Accessible E-Government through Universal Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Ulrike Peter
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The accessible design of e-government ensures that these offers can also be used by people with disabilities (accessibility). Moreover, experience shows that clarity and comprehensibility of the offers benefit from their careful and deliberate design and structuring while keeping in mind accessibility requirements. Therefore, accessibility is useful for all citizens who want to attend to their administrative issues via the Internet (universal design). Accessibility as a cross-sectional subject has to be considered holistically: On the one hand, following the “universal design” principle, it becomes clear that all users benefit from an accessible solution, independent of their abilities and independent of their situation, environment or conditions. On the other hand, especially in e-government, the complete business process has to be considered: An offer accessible in itself may not be usable if an installation routine or plug-in has to be loaded from a non-accessible page or if the work procedure involves a media break.

Accessible E-Government through Universal Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The accessible design of e-government ensures that these offers can also be used by people with disabilities (accessibility). Moreover, experience shows that clarity and comprehensibility of the offers benefit from their careful and deliberate design and structuring while keeping in mind accessibility requirements. Therefore, accessibility is useful for all citizens who want to attend to their administrative issues via the Internet (universal design). Accessibility as a cross-sectional subject has to be considered holistically: On the one hand, following the “universal design” principle, it becomes clear that all users benefit from an accessible solution, independent of their abilities and independent of their situation, environment or conditions. On the other hand, especially in e-government, the complete business process has to be considered: An offer accessible in itself may not be usable if an installation routine or plug-in has to be loaded from a non-accessible page or if the work procedure involves a media break.

scholarly journals Reasonableness in the Concept of Reasonable Accommodation

2016 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Rafael De Asís Roig
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reasonable Accommodation ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Universal Accessibility ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

Reasonable accommodation is one of the pillars upon which the recognition of the rights of people with disabilities rests. It acquires its full meaning when understood in connection with the concept of universal design, since both concepts fall within the framework of universal accessibility. An accurate understanding of reasonable accommodation requires, on the one hand, clarifying its connection with universal design and accessibility, and on the other, unraveling what “reasonable” means. The reasonableness in accommodation takes to three kinds of reflections. On the one hand the one concerning non-discrimination, which requires to assess, when examining whether the adjustment is justified or not, if it entails a violation of the principle of equality (since it differentiates or it does not, in an unjustified manner, thus harming a human right such as accessibility). In this justifying test there is an essential methodological tool at hand, which shall be regarded as the second great reflection on reasonableness in accommodation: the principle of proportionality. In virtue of this principle, the reasonableness test requires facing the adjustment’s adequacy and necessity and, in addition to that, the advantages or sacrifices that produces on rights. And since both of these reflections do not ensure a single answer, reasonableness requires a last reflection on the basis of acceptability. The adjustment’s justification, or the lack of it, shall be subject to the community’s acceptance or rejection.

Reforming Australia's Safe Harbour for Internet Intermediaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Sam Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Chilling Effect ◽  
Safe Harbour ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Start Ups

The internet safe harbour created by section 230 of the Communications Decency Act has been described as one of the laws that built Silicon Valley. Australia does not have an equivalent law. The closest available is clause 91(1) of schedule 5 of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 (Cth) (BSA Immunity), a law described by the NSW Department of Justice as of limited ‘utility'. The purpose of this chapter is to conduct a comparative analysis of section 230 and the BSA Immunity. On the one hand, the chapter seeks to outline how section 230 has helped develop some of the world's most successful platforms while, on the other hand, the chapter argues that the BSA Immunity's lack of utility has had a ‘chilling effect' on internet businesses in Australia. Following this comparison, the chapter discusses potential reforms to the BSA Immunity, which could assist in the development of future Australian start-ups.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN CLASSICAL LITERATURE IN READERS’ ONLINE COMMUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Anastasiya O. Drozdova ◽  
◽  
Vladimir V. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Classical Work ◽  
The One

