“Think of the Children!”

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-254
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Visual Aesthetics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

This experiment examined children's visual aesthetics and learning motivation with regard to websites. It applied Berlyne's theory of aesthetic preference to these websites. The experiment explored the relations between visual complexity, visual aesthetics, learning motivation, and children's age, and their effect on websites. A total of 150 children between 10 and 12 years old were involved. The children were asked to rate websites of different levels of perceived visual complexity in terms of visual aesthetic and learning motivation. The results showed that the children preferred websites that displayed a medium level of perceived visual complexity to those that displayed a high or low level of perceived visual complexity. Thus, the results supported Berlyne's theory. However, when aesthetic preference was analyzed with respect to age-related differences, it was found that older children preferred a medium level of perceived visual complexity and younger children preferred a high level of perceived visual complexity.

Visual Complexity Online and Its Impact on Children's Aesthetic Preferences and Learning Motivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wang ◽  
Julian Bowerman
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children's Learning

In the past, when most computers were workplace tools, researchers in the field of HCI predominately focused on practical aspects of computing, such as usability and efficiency. Now, with more and more computer technologies entering the home and other areas of life, such as schooling and informal education, an increasing number of researchers are exploring subjective issues related to computing. This research explored the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetics and learning motivation with respect to children's learning websites. It took the form of an experiment involving children aged 10 to 11 years-old viewing homepages designed for them. In the experiment, the children were divided into three groups. One group was shown homepages of a low level of visual complexity, another group was shown homepages of a medium level of visual complexity and another group was shown homepages of a high level of visual complexity. At the end of the experiment, the children were asked questions about the homepages; the questions were on the topics of aesthetics and motivation. In addition to exploring the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetics and learning motivation, the research tested Berylne's theory of preference: a theory that purports that people prefer medium level stimuli to high or low-level stimuli. The results of the experiment showed that children preferred aesthetics of a medium level of visual complexity, Berlyne's theory was thus supported. The results also revealed that aesthetic preference and learning motivation were correlated. These findings have implications for designers of children's learning websites as they suggest that by manipulating visual complexity, a user's viewing pleasure can be enhanced or depreciated.

The Impact of Perceived Visual Complexity, Gender, and Cognitive Style on Children's Aesthetic Preferences for Learning Web Pages

2014 ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wang ◽  
Pei-Yu Wang ◽  
Ching-Chih Liao ◽  
Yu-Yin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences

This chapter examines children's aesthetic preferences for learning Web pages designed for them. It applies Berlyne's theory of aesthetic preference to these Web pages: a theory that suggests that people prefer a medium level of stimuli to a low or high level of stimuli. The experiment employs a 3 x 2 x 2 between-subject design; it explores perceived visual complexity, gender, cognitive style, and aesthetic preference. A total of 120 children (60 boys and 60 girls) aged between 11 to 12 years-old take part in the experiment. The children are asked to rate learning Web pages of different levels of perceived visual complexity for aesthetic preference. These Web pages have been created by the authors. The results of the experiment show that overall the children prefer Web pages that display a medium level of perceived visual complexity to those that display a high or low level of perceived visual complexity. Thus, the results support Berlyne's theory. However, when aesthetic preference is analysed with respect to gender, it is found that different levels of perceived visual complexity have an impact on boys' aesthetic preferences but not girls'. In other words, Berylne's theory is only partly supported. Likewise, Berylne's theory is only partly supported when aesthetic preference is analysed with respect to cognitive style. Here, imagers prefer a high level of perceived visual complexity and verbalisers prefer a medium level of perceived visual complexity. This chapter should be of interest to anyone who designs learning Web pages for children.

