Digital Libraries and Copyright Issues

2011 ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Lucas-Schloetter
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
The Public ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Legal Challenges

While cultural institutions such as libraries, museums and archives wish to digitize their collections for preservation purposes and make the world’s cultural heritage available to the public, private entities are launching projects to provide access to digitized contents through Internet search engines. This may, however, raise copyright issues, particularly in case of “opt-out” programs such as Google’s Book Search, where rights holders have to specifically request that their copyrighted works be excluded from the project. This chapter highlights the legal challenges involved in the digitization of works from libraries’ collections and the subsequent use of the digital files.

scholarly journals Online Public Attention During the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study Based on Baidu Index (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Yangyang Han ◽  
Mengchi Hou ◽  
Rui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Death Cases

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global public health event, attracting worldwide attention. As a tool to monitor public awareness, internet search engines have been widely used in public health emergencies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to use online search data (Baidu Index) to monitor the public’s attention and verify internet search engines’ function in public attention monitoring of public health emergencies. METHODS We collected the Baidu Index and the case monitoring data from January 20, 2020, to April 20, 2020. We combined the Baidu Index of keywords related to COVID-19 to describe the public attention’s temporal trend and spatial distribution, and conducted the time lag cross-correlation analysis. RESULTS The Baidu Index temporal trend indicated that the changes of the Baidu Index had a clear correspondence with the development time node of the pandemic. The Baidu Index spatial distribution showed that in the regions of central and eastern China, with denser populations, larger internet user bases, and higher economic development levels, the public was more concerned about COVID-19. In addition, the Baidu Index was significantly correlated with six case indicators of new confirmed cases, new death cases, new cured discharge cases, cumulative confirmed cases, cumulative death cases, and cumulative cured discharge cases. Moreover, the Baidu Index was 0-4 days earlier than new confirmed and new death cases, and about 20 days earlier than new cured and discharged cases while 3-5 days later than the change of cumulative cases. CONCLUSIONS The national public’s demand for epidemic information is urgent regardless of whether it is located in the hardest hit area. The public was more sensitive to the daily new case data that represents the progress of the epidemic, but the public’s attention to the epidemic situation in other areas may lag behind. We could set the Baidu Index as the sentinel and the database in the online infoveillance system for infectious disease and public health emergencies. According to the monitoring data, the government needs to prevent and control the possible outbreak in advance and communicate the risks to the public so as to ensure the physical and psychological health of the public in the epidemic.

scholarly journals Presenting and Promoting Cultural Heritage with Digital Media, Marketing Approaches and Methods. Good Examples

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Mirena Todorova-Ekmekci ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Marketing Methods

Making the cultural and historical heritage of countries available and attractive to a broad public, including in a digital way, is a key to making it survive and be acknowledged and well-maintained in time. Researches and practices show that cultural objects, which are digitalized and promoted, are much more known, visited and attract better investments. Digital tools are more and more used – tools like video presentation, 3D models, interactive photos and video with objects, interactive presentations and games, online tours and life events in social media. Especially, after COVID-19 anti-epidemic measures were imposed, such digital and marketing methods of presentation and promotion became a necessity for museums, cultural institutions, events, festivals and other forms of cultural heritage, in order to continue their existence, work and reach to the public. The paper explores good practices and examples and a variety of media and marketing approaches and methods, which can be used for digital presenting and promotion of cultural heritage, historical objects, places and intangible cultural heritage. Keywords: Digital Marketing; Media; Cultural and Historical Heritage; Presentation; Promotion; Dissemination; Good Practices; Good Examples; Methods; Approaches; Digitalization

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing 3D cultural heritage: best practice for mass photogrammetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Ch’ng ◽  
Shengdan Cai ◽  
Tong Evelyn Zhang ◽  
Fui-Theng Leow
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Integrated Development Environments ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the rationale for democratising the digital reproduction of cultural heritage via “mass photogrammetry”, by providing approaches to digitise objects from cultural heritage collections housed in museums or private spaces using devices and photogrammetry techniques accessible to the public. The paper is intended as a democratised approach rather than as a “scientific approach” for the purpose that mass photogrammetry can be achieved at scale.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology aims to convert the art of photogrammetry into a more mechanical approach by overcoming common difficulties faced within exhibition spaces. This approach is replicable and allows anyone possessing inexpensive equipment with basic knowledge of photogrammetry to achieve acceptable results.FindingsThe authors present the experience of acquiring over 300 3D models through photogrammetry from over 25 priority sites and museums in East Asia. The approach covers the entire process from capturing to editing, and importing 3D models into integrated development environments for displays such as interactive 3D, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality.Practical implicationsThe simplistic approach for democratised, mass photogrammetry has implications for stirring public interests in the digital preservation of heritage objects in countries where museums and cultural institutions have little access to digital teams, provided that Intellectual Property issues are cared for. The approach to mass photogrammetry also means that personal cultural heritage objects hidden within the homes of various societies and relics in circulation in the antiques market can be made accessible globally at scale.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on the complete practical nature of photogrammetry conducted within cultural institutions. The authors provide a means for the public to conduct good photogrammetry so that all cultural heritage objects can be digitally recorded and shared globally so as to promote the cross-cultural appreciation of material cultures from the past.

