The Impact of Perceived Visual Complexity, Gender, and Cognitive Style on Children's Aesthetic Preferences for Learning Web Pages

2014 ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wang ◽  
Pei-Yu Wang ◽  
Ching-Chih Liao ◽  
Yu-Yin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences

This chapter examines children's aesthetic preferences for learning Web pages designed for them. It applies Berlyne's theory of aesthetic preference to these Web pages: a theory that suggests that people prefer a medium level of stimuli to a low or high level of stimuli. The experiment employs a 3 x 2 x 2 between-subject design; it explores perceived visual complexity, gender, cognitive style, and aesthetic preference. A total of 120 children (60 boys and 60 girls) aged between 11 to 12 years-old take part in the experiment. The children are asked to rate learning Web pages of different levels of perceived visual complexity for aesthetic preference. These Web pages have been created by the authors. The results of the experiment show that overall the children prefer Web pages that display a medium level of perceived visual complexity to those that display a high or low level of perceived visual complexity. Thus, the results support Berlyne's theory. However, when aesthetic preference is analysed with respect to gender, it is found that different levels of perceived visual complexity have an impact on boys' aesthetic preferences but not girls'. In other words, Berylne's theory is only partly supported. Likewise, Berylne's theory is only partly supported when aesthetic preference is analysed with respect to cognitive style. Here, imagers prefer a high level of perceived visual complexity and verbalisers prefer a medium level of perceived visual complexity. This chapter should be of interest to anyone who designs learning Web pages for children.

“Think of the Children!”

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-254
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Visual Aesthetics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

This experiment examined children's visual aesthetics and learning motivation with regard to websites. It applied Berlyne's theory of aesthetic preference to these websites. The experiment explored the relations between visual complexity, visual aesthetics, learning motivation, and children's age, and their effect on websites. A total of 150 children between 10 and 12 years old were involved. The children were asked to rate websites of different levels of perceived visual complexity in terms of visual aesthetic and learning motivation. The results showed that the children preferred websites that displayed a medium level of perceived visual complexity to those that displayed a high or low level of perceived visual complexity. Thus, the results supported Berlyne's theory. However, when aesthetic preference was analyzed with respect to age-related differences, it was found that older children preferred a medium level of perceived visual complexity and younger children preferred a high level of perceived visual complexity.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF KVK IN DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME IN SITAPUR DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

More than half of Indian population were engaged in agricultural sector but the available technology doesn’t ensure food security of the country. Hence, to diffuse new agricultural invention and innovation in the farming community, there arises a need for effective medium for transfer of technology. Thus, KVK bridges the gap between the technology generation and dissemination. The present study was proposed to understand the impact of KVK in doubling farmers income to formulate suitable programmes. For the study, descriptive research design was adopted. 120 respondents from Biswan taluk of Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh were selected as respondents. Primary data collected from respondents and secondary data from available literatures. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, upto 5 members in their family, medium level of annual income, possesses their own land, agriculture as their main occupation, medium level of mass media exposure, office bearer in one organization, high level of extension contact. Meanwhile, more than half of the respondents had reported medium level of impact towards the activities carried out by KVK, beneficiary selection is not unbiased is a major constraint suggested that maximum emphasis should be given on learning by doing.

Level of feeding during early life and the subsequent reproductive performance of sows

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
R. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Plane Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Size At Birth