On the Internet, readers of Russian literature create online communities (fandoms), in which users experiment with classical literature and construct their own versions of source texts. Although each separate fandom is dedicated to a particular classical work, authors (ficwriters) compare different classical texts and construct a common artistic space based on those. The article deals with the content and boundaries of the online corpus of amateur works based on Russian classical literature. The research subject is fanfics in which artistic worlds of several classical works are combined (crossovers). There are distinguished two forms of modeling a common artistic space in fandoms dedicated to Russian classical literature: 1) through the character's outlook and transformation of the traditional loci; 2) through the narrator’s outlook and creation of an unstable space. The first form involves separating space into ‘public’ and ‘intimate’; the second form is based on the division of space into ‘sacred’ and ‘ordinary’. To describe the connection of fanfics based on classical literature but published in different fandoms, we use the concept ‘superfandom’, which is a corpus of fanfics based on different classical works where texts are united by the types of transformation of original sources and by common strategies of readers’ reception. This binary typology of space reflects the features of perception of Russian classical literature in communities originally created by popular literature fans. On the one hand, ficwriters regard classical literature as an object of honoring; on the other hand, they use the poetics of space from different classical sources to show their own artistic preferences, including acceptance or rejection of Russian classical literature.

scholarly journals Opowieść transmedialna jako przykład kreacyjnych możliwości fandomu

2018 ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
JAKUB CZOPEK
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Web

Jakub Czopek, Opowieść transmedialna jako przykład kreacyjnych możliwości fandomu [Transmedia story as an example of creative possibilities of fandom]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 191-202. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.11 The subject of the article is the creative activity of fan communities (fandom), with particular emphasis on the transmedia storytelling, i.e. the story told simultaneously within various media. The development of the Internet in the Web 2.0 formula has opened a number of possibilities for the creation of fandoms centered around a particular series, movies, books or games. The main manifestations of the activity of these groups can be reduced on the one hand to analyzing and commenting on a given text of culture, and on the other hand, to develop it, by adding new stories, often using other medium than the one originally used.

Implied Licences on the Internet—Fundamentals

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Poorna Mysoor
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Owner ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

This chapter describes certain fundamental aspects of applying implied licences to the internet. It begins by dividing the content on the internet between, on the one hand, that which is placed by or with the consent of the copyright owner and, on the other hand, that which is placed on the internet without the copyright owner’s consent. In the former category, it also examines the consequences of placing terms of use in relation to the content on the internet. This facilitates an orderly analysis since the bases on which a licence may be implied will differ, as also the arguments presented in support of these two categories. This classification is essential also because it lays the common structure and foundation to address browsing, hyperlinking, and indexing in each of the successive chapters.

scholarly journals Physicians’ experiences with euthanasia: a cross-sectional survey amongst a random sample of Dutch physicians to explore their concerns, feelings and pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Evenblij ◽  
H. Roeline W. Pasman ◽  
Johannes J. M. van Delden ◽  
Agnes van der Heide ◽  
Suzanne van de Vathorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Physicians who receive a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide may experience a conflict of duties: the duty to preserve life on the one hand and the duty to relieve suffering on the other hand. Little is known about experiences of physicians with receiving and granting a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the concerns, feelings and pressure experienced by physicians who receive requests for euthanasia or assisted suicide. Methods In 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 3000 Dutch physicians. Physicians who had been working in adult patient care in the Netherlands for the last year were included in the sample (n = 2657). Half of the physicians were asked about the most recent case in which they refused a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide, and half about the most recent case in which they granted a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide. Results Of the 2657 eligible physicians, 1374 (52%) responded. The most reported reason not to participate was lack of time. Of the respondents, 248 answered questions about a refused euthanasia or assisted suicide request and 245 about a granted EAS request. Concerns about specific aspects of the euthanasia and assisted suicide process, such as the emotional burden of preparing and performing euthanasia or assisted suicide were commonly reported by physicians who refused and who granted a request. Pressure to grant a request was mostly experienced by physicians who refused a request, especially if the patient was ≥80 years, had a life-expectancy of ≥6 months and did not have cancer. The large majority of physicians reported contradictory emotions after having performed euthanasia or assisted suicide. Conclusions Society should be aware of the impact of euthanasia and assisted suicide requests on physicians. The tension physicians experience may decrease their willingness to perform euthanasia and assisted suicide. On the other hand, physicians should not be forced to cross their own moral boundaries or be tempted to perform euthanasia and assisted suicide in cases that may not meet the due care criteria.