The Role of Museums in a Digital World – Attracting Youth and Overcoming COVID19 Obstacles

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Jelena Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Museum Experience ◽  
Final Proof

In the world of digital technology, overwhelmed with information and content, digitalization is often perceived as a process of alienation. This article will challenge that perception and demonstrate that digital museums actually present a unique opportunity to develop interest in art and attracting people not only to art in general but to on-site cultural institutions as well. Digital museums can, among other roles, assume the role of interpreting cultural heritage, but are also the best way to attract a young au-dience to art. This article examines the opportunities provided by digital technology for museums in terms of communication and dissemination of knowledge. The particular emphasis will be on the use of digital collections as well as on connecting and interacting with the public, particularly with a young au-dience. If there was any doubt about the importance and influence of digital museums, the COVID-19 pandemic was a final proof that digital museums have a much greater value than is generally admitted, and that they have become an indispensable part of the overall museum experience in all museums that have been able to develop them as a part of overall museum strategy.

scholarly journals Online Public Attention During the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study Based on Baidu Index

10.2196/23098 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e23098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Yangyang Han ◽  
Mengchi Hou ◽  
Rui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Death Cases

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global public health event, attracting worldwide attention. As a tool to monitor public awareness, internet search engines have been widely used in public health emergencies. Objective This study aims to use online search data (Baidu Index) to monitor the public’s attention and verify internet search engines’ function in public attention monitoring of public health emergencies. Methods We collected the Baidu Index and the case monitoring data from January 20, 2020, to April 20, 2020. We combined the Baidu Index of keywords related to COVID-19 to describe the public attention’s temporal trend and spatial distribution, and conducted the time lag cross-correlation analysis. Results The Baidu Index temporal trend indicated that the changes of the Baidu Index had a clear correspondence with the development time node of the pandemic. The Baidu Index spatial distribution showed that in the regions of central and eastern China, with denser populations, larger internet user bases, and higher economic development levels, the public was more concerned about COVID-19. In addition, the Baidu Index was significantly correlated with six case indicators of new confirmed cases, new death cases, new cured discharge cases, cumulative confirmed cases, cumulative death cases, and cumulative cured discharge cases. Moreover, the Baidu Index was 0-4 days earlier than new confirmed and new death cases, and about 20 days earlier than new cured and discharged cases while 3-5 days later than the change of cumulative cases. Conclusions The national public’s demand for epidemic information is urgent regardless of whether it is located in the hardest hit area. The public was more sensitive to the daily new case data that represents the progress of the epidemic, but the public’s attention to the epidemic situation in other areas may lag behind. We could set the Baidu Index as the sentinel and the database in the online infoveillance system for infectious disease and public health emergencies. According to the monitoring data, the government needs to prevent and control the possible outbreak in advance and communicate the risks to the public so as to ensure the physical and psychological health of the public in the epidemic.

Biblical Literacy and the English King James Liberal Bible

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
James Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Biblical Literacy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Arena ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Liberal Capitalism ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Popular Nationalism ◽  
King James Bible

Using the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible as a test case, this article illustrates some of the important ways in which the Bible is understood and consumed and how it has continued to survive in an age of neoliberalism and postmodernity. It is clear that instant recognition of the Bible-as-artefact, multiple repackaging and pithy biblical phrases, combined with a popular nationalism, provide distinctive strands of this understanding and survival. It is also clear that the KJV is seen as a key part of a proud English cultural heritage and tied in with traditions of democracy and tolerance, despite having next to nothing to do with either. Anything potentially problematic for Western liberal discourse (e.g. calling outsiders “dogs,” smashing babies heads against rocks, Hades-fire for the rich, killing heretics, using the Bible to convert and colonize, etc.) is effectively removed, or even encouraged to be removed, from such discussions of the KJV and the Bible in the public arena. In other words, this is a decaffeinated Bible that has been colonized by, and has adapted to, Western liberal capitalism.