The Impact of Visual Complexity on Children's Learning Websites in Relation to Aesthetic Preference and Learning Motivation

2014 ◽  
pp. 395-412
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wang ◽  
Julian Bowerman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Perceived Complexity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children's Learning

Websites in addition to being usable must also be pleasurable to look at. However, although much research has been conducted into usability, subjective issues have been far less explored. The purpose of this research is to look at the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetics, and learning motivation in children’s learning websites. An experiment was set up that involved 132 11-12 year-old children using homepages taken from Websites designed for children as test materials. In the experiment, the children were randomly assigned into 3 groups and given a different visual complexity Website according to their group. The Websites given were: homepage with a low degree of visual complexity; homepage with a moderate degree of visual complexity; and homepage with a high degree of visual complexity. This study is guided by Berlyne’s experimental theory, which suggests that there is an inverted-U shaped relationship between preference for a stimulus and its complexity. The study applies his theory and aims to understand the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetic preference, and learning motivation. The findings show that children prefer aesthetics of a medium level of perceived complexity, supporting Berlyne’s theory. It also shows that children’s aesthetic preferences and learning motivation are correlated. The findings have implications for Web designers working on children’s Websites as they suggest that by manipulating visual complexity viewing pleasure can be enhanced or depreciated.

Urban network of China from the perspective of population mobility: Three-dimensional co-occurrence of nodes and links

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2199781
Author(s):  
Xinyue Luo ◽  
Mingxing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
External Connections

The nodes and links in urban networks are usually presented in a two-dimensional(2D) view. The co-occurrence of nodes and links can also be realized from a three-dimensional(3D) perspective to make the characteristics of urban network more intuitively revealed. Our result shows that the external connections of high-level cities are mainly affected by the level of cities(nodes) and less affected by geographical distance, while medium-level cities are affected by the interaction of the level of cities(nodes) and geographical distance. The external connections of low-level cities are greatly restricted by geographical distance.

scholarly journals Saliency Detection by Multilevel Deep Pyramid Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Wang ◽  
Lei Dai ◽  
Yingfeng Cai ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Saliency Detection ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pyramid Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

Traditional salient object detection models are divided into several classes based on low-level features and contrast between pixels. In this paper, we propose a model based on a multilevel deep pyramid (MLDP), which involves fusing multiple features on different levels. Firstly, the MLDP uses the original image as the input for a VGG16 model to extract high-level features and form an initial saliency map. Next, the MLDP further extracts high-level features to form a saliency map based on a deep pyramid. Then, the MLDP obtains the salient map fused with superpixels by extracting low-level features. After that, the MLDP applies background noise filtering to the saliency map fused with superpixels in order to filter out the interference of background noise and form a saliency map based on the foreground. Lastly, the MLDP combines the saliency map fused with the superpixels with the saliency map based on the foreground, which results in the final saliency map. The MLDP is not limited to low-level features while it fuses multiple features and achieves good results when extracting salient targets. As can be seen in our experiment section, the MLDP is better than the other 7 state-of-the-art models across three different public saliency datasets. Therefore, the MLDP has superiority and wide applicability in extraction of salient targets.

The Analysis of Students Mathematic Problem Solving Ability During Online Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
M. Arif Wahyu Daroini ◽  
Tri Novita Irawati ◽  
Sholahudin Al Ayubi
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Good For ◽  
High Level

This study aims to determine students' mathematical problem solving abilities based on their high, medium and low level of ability in solving the problem. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collecting method that use are observation, test, and interview. The results showed that the problem-solving ability of high-level subjects reached an average of 75%, the problem-solving abilities of medium-level subjects reached an average of 67%, the problem-solving abilities of low-level subjects reached an average of 67%, out of a maximum score of 100. The result of interview, ability level high, medium, and low, students are capable and good even though it does not reach 100%. So, it can be concluded that high, medium, and low level abilities are good for going through the problem solving ability indicator.  Keywords: problem solving, online learning  

Event Detection in Sports Video Based on Generative-Discriminative Models

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
Guoliang Fan ◽  
Yi Ding
Keyword(s):  
Event Detection ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Sports Video ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Discriminative Models ◽  
Video Mining ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Semantic event detection is an active and interesting research topic in the field of video mining. The major challenge is the semantic gap between low-level features and high-level semantics. In this chapter, we will advance a new sports video mining framework where a hybrid generative-discriminative approach is used for event detection. Specifically, we propose a three-layer semantic space by which event detection is converted into two inter-related statistical inference procedures that involve semantic analysis at different levels. The first is to infer the mid-level semantic structures from the low-level visual features via generative models, which can serve as building blocks of high-level semantic analysis. The second is to detect high-level semantics from mid-level semantic structures using discriminative models, which are of direct interests to users. In this framework we can explicitly represent and detect semantics at different levels. The use of generative and discriminative approaches in two different stages is proved to be effective and appropriate for event detection in sports video. The experimental results from a set of American football video data demonstrate that the proposed framework offers promising results compared with traditional approaches.