From textual orality to oral textuality: The case of voice queries

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-941
Author(s):  
Oren Soffer
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The One

This study analyzes the phenomenon of digital voice search queries against the background of the fluid and changing balance in the orality–literacy osmosis of different historical eras. In attempting to theoretically conceptualize the unique oral characteristics of this new digital feature, this article argues that as the result of technological considerations, voice querying manifests an attempt to discipline oral words – to pronounce them while thinking of their written form. The article also considers the oxymoron of ‘looking up’ information through spoken words; the effect of an interface that stresses the use of the oral words as an event; the devocalization of queries, as they transform into a written form; and the implications of browsing the Internet through oral word searches, especially for young children. It concludes that the integration of these oral features can be explained by the affordances of digital media on the one hand and the ‘revival’ of intuitive preprint features attempting to ease the cognitive demands of print culture on the other hand.

scholarly journals Internet y el discurso islámico

2018 ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Farouk Ait Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Internet Access ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Terrorism ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Internet está produciendo cambios muy importantes a nivel de intercambiode información entre personas. De hecho, a través de internet, el accesoa la información útil ha pasado de ser un privilegio a un derecho garantizado. Sinembargo, en esta era digital, la circulación de todo tipo de información no siempretiene un lado positivo.Internet tiene la capacidad de modernizar la percepción de la religión y el islamno es una excepción. Por lo que es importante conocer, por un lado, la influenciaque ejerce internet en el desarrollo del discurso islámico y, por el otro, losdiscursos islámicos que cuentan con más apoyo. El tema de la presencia de unosdiscursos islámicos financiados por parte de algunos actores llama la atención porel hecho de que demuestran la intención clara de querer manipular y controlar a losmusulmanes. Además, la radicalización de los musulmanes a través de internet esun tema que cada vez cobra más importancia, de ahí la necesidad de indagar en losfactores que separan la radicalización del terrorismo islámico.Internet is producing very important changes in the exchange ofinformation between people. In fact, through the internet, access to useful informationhas gone from being a privilege to a guaranteed right. However, in thisdigital age, the circulation of all kinds of information does not always have a positiveside.The Internet can modernize the perception of religion and Islam is no exception.Therefore, it is important to know, on the one hand, the influence of the interneton the development of Islamic discourse and, on the other hand, the Islamicdiscourses that have the most support. The issue of the presence of some Islamicspeeches financed by some actors draws attention to the fact that they demonstratethe clear intention of wanting to manipulate and control Muslims. Also, the radicalizationof Muslims through the internet is an issue that is becoming increasingly more important, hence the need to investigate about the factors that separateradicalism from Islamic terrorism.

Cultural Matrix of the Online Hindutva Discourse in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishek Ray
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The One

The promise of ‘Digital India’ has, on the one hand, supplied a new vocabulary of political participation, and, on the other hand, consolidated techniques of statist control. Taking off from here, this article examines the constituency of the Hindutva discourse online, and how the performativity of Hindutva reconfigures the digital public sphere. It seeks to understand: How do the ideologues of Hindutva territorialize certain online spaces? How does the Internet equip them with new imaginations and vocabulary of political partisanship? How does this provoke the political Other—the counterpublics—against which their identity is recast and amplified? These three questions constitute the central problematic of the article.

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