The Specific Features of Public Relations Maintained by Libraries, Acting as Cultural Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Radosław Molenda
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Significant Question

Showing the specificity of the work of the contemporary library, and the variety of its tasks, which go far beyond the lending of books. The specificity of the library’s public relations concerning different aspects of its activity. The internal and external functions of the library’s public relations and their specificity. The significant question of motivating the social environment to use the offer of libraries, and simulta-neously the need to change the negative perception of the library, which discourages part of its poten-tial users from taking advantage of its services. The negative stereotypes of librarians’ work perpetuated in the public consciousness and their harmful character. The need to change the public relations of libra-ries and librarians with a view to improving the realization of the tasks they face. Showing the public relations tools which may serve to change the image of librarians and libraries with particular emphasis on social media. This article is a review article, highlighting selected research on the librarian’s stereo-type and suggesting actions that change the image of librarians and libraries.

scholarly journals Does the Law Determine What Heritage to Remember?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Sophie de Clippele
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ideological Manipulation

AbstractCultural heritage can offer tangible and intangible traces of the past. A past that shapes cultural identity, but also a past from which one sometimes wishes to detach oneself and which nevertheless needs to be remembered, even commemorated. These themes of memory, history and oblivion are examined by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur in his work La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli (2000). Inspired by these ideas, this paper analyses how they are closely linked to cultural heritage. Heritage serves as a support for memory, even if it can be mishandled, which in turn can affect heritage policies. Memory and heritage can be abused as a result of wounds from the past or for reasons of ideological manipulation or because of a political will to force people to remember. Furthermore, heritage, as a vehicule of memory, contributes to historical knowledge, but can remain marked by a certain form of subjectivism during the heritage and conservation operation, for which heritage professionals (representatives of the public authority or other experts) are responsible. Yet, the responsibility for conserving cultural heritage also implies the need to avoid any loss of heritage, and to fight against oblivion. Nonetheless, this struggle cannot become totalitarian, nor can it deprive the community of a sometimes salutary oblivion to its own identity construction. These theoretical and philosophical concepts shall be examined in the light of legal discourse, and in particular in Belgian legislation regarding cultural heritage. It is clear that the shift from monument to heritage broadens the legal scope and consequently raises the question of who gets to decide what is considered heritage according to the law, and whether there is something such as a collective human right to cultural heritage. Nonetheless, this broadening of the legislation extends the State intervention into cultural heritage, which in turn entails certain risks, as will be analysed with Belgium’s colonial heritage.

Volumetric Video in Augmented Reality Applications for Museological Narratives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Néill O’dwyer ◽  
Emin Zerman ◽  
Gareth W. Young ◽  
Aljosa Smolic ◽  
Siobhán Dunne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Live Action ◽  
Capture Technique

Cross-reality technologies are quickly establishing themselves as commonplace platforms for presenting objects of historical, scientific, artistic, and cultural interest to the public. In this space, augmented reality (AR) is notably successful in delivering cultural heritage applications, including architectural and environmental heritage reconstruction, exhibition data management and representation, storytelling, and exhibition curation. Generally, it has been observed that the nature of information delivery in applications created for narrating exhibitions tends to be informative and formal. Here we report on the assessment of a pilot scene for a prototype AR application that attempts to break this mold by employing a humorous and playful mode of communication. This bespoke AR experience harnessed the cutting-edge live-action capture technique of volumetric video to create a digital tour guide that playfully embellished the museological experience of the museum visitors. This applied research article consists of measuring, presenting, and discussing the appeal, interest, and ease of use of this ludic AR storytelling strategy mediated via AR technology in a cultural heritage context.

scholarly journals Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Yixiong Xiao ◽  
Shaoqing Shen ◽  
Mo Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The City

Cities around the globe are embracing the Healthy Cities approach to address urban health challenges. Public awareness is vital for successfully deploying this approach but is rarely assessed. In this study, we used internet search queries to evaluate the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach applied in Shenzhen, China. The overall situation at the city level and the intercity variations were both analyzed. Additionally, we explored the factors that might affect the internet search queries of the Healthy Cities approach. Our results showed that the public awareness of the approach in Shenzhen was low. There was a high intercity heterogeneity in terms of interest in the various components of the Healthy Cities approach. However, we did not find a significant effect of the selected demographic, environmental, and health factors on the search queries. Based on our findings, we recommend that the city raise public awareness of healthy cities and take actions tailored to health concerns in different city zones. Our study showed that internet search queries can be a valuable data source for assessing the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach.

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