Complexity Analysis of an Urban System

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-67
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Human Component ◽  
The Way

Urban system is comprised of different attributes. The possibility of variation in the characteristics of these attributes cannot be ignored. In addition, human component is significant in shaping the characteristics of it. It has dynamic characteristics and difficult to measure the cognitive characteristics of it. Furthermore, their characteristics may vary with the context. Consequently, there is a huge likelihood that it may act as a bias in shaping the behavior of a city. In addition, the way different attributes interact with each other hugely influences a city. This chapter explains the meaning of complexity in the context of urban sciences. It also provides detail about the possibility of containing randomness and inconsistency using complexity analysis of urban systems. Having read this chapter, the readers will certainly develop a strong understanding about the complexity analysis. And it would help them to implement the learning in the investigations related to urban systems.

scholarly journals Health in cities: Getting out and about as we age

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ma ◽  
R Ivers ◽  
E de Leeuw ◽  
K Clapham ◽  
C Kobel
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The Public ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Health Community

Abstract Transportation influences health through its effects on people's access to goods, services, and life chance opportunities; social interactions; physical activity levels; air pollution exposures; and road injury risks. Given the ageing of populations, it is essential that decisions about land use and transportation systems are appropriate to meet the mobility needs of older people and support healthy ageing. Not all transportation options, however, may be accessible to older people. Factors that affect accessibility relate to the spatial and physical characteristics of places, personal and social contexts of individuals, and rules and norms underpinning planning and policy making. This research aimed to understand how different parts and processes of urban systems interact to influence transportation options for older people. Using the Greater Sydney area as a case, we drew on key informant interviews and public policy documents to identify the considerations that inform planning and policy making as they pertain to the nature of cities and the opportunities of older people to get out and about. We compared and integrated these findings with peer-reviewed literature of similar urban growth areas. Our analysis mapped the factors of the human-urban system that are central to enabling transportation mobility for older people, articulated their interrelationships, and identified the actors that influence them. Our results point to the involvement of actors from the public health, community development, transportation, and urban planning sectors at multiple levels of government. Each of these actors operate within their own remit to influence a part of the urban system relevant to older people's transportation, such as the zoning of land, the approval of housing developments, and the location of bus stops. However, these individual actions are constrained by others in the system. We interpret this complexity with a governance lens. Key messages Efforts to promote mobility in old age should move beyond ‘single solutions to single issues’ approaches toward those that reflect the complexity of cities and the ways that people move within them. For sustained realization of desired outcomes, age-friendly initiatives cannot occur in isolation, but rather must take into account the behaviours and dynamics of the urban system.

scholarly journals DataStorm: Coupled, Continuous Simulations for Complex Urban Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Hans Walter Behrens ◽  
K. Selçuk Candan ◽  
Xilun Chen ◽  
Yash Garg ◽  
Mao-Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Parallel Execution ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Space Partitioning ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge

Urban systems are characterized by complexity and dynamicity. Data-driven simulations represent a promising approach in understanding and predicting complex dynamic processes in the presence of shifting demands of urban systems. Yet, today’s silo-based, de-coupled simulation engines fail to provide an end-to-end view of the complex urban system, preventing informed decision-making. In this article, we present DataStorm to support integration of existing simulation, analysis and visualization components into integrated workflows. DataStorm provides a flow engine, DataStorm-FE , for coordinating data and decision flows among multiple actors (each representing a model, analytic operation, or a decision criterion) and enables ensemble planning and optimization across cloud resources. DataStorm provides native support for simulation ensemble creation through parameter space sampling to decide which simulations to run, as well as distributed instantiation and parallel execution of simulation instances on cluster resources. Recognizing that simulation ensembles are inherently sparse relative to the potential parameter space, we also present a density-boosting partition-stitch sampling scheme to increase the effective density of the simulation ensemble through a sub-space partitioning scheme, complemented with an efficient stitching mechanism that leverages partial and imperfect knowledge from partial dynamical systems to effectively obtain a global view of the complex urban process being simulated.

scholarly journals Re-thinking Re-construction New Design Strategies for the Reconstruction after Natural Disasters. A Local Research Experience for a Global Topic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bianchi ◽  
Roberto Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Design Strategies

