorods with the maximum aspect ratio of 10:1 (100 nm in diameter and about 1 μm in length). The morphology of nanorods was formed by the regulation of appropriate organic under a pH value of 8.5. The growth mechanism of ZnO is proposed that the nanocrystals grow along a preferred direction in a growth tunnel provided by organics.

Research on Friction and Wear Properties of Ti(C,N)/Fe Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Zhi Ping Sun ◽  
Rui Feng Wang ◽  
Li Yan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of different load, revolving speed ,content of Ti(C,N) and sintering process on the friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti(C,N)/Fe composites was investigated systemically. Besides, the wear morphology of Ti(C,N)/Fe composites were researched with an environment scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the phase composition were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The research shows that the wear mechanism of Ti(C,N)/Fe composites are abrasive wear and adhesive wear.

Crystallization of a SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-K2O-Fe2O3-F Glass

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1829-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Bo Tian ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Xue Tao Yue ◽  
Yan Sheng Yin ◽  
Su Hua Fan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Present Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mica Crystal ◽  
Step Heat Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron

The phase-separation and the crystallization of SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-K2O-Fe2O3-F glass were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe of microanalyzers (EPMA). The results reveal that the varieties and the morphology of crystalline phases formed depend sensitively on the thermal treatment schedules. During the isothermal treatments, the crystalline phases of mica, mica and iron oxide (FeFeO4), and FeFeO4 as major crystals are precipitated in the glass samples heat-treated at 900, 1000 and 1050°C respectively. However, the two-step heat treatment beginning at 900°C for 1h and subsequently followed at 1050°C for 1h leads to the precipitation of mica crystal and no any signs of FeFeO4 crystalline phase is observed. Also the morphology of sample is different from that of the isothermally treated glass at 1050°C, but is similar from that of sample at 900°C. A “worm”-shaped phase-separation is observed in the sample heated at 800°C for 0.5h, which exhibits different morphology from that of droplet- or globule-shape conventionally discerned. EPMA results show that the incorporation of Fe2O3 accelerates accumulation of fluorine element, promoting the phase-separation and the crystallization of the present glass.

Metallography and Corrosion Product Studies on Archaeological Bronze Fragments from the Qu Cun Site

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Chase ◽  
Quanyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe authors studied a suite of fragments of corroded bronzes from the Tienma-Qu Cun site, a Western Zhou city and cemetery complex dating from ca. 1000 to ca. 650 B.C‥ Conventional metallographic techniques were used along with scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe and x-ray diffraction. The bronzes are very varied in structure and composition. Most are cast, moderate-tin bronzes, but some are high or low in tin or lead. A few show a worked and annealed structure, and some of the cast bronzes were also heat treated (possibly by use as cooking pots). corrosion patterns also vary greatly, from almost uncorroded to total mineralization. Periodic and esquential corrosion phenomena were detected, as well as patination applied when the bronzes were made. We had hoped to be able to ascertain the causes of the different penetration of corrosion in these samples, but that must remain for future work.

Effects of Rare Earth (RE) Additives on Performances of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings Formed on Aluminum Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Huang ◽  
Xiao Yan Zhang ◽  
De Feng Wu ◽  
Xiao Song Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Alloy Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), VSP electrochemical workstation and friction and wear tester equipment are applied for comparing the effects on organizations and properties of micro-arc oxidation fabricated on a piece of aluminum alloy sample with additives of La (NO3)3 or Ce (SO4)2. The results revealed that both coatings with these two different additives are consisted of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3, but the peaks of main phases are evident with La (NO3)3. Compared the two different coatings, it could be found that less micro-cracks can be observed from the coating with La (NO3)3 additive. Beside this, aperture in this coating is also smaller and corrosion resistance and wear resistance are much better.

Synthesis of Nano Onion-Like Fullerenes Using Iron Supported on Sodium Chloride as Catalyst by Decomposing Acetylene

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 370-372
Author(s):  
Cun Jing Wang ◽  
Peng Yao ◽  
Gai Rong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Scanning Electron

Catalytic decomposition of acetylene was carried out at 400 °C using iron supported on sodium chloride as catalyst and the product was heat-treated at 650 °C under an argon atmosphere for 2 h directly. The sample was examined by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that nano onion-like fullerenes encapsulating Fe cores with diameters in the range 20-50 nm were obtained.

scholarly journals Optimization of Electroless Ni-P-W Coatings for Minimum Friction and Wear Using Grey-Taguchi Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyo Roy ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Roller Configuration ◽  
Electroless Ni

The present experimental investigation deals with the deposition of electroless Ni-P-W coating on mild steel substrate and optimization of tribological parameters for better tribological behaviour like minimization of wear depth and coefficient of friction. Three tribological test parameters, namely, load, speed, and time, are optimized for minimum friction and wear of the coating. Friction and wear tests are carried out in a multitribotester using block on roller configuration under dry conditions. Taguchi based grey relational analysis is employed for optimization of this multiple response problem using L27 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance shows that load, speed, time, and interaction between load and speed have significant influence on controlling the friction and wear behavior of Ni-P-W coating. It is observed that wear mechanism is mild adhesive in nature. The structural morphology, composition, and phase structure of the coating are studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), respectively.

Evaluation of Corrosion Properties of Electroless NiP/Nano-SiC Composite Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Arman Zarebidaki ◽  
Saeed Reza Allahkaram
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ni-P/nano- SiC composite coatings were deposited in different concentrations of SiC nano-particles in the bath. The hardness and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings with different content of SiC nano-particles were measured. Moreover, the structure of the composite coatings was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), while their morphologies and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Results showed that co-deposited SiC nano-particles contributed to increase the hardness but corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P coatings decreased due to agglomeration of nano-particles and increasing porosity of coatings.

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