1. Nine groups of 4 litter-mate Wessex Saddleback gilts were divided on a within-litter basis between 4 treatments so that they were reared from 8 weeks of age to 200 1b. live-weight according to different levels of total feed intake; (a) a high level rising to 8·0 1b. meal per day at 200 1b. live-weight, (b) a medium level approximately 80% of the high, (c) a low level approximately 60% of the high and (d) changing from the low to the medium level between 14 and 16 weeks of age. From 200 1b. live-weight to mating at first heat after reaching 300 1b. all were fed to the medium scale (6·5 1b. meal per day), and all were treated alike during each of 3 pregnancies and lactations.2. Mean rate of growth from weaning to 100 1b. and from 100 to 200 1b. differed significantly between treatments (P<0·001), and mean efficiency of feed conversion of the low-plane group was significantly poorer than that of the high-plane group (P<0·05) from weaning to 100 1b. live-weight.3. All gilts, regardless of treatment, reached puberty at approximately the same age (25 weeks), with the result that mean weight at puberty differed markedly between treatments (P<0·001); 116, 154, 189 and 147 1b. for treatments (a) to (d) respectively.4. Gilts reared on medium and high planes of feeding exhibited oestrus less strongly than those reared on the low-plane, with the result that mean weight at successful mating was significantly greater in these two groups (P<0·05).5. Four gilts in the low-plane group and one in the high-plane group failed to conceive after repeated matings, but numbers were insufficient to indicate the significance of this.6. From the original 36 gilts, 27 first litters, 26 second litters and 25 third litters were produced and reared to 8 weeks of age. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in litter size at birth, mean weight of piglets at 3 or 8 weeks of age or total litter weight at weaning.7. Trouble from temporary collapse of the legs was experienced in all but one gilt of the high-plane group between 6½ and 7½ months of age.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of High Temperature on Mortality in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan Barakzai ◽  
S.M. Aqil Burney
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The objective of this paper is to model and study the impact of high temperature on mortality in Pakistan. For this purpose, we have used mortality and climate data consisting of maximum temperature, variation in monthly temperature, average rainfall, humidity, dewpoint, as well as average air pressure in the country over the period from 2000 to 2019. We have used the Generalized Linear Model with Quasi-Poisson link function to model the number of deaths in the country and to assess the impact of maximum temperature on mortality. We have found that the maximum temperature in the country has a significant impact on mortality. The number of deaths in Pakistan increases as the maximum temperature increases. We found that, as the maximum temperature increase beyond 30 °C, mortality increases significantly. Our results indicate that mortality increases by 27% when the maximum temperature in the country increases from medium category to a very high level. Similarly, the number of deaths in the country increases by 11% when the temperature increases from medium temperature to high level. Furthermore, our study found that when the maximum temperature in the country decreases from a medium level to a low level, the number of deaths in the country decreases by 23%. This study does not consider the impact of other factors on mortality, such as age, medical conditions, gender, geographical location, as well as variability of temperature across the country.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl Typology in Semarang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Yutri Aprillia ◽  
Bitta Pigawati
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The population and economic growth increase the need of space leading to an increase in built-up area. There is an increased activity in the city centre which results in the residents feeling less comfortable to live in the area. Hence, the growth of the settlement area tends to head towards the periphery. This condition is an indication of the developments of the built-up area in the periphery. Urban sprawl is a phenomenon of development of an irregular built-up area which leads to the suburbs. Urban development as a result of urban sprawl will trigger an increase in the demand for supporting facilities and infrastructure. An urban Sprawl in Semarang City has resulted in the establishment of residential areas in a conserved region, which is against zoning regulations in the Semarang City Spatial Planning Document (RTRW). Urban Sprawl Typology Research in Semarang City aims to analyse the urban sprawl typology in the city. By knowing the typology, it can minimise the impact of urban sprawl. This research was conducted using the remote sensing method and geographic information system (GIS) with the Shannon's Entropy approach. The results indicated that in 2006 and 2016, urban sprawl in Semarang City had three types of typology that can be classified as typology I (low level), typology II (medium level) and typology III (high level). The impact of urban sprawl on typology II and III can be minimised through the provision of affordable housing with adequate infrastructure, and an improvement in the permit system for housing and settlement development.

scholarly journals Financial Frictions and Firm Informality

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (211) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Franjo ◽  
Nathalie Pouokam ◽  
Francesco Turino
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Financial Frictions ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper we build a model of occupational choice with informal production and progressive income taxation. We calibrate the model to the Brazilian economy to evaluate the impact of removing financial frictions on informality. We find that financial deepening leads to a drop in the size of the informal sector (from 37 percent to 22 percent of official GDP), to an increase in measured TFP (by 4 percent), to an increase in official GDP (by 27 percent), to a decrease in tax evasion (by 17 percent) and to an increase in fiscal revenues (by 15 percent). When assessing the response of this policy at different levels of financial development, we find a non-linear relationship between the credit-to-GDP ratio on the one hand, and either the size of the informal economy, or GDP per capita on the other hand. We test these features with cross-country data and find evidence in favor of both types of non-linearity. We also investigate changes in the income tax progressitivity as an alternative policy and find it to be more effective in countries with a medium to high level of financial markets development.

Visual Complexity Online and Its Impact on Children's Aesthetic Preferences and Learning Motivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wang ◽  
Julian Bowerman
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children's Learning

In the past, when most computers were workplace tools, researchers in the field of HCI predominately focused on practical aspects of computing, such as usability and efficiency. Now, with more and more computer technologies entering the home and other areas of life, such as schooling and informal education, an increasing number of researchers are exploring subjective issues related to computing. This research explored the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetics and learning motivation with respect to children's learning websites. It took the form of an experiment involving children aged 10 to 11 years-old viewing homepages designed for them. In the experiment, the children were divided into three groups. One group was shown homepages of a low level of visual complexity, another group was shown homepages of a medium level of visual complexity and another group was shown homepages of a high level of visual complexity. At the end of the experiment, the children were asked questions about the homepages; the questions were on the topics of aesthetics and motivation. In addition to exploring the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetics and learning motivation, the research tested Berylne's theory of preference: a theory that purports that people prefer medium level stimuli to high or low-level stimuli. The results of the experiment showed that children preferred aesthetics of a medium level of visual complexity, Berlyne's theory was thus supported. The results also revealed that aesthetic preference and learning motivation were correlated. These findings have implications for designers of children's learning websites as they suggest that by manipulating visual complexity, a user's viewing pleasure can be enhanced or depreciated.