The paper presents the ongoing results of a design research carried out at the School ofArchitectureandDesign” EduardoVittoria”of Ascoli Piceno(SAAD)of the university of Camerino. Thespecificobjectiveoftheresearchistodevelopaninnovativeandreplicabledesign methodology, and to experiment new design strategies devoted to the sustainable, compatible and innovative-construction after natural disasters in rural areas and low-density urban systems. The research is based on a “local-to-global” approach: it refers to Italy as a case study but it aims to achieve general results applicable in different geographical contexts. Thespecificcasestudyrelatestotheearthquakethatin2016/2017affectedasignificant area of Central Italy and that strongly hit a large part of the so called “Italian village system”, i.e. a peculiar environmental and productive urban system that is still now in real emergency. As in most of the international reconstruction experiences, this reconstruction will certainly require along process which,still today,is full of unknowns. The massive damage caused by this disastrous event, the constraints imposed by regulations and the need for and adaptation of the buildings stock to the current housing standards, exclude the possibility of applying design strategies focused on a “where it was/as it was” model. This awareness, which increases the uncertainty about the future of the ”earthquake” communities, requires an innovative approach in relation to apparently incompatible aspects: the preservation of the identity of lost places and the upgrade of building performance often explicitly required by the population and however connected to a new housing demand. In relation to worldwide territories with a high level of disaster risk, this scenario can nowadays be considered a global issue which concerns both cultural and technical aspects. The design methodology pursued is based on a scientific approach to re-construction that focuses on a “systemic” and “design to build” approach that concerns also productive and technological aspects in relation to purposes of low-cost performance, constructive simplicity, cost-effectiveness of the interventions. This approach aims also at the introduction of the lightweight building system in contexts of traditional and massive construction, according to an idea of a construction site as an “assembly point” of prefabricated parts, light and modular, with a controlled life-cycle.

Characterization of an Urban System

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-86
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Correct Representation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Correct representation of characteristics of different attributes of a city helps in understanding the impact of these attributes on evolution of a city. And the way they are dependent on each other. It may further help in identifying the factors which can be a potential threat to sustainable urban development. This chapter aims to develop an understanding about the meaning and significance of characterization of a city, or say, an urban system. In addition, it provides detail about the approaches which can be adopted for characterizing an urban system. It is expected that this chapter will succeed in developing a good understanding about the need and significance of accurate and effective characterization of a city in the context of sustainable urban development.

Functional Effectiveness and Modern Mechanisms for National Urban Systems Globalization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1022-1040
Author(s):  
Alexey Arkhipov ◽  
Denis Ushakov
Keyword(s):  
Urban System ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Municipal Governance ◽  
Urban Economies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

Cities' transformation into active actors of international economic relations and their participation in international competition form a complex of relevant problems about efficiency of relationships between business and government, global competitive advantages of urban economies, quality of municipal governance, and development and international integration of the urban system of the modern countries (including Russia). This chapter examines a development of the modern features of the urban system in Russia, analyzes its macroeconomic indicators, actual problems, and evaluates various scenarios for the development of both individual urban economies and the entire urban system of Russia.

scholarly journals DeCACHe: Supporting Designers in Creating Cognition-Centered Adaptive Cultural Heritage Activities

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2573-2596
Author(s):  
George Raptis ◽  
Christos Sintoris ◽  
Nikolaos Avouris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
User Study ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Technical Professionals ◽  
The Way

Cultural heritage (CH) institutions attract wide and heterogeneous audiences, which should be efficiently supported and have access to meaningful CH content. This introduces numerous challenges when delivering such experiences, given that people have different cognitive characteristics which influence the way we process information, experience, behave, and acquire knowledge. Our recent studies provide evidence that human cognition should be considered as a personalization factor within CH contexts, and thus we developed a framework that delivers cognition-centered personalized CH activities. The efficiency and the efficacy of the framework have been successfully assessed through two user studies, but non-technical professionals (e.g., CH designers) may face difficulties when attempting to use it and create personalized CH activities. In this paper, we present DeCACHe, which supports CH designers in creating cognition-centered personalized CH activities throughout different phases of the design lifecycle. We also report a user study with seventeen professional CH designers, who used our tool to design CH activities for people with different cognitive characteristics.

