Urbanization, Knowledge and Competitiveness in Developing Economies

2011 ◽  
pp. 24-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Driouchi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Urban Livelihoods ◽  
Study Implementation ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
And Diffusion

The production and use of knowledge are intended to be benefiting from the economies of scale provided by urban agglomerations that often refer to universities, research centers, and businesses. The linkage between cities and knowledge is consequently considered to be the major engine for the promotion of growth and development in every economy, starting with its urban segments. The analysis conducted in this chapter has shown the existence of possibilities for a better promotion of urban livelihoods through the acceleration of adoption rates in each knowledge economy component, with special emphasis on developing economies. Furthermore, the processes of production, diffusion, and use of knowledge for urban development have to be monitored by urban executives and all city stakeholders. These are continuously invited to help accelerate the processes of knowledge production, use, and diffusion as they are directly concerned with the welfare of current and future urban populations. This emphasizes the issue of the governance of urban knowledge. These overall recommendations are based on the relationships between urbanization, knowledge, and competitiveness measures. Other drivers that are also important and related to tacit knowledge and other human abilities are not directly considered in this study. Implementation, monitoring, and evaluation have appeared to be key elements to ensure immediate and long-term benefits to both cities and their regions.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Is inflation targeting useful for economic growth?

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kartaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Potential Channels

The paper presents an overview of studies of the effects of inflation targeting on long-term economic growth. We analyze the potential channels of influence, as well as modern empirical studies that test performance of these channels. We compare the effects of different variants of inflation targeting (strict and mixed). Based on the analysis recommendations on the choice of optimal (in terms of stimulating long-term growth) regime of monetary policy in developed and developing economies are formulated.

Diffusion and Adoption of Corruption in Developing Economies: Evidence from Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Keelson ◽  
Thomas Cudjoe ◽  
Manteaw Joy Tenkoran
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Theoretical Underpinning ◽  
Institutional Failure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Diffusion

The present study investigates diffusion and adoption of corruption and factors that influence the rate of adoption of corruption in Ghana. In the current study, the diffusion and adoption of corruption and the factors that influence the speed with which corruption spreads in society is examined within Ghana as a developing economy. Data from public sector workers in Ghana are used to conduct the study. Our findings based on the results from One Sample T-Test suggest that corruption is perceived to be high in Ghana and diffusion and adoption of corruption has witnessed appreciative increases. Social and institutional factors seem to have a larger influence on the rate of corruption adoption than other factors. These findings indicate the need for theoretical underpinning in policy formulation to face corruption by incorporating the relationship between the social values and institutional failure, as represented by the rate of corruption adoption in developing economies.

scholarly journals Long-Term Benefits of Intermunicipal Cooperation for Small Municipalities in Waste Management Provision

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Michal Struk ◽  
Eduard Bakoš
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Intermunicipal Cooperation

Intermunicipal cooperation offers an interesting alternative in cases when municipalities are too small to individually provide public services at an efficient cost level but are reluctant to form a municipal amalgamation in order to benefit from economies of scale. Forming a body consisting of multiple municipalities with a specific focus provides a way to reduce costs on service provision while maintaining municipal sovereignty in other areas. In our paper, we quantify the cost benefits of utilizing intermunicipal cooperation in the field of municipal solid waste management. We examine this using data from a 10-year period from municipalities in the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic, where high municipal fragmentation results in many dominantly small municipalities that often are not able to provide public services at reasonable costs. This analysis contributes to the literature by conducting a long-term study of the effects of intermunicipal cooperation on public service provision costs. Our results suggest that municipalities participating in intermunicipal cooperation focused on waste management experienced annual cost savings of approximately 13.5% for provision of this service throughout the examined period of 2010–2019 when compared to municipalities that did not cooperate. These long-term results show how beneficial intermunicipal cooperation can be in reducing service costs. In addition to the direct financial benefits, municipal representatives stated that intermunicipal cooperation often brings other qualitative and non-financial benefits such as better service quality, the possibility to share infrastructure, and relief from administrative and managerial burdens through the utilization of professional management, which was especially appreciated by the smallest municipalities with limited administrative staff.