Determining a Tracer Diffusivity by way of the Darken-Manning Equation for Interdiffusion in Binary Alloy Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Paul ◽  
I.V. Belova ◽  
E.V. Levchenko ◽  
A.V. Evteev ◽  
G.E. Murch
Keyword(s):  
Binary Alloy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Thermodynamic Factor ◽  
Tracer Diffusivity ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Random Alloy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Self Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Different Levels

The self-or tracer diffusivity of one component in a binary alloy is often required when there is knowledge of the other component’s self-or tracer diffusivity and the interdiffusivity (and the thermodynamic factor). In the present paper, this problem is addressed for the random alloy model by applying three possible approximations having different levels of accuracy: Darken (low level of accuracy), Manning (medium level of accuracy) and Moleko, Allnatt and Allnatt (MAA) (high level of accuracy). There are unexpectedly large differences between the results of these approximations that sometimes are reflected in the high sensitivity of the vacancy-wind factor to the level of approximation. Generally, for the application of Manning and the MAA approximations, it is found that there is a difference in the number of self-diffusivity roots depending on whether the tracer diffusivity is available for the faster diffuser or for the slower diffuser and depending on how close the composition is to the forbidden (according to Manning’s description) region. Provided that the interdiffusion coefficient (divided by the thermodynamic factor) is greater than the available self-diffusion coefficient multiplied by its complementary composition, the application of the Darken approximation always results in one self-diffusivity root.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of the Stylometric Characteristics of Different Levels for the Verification of Authors of the Prose

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-279
Author(s):  
Alla Mikhajlovna Manakhova ◽  
Nadezhda Stanislavovna Lagutina
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Adaboost Classifier ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

This article is dedicated to the analysis of various stylometric characteristics combinations of different levels for the quality of verification of authorship of Russian, English and French prose texts. The research was carried out for both low-level stylometric characteristics based on words and symbols and higher-level structural characteristics.All stylometric characteristics were calculated automatically with the help of the ProseRhythmDetector program. This approach gave a possibility to analyze the works of a large volume and of many writers at the same time. During the work, vectors of stylometric characteristics of the level of symbols, words and structure were compared to each text. During the experiments, the sets of parameters of these three levels were combined with each other in all possible ways. The resulting vectors of stylometric characteristics were applied to the input of various classifiers to perform verification and identify the most appropriate classifier for solving the problem. The best results were obtained with the help of the AdaBoost classifier. The average F-score for all languages turned out to be more than 92 %. Detailed assessments of the quality of verification are given and analyzed for each author. Use of high-level stylometric characteristics, in particular, frequency of using N-grams of POS tags, offers the prospect of a more detailed analysis of the style of one or another author. The results of the experiments show that when the characteristics of the structure level are combined with the characteristics of the level of words and / or symbols, the most accurate results of verification of authorship for literary texts in Russian, English and French are obtained. Additionally, the authors were able to conclude about a different degree of impact of stylometric characteristics for the quality of verification of authorship for different languages.

scholarly journals Assessing the Vulnerability of the Agricultural Sector in Nghe An Province Due to the Impact of Climate Change Taking into Account the Weight of Indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Luu Thu Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Assessing the level of socio-economic vulnerability focuses on the degree of different impacts due to the threats of climate change.The variables of the vulnerability function is a set of indicators.In the process of impact, differentindicatorshave different roles, expressed by the weight of indicators. The selected set of indicator includes 20 indicators. The weights of these indicators are calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process with the support of Expert Choice software.The results show that the indicators related to natural disasters in the exposure variable, indicators related to crop areas in sensitive variables and indicators related to the prevention and mitigation of adverse impacts of Climate change and natural disasters play the most important role in assessing the vulnerability.The results of assessing the level of vulnerability caused by the impacts of climate change and the natural disasters of the indicators show that: 18 out of 20 districts in the province have medium level of vulnerability.Particularly, in the two districts of Tuong Duong and Thanh Chuong,due to thehigh impact of climate change and natural disastersin combination with the low capacity of adaptation in the agricultural sector, the synthetic vulnerability is assessed at a high level.  

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