Population in Trans-Border Regions: The Southern California-Baja California Urban System

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1045
Author(s):  
Jane R. Rubin-Kurtzman ◽  
Roberto Ham-Chande ◽  
Maurice D. Van Arsdol
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
The Impact

This article is a case study of population growth and composition in the Southern California-Baja California trans-border urban system (TBS). The central question guiding the research is how the combination of geographic proximity and economic integration in two very different regions affects population characteristics in the Southern California-Baja California TBS. We begin by briefly defining trans-border urban systems. We then specify the attributes of the Southern California-Baja California TBS, contrasting them with attributes observed elsewhere in the United States and Mexico. We particularly emphasize the impact of the Mexican-origin population on population growth, composition, age structure and trans-border mobility. We conclude by outlining several national and international policy implications that can be derived from a regional focus on the Southern California-Baja California TBS. The units of analysis are the aggregate TBS and the component counties and municipios. The data are drawn primarily from the U.S. and Mexican censuses. Secondary data from a variety of sources also are discussed.

Locating the interstitial island: Integration of Zhoushan Archipelago into the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802093798
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Adam Grydehøj
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Zhoushan Archipelago ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Urban Functions

Amidst the debate concerning how to interpret the emergence of new forms of urbanism in today’s world, little attention has been given to urban interstices – the inter-urban boundary areas and interface zones that facilitate exchange between and within vast urban systems. The present paper considers how place is made and developed at these interstices, which frequently provide essential urban functions but are also frequently regarded as rural. We explore this topic through the case of Zhoushan Archipelago (Zhejiang Province, China), an interface zone both between cities within the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and between the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and other megaregions. Like many islands, Zhoushan Archipelago has long been conceptualised as peripheral to the urban yet has simultaneously performed vital urban functions. The paper uses this case to shed light on what interstitiality (in-betweenness) means in today’s urbanism, both for the people living ‘in-between’ and for the wider urban system.

scholarly journals Urban resilience to floods in parts of Makassar, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Meydelin Isani Thoban ◽  
Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
The Government

Makassar – the largest and fastest growing area in eastern Indonesia – experienced significant number of damages and losses due to recurrent floods. In early 2019, the flood disaster exposed the urbanized area and inundated 1,658 houses and caused 9,328 impacted population. These figures imply that Makassar needs to create concerted efforts to improve its currently low resilience to floods. This study was designed to assess the urban resilience to floods in Makassar to provide the government with reference for evaluation and identify the most contributing factors to the resilience. In this context, resilience was assessed in four urban systems, namely physical, social, economic, and institutional, in every unit of analysis, i.e., flood-affected districts. The research data included building density, green open space, population density, the number of economically disadvantaged households, community’s subsistence funds, and the availability of early warning systems and disaster emergency stations. The physical, social, economic, institutional, and equal scenarios of resilience were modeled using the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). The results showed that the districts in Makassar were moderately resilient to floods and that the resilience of each urban system shaped the overall resilience. Tamalate and Rappocini sub districts had the lowest resilience values, whereas Manggala was estimated as the most highly resilient district in several scenarios.

scholarly journals Changes in the German Urban System—A Financial-Sector Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Klagge ◽  
Carsten Peter
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Special Role ◽  
World Cities ◽  
Financial Centre

Abstract Urban systems analysis and especially the seminal contributions of the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) so far mainly rely on the analysis of national and international office geographies of advanced producer services firms. This paper shows how the geography of demand-supply relationships and associated knowledge flows adds important qualitative information to the office geographies of the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. It contributes to our understanding of intercity relations and networks—and thus of urban systems more generally. We illustrate our approach by looking at private equity firms and their knowledge management strategies in Germany. Empirically, we analyze private equity firms’ business relations and networks with external partners as well as their geographical organization. While private equity firms’ geographical organization in Germany is characterized by decentralized concentration with nodes in Frankfurt and regional financial centres, there is evidence that among the latter Munich plays a special role. Only in Munich has private equity—cross-fertilized by other local financial actors—initiated a self-supporting development which strengthens Munich as a financial centre. The paper illustrates how the dynamics of private equity and its knowledge management lead to Germany’s financial system having a more tiered structure and how qualitative network analysis can help deepen our understanding of urban systems development.

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