Level of feeding during early life and the subsequent reproductive performance of sows

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
R. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Plane Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Size At Birth

1. Nine groups of 4 litter-mate Wessex Saddleback gilts were divided on a within-litter basis between 4 treatments so that they were reared from 8 weeks of age to 200 1b. live-weight according to different levels of total feed intake; (a) a high level rising to 8·0 1b. meal per day at 200 1b. live-weight, (b) a medium level approximately 80% of the high, (c) a low level approximately 60% of the high and (d) changing from the low to the medium level between 14 and 16 weeks of age. From 200 1b. live-weight to mating at first heat after reaching 300 1b. all were fed to the medium scale (6·5 1b. meal per day), and all were treated alike during each of 3 pregnancies and lactations.2. Mean rate of growth from weaning to 100 1b. and from 100 to 200 1b. differed significantly between treatments (P<0·001), and mean efficiency of feed conversion of the low-plane group was significantly poorer than that of the high-plane group (P<0·05) from weaning to 100 1b. live-weight.3. All gilts, regardless of treatment, reached puberty at approximately the same age (25 weeks), with the result that mean weight at puberty differed markedly between treatments (P<0·001); 116, 154, 189 and 147 1b. for treatments (a) to (d) respectively.4. Gilts reared on medium and high planes of feeding exhibited oestrus less strongly than those reared on the low-plane, with the result that mean weight at successful mating was significantly greater in these two groups (P<0·05).5. Four gilts in the low-plane group and one in the high-plane group failed to conceive after repeated matings, but numbers were insufficient to indicate the significance of this.6. From the original 36 gilts, 27 first litters, 26 second litters and 25 third litters were produced and reared to 8 weeks of age. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in litter size at birth, mean weight of piglets at 3 or 8 weeks of age or total litter weight at weaning.7. Trouble from temporary collapse of the legs was experienced in all but one gilt of the high-plane group between 6½ and 7½ months of age.

scholarly journals Tsunami risk levels mapping in Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
E P Anindia ◽  
E Hidayah ◽  
R U A Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
High Level

Abstract Puger sub-district is categorized as a tsunami-prone area because of its location in the South Coast, directly facing the Indian Ocean, which is the meeting point for two active tectonic plates. The active plate zone is prone to causing earthquakes that raise tsunamis. This article will describe the tsunami hazard and vulnerability level in Puger sub-district using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The method in this study uses a weighted overlay method. The weighting method is carried out to determine the level of tsunami hazard and vulnerability by following the weighting criteria in previous studies. Physical vulnerability criteria include land elevation, slope, beach type, land use, coastline distance, and rivers. The tsunami hazard level is determined based on the tsunami run-up map from previous studies. Based on the results of the risk mapping, it was found that there were five risk categories in Puger sub-district, namely the very low level (13.90 Ha), low level (271.99 Ha), medium level (7133.25 Ha), high level (644.22 Ha), and very high level (23.29 Ha).

scholarly journals Spatial variations in the socioeconomic development of rural municipalities in the podkarpackie voivodeship

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pawlewicz ◽  
Justyna Flasińska
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Multidimensional Modeling ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

The main goal of all territorial administration units, including municipalities, is to promote socioeconomic development. The implemented actions address a broad range of economic, social, spatial and environmental issues. Therefore, socioeconomic development is a complex and multi-dimensional concept that is difficult to evaluate in an unambiguous and objective manner. Statistical methods in object-based multidimensional modeling support such evaluations by considering numerous attributes/variables, which increases the efficiency of the analytical process. In this article, Hellwig’s development pattern method was applied to classify rural municipalities in Podkarpackie Voivodeship based on their socioeconomic development. Twenty-seven indicators were designed for the needs of the analysis with the use of Statistics Poland data for 2018. Based on the results, the municipalities were grouped into four classes with different levels of socioeconomic development. Class III was the largest group, and it was composed of 39 municipalities with a medium-low level of socioeconomic development. Class II was composed of a similar number of municipalities (38) with a medium-high level of socioeconomic development. The smallest groups were Class I containing 18 municipalities with a high level of socioeconomic development, and class IV containing 14 municipalities with a low level of development.

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