Iron and copper, and their interactions during development

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Gambling ◽  
Henriette S. Andersen ◽  
Harry J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Pregnant State

During development, the fetus is entirely dependent on the mother for its nutrient requirements. Subsequently, it is a period when both are vulnerable to changes in dietary supply, especially of those nutrients that are marginal under normal circumstances. In developed countries, this applies mainly to micronutrients. Even now, iron deficiency is a common disorder, especially in pregnancy. Similarly, copper intake in the U.K. population is rarely above adequate levels. It is now becoming clear that nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy can result in problems for the offspring, in both the short- and long-term. Early studies showed that lambs born to mothers on copper-deficient pastures developed ‘swayback’, with neurological and muscular symptoms that could not be reversed by postnatal supplementation. Our own findings have shown that prenatal iron deficiency results in increased postnatal blood pressure, even though the offspring have normal dietary iron levels from birth. These observations emphasize the importance of iron and copper in growth and development. Complicating the situation further is the fact that copper and iron are known to interact with each other in many ways, including absorption and intracellular transport. However, their interactions during the pregnancy appear to be more complex than during the non-pregnant state. In the present review, we examine the importance of these metals and their interactions, the consequences, both short- and long-term, of deficiency and consider some possible mechanisms whereby these effects may be generated.

scholarly journals When is a Learning Object not an Object: A first step towards a theory of learning objects

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Sosteric ◽  
Susan Hesemeier
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Object A ◽  
Smart Learning ◽  
Smart Learning Environments ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

<p> For some, “learning objects" are the “next big thing” in distance education promising smart learning environments, fantastic economies of scale, and the power to tap into expanding educational markets. While learning objects may be revolutionary in the long term, in the short term, definitional problems and conceptual confusion undermine our ability to understand and critically evaluate the emerging field. This article is an attempt to provide an adequate definition of learning objects by (a) jettisoning useless theoretical links hitherto invoked to theorize learning objects, and (b) reducing the definition of learning objects to the bare essentials. The article closes with suggestions for further research and further refinement of the definition of learning objects. </P>

scholarly journals Social Impact and Diffusion of Telecenter Use: A Study from the Sustainable Access in Rural India Project

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Michael L Best
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
South India ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Social Diffusion ◽  
The Village ◽  
And Diffusion

In a study of social diffusion of telecenter use in rural south India, we find that these centers are being used only by a relatively small proportion of the village households despite their having been in operation for well over a year. Based on a survey of the telecenter users, we find that these users are, in general, young, male, school or college students, relatively more educated, belong to relatively higher income households, and come from socially and economically advanced communities. Thus the telecenters may sustain existing socioeconomic inequalities within these communities. However, we find some significant exceptions. We find that location of telecenters close to the residential localities where socially and economically backward communities live and presence of local champions within those communities are associated with attracting more users from those communities. We also find that providing localized content and services and making these services more affordable are other important factors in increasing usage and diffusion. We posit that incorporating these factors in the planning, spatial location, and operation of the telecenters can significantly improve their social diffusion and improve their long-term financial and social sustainability.

scholarly journals Exit Strategy for Aid Programs: Planning Exit before Entering

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Aid Programs

As aid interventions by nature are temporary, they will eventually be withdrawn. Reasons and circumstances of withdrawals vary since withdrawals can be part of a strategic approach to long-term sustainability, a change in organizational priorities, or a political decision made at a higher level. A growing international demand for effective and sustainable outcomes of aid programs emphasizes a proper exit and exit strategy. However, a successful exit takes a well-planned strategy at early stages of aid programs and significant amounts of resources. This study reviews approaches to exit and exit strategies at a program level, and common elements of a viable exit strategy including setting an exit timeline, establishing specific criteria and indicators, identifying key actors, and building a monitoring and evaluation system. These elements need to be guided by transparency, inclusion, predictability, obligation, and flexibility. 

scholarly journals MSMEs as Engine of Economic Growth in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects of Scalability

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Okokondem Okon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
A Company

Growing or expanding the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector of the economy is one key strategy to achieve economic growth and development. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) scalability (growth or expansion) have become an area of concern for economic growth in developing economies. People use the term in reference to computer or other technological systems, but those in business also use the word to describe the adaptability of a company (Thibodeaux, 2015) in today‘s fast-paced business environment where the focus on customer satisfaction is at an all-time high. This article discusses the concept of scalability as it relates to business and non-scalable components of business process as well as the importance of being scalable. It also looked at some of the challenges and practices that prevent effective scalability of MSMEs in Nigeria and the way forward.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document