Civic Technology and Data for Good

2022 ◽  
pp. 1330-1345
Author(s):  
John G. McNutt ◽  
Lauri Goldkind
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Advanced Analytics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Civic Technology

Governments have long dealt with the issue of engaging their constituents in the process of governance, and e-participation efforts have been a part of this effort. Almost all of these efforts have been controlled by government. Civic technology and data4good, fueled by the movement toward open government and open civic data, represent a sea change in this relationship. A similar movement is data for good, which uses volunteer data scientists to address social problems using advanced analytics and large datasets. Working through a variety of organizations, they apply the power of data to problems. This chapter will explore these possibilities and outline a set of scenarios that might be possible. The chapter has four parts. The first part looks at citizen participation in broad brush, with special attention to e-participation. The next two sections look at civic technology and data4good. The final section looks at the possible changes that these two embryonic movements can have on the structure of participation in government and to the nature of public management.

Civic Technology and Data for Good

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
John G. McNutt ◽  
Lauri Goldkind
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Advanced Analytics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Civic Technology

Governments have long dealt with the issue of engaging their constituents in the process of governance, and e-participation efforts have been a part of this effort. Almost all of these efforts have been controlled by government. Civic technology and data4good, fueled by the movement toward open government and open civic data, represent a sea change in this relationship. A similar movement is data for good, which uses volunteer data scientists to address social problems using advanced analytics and large datasets. Working through a variety of organizations, they apply the power of data to problems. This chapter will explore these possibilities and outline a set of scenarios that might be possible. The chapter has four parts. The first part looks at citizen participation in broad brush, with special attention to e-participation. The next two sections look at civic technology and data4good. The final section looks at the possible changes that these two embryonic movements can have on the structure of participation in government and to the nature of public management.

scholarly journals Transparencia y Gobernanza en la Gestión de la Crisis de COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (68) ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Lorayne Finol Romero
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Collective Benefit

The state of emergency at COVID-19 tests the capabilities of the world's governments, in contexts of increasing political conflict, where social needs and aspirations for justice and equity grow exponentially, all which impact on the structuring of a post-coronavirus order with uncertain characteristics. In this sense, through a documentary methodology and the analysis of official government management data, the objective of the article is to describe the meaning of transparency and governance policies implemented within the framework of the health crisis of the pandemic of the new coronavirus, from the perspective of the open government with special emphasis on the cases of Chile and Colombia. The main findings of the research emphasize that open data policy is a necessary condition for qualitatively increasing the levels of governance and transparency of public management in crisis management, all of which makes it possible to conclude that the open government model makes public information available to the citizen that positions him as a watchdog for government activities but, at the same time, the data, being timely and comprehensive, promote the creation of initiatives for collective benefit.

scholarly journals Working Environment Activities in Hospitals: Expansion of Scope and Decentralization of Responsibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Christian Borgen ◽  
Bente Vibecke Lunde
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Final Section ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
New Public ◽  
Over Time

This article analyzes how two development traits in the regulatory requirements for Working Environment (WE) activities – an expansion of scope and a decentralization of responsibility – are understood and handled over time by actors responsible for WE activities in Norwegian hospitals. The expanded scope of WE activities is studied based on the requirements outlined in The Working Environment Act, public health science theory, and the WE challenges in hospitals. The decentralized responsibility for WE activities is studied based on Internal Control (IC) reform and other hospital reforms inspired by New Public Management (NPM). The final section of the article discusses the effects of the two development traits, and how these enlarge the line manager’s area of responsibility. The article is based on a qualitative, longitudinal study conducted in three Norwegian hospitals in 1998-1999 and 2013.

scholarly journals Participatory Urban Planning: What Would Make Planners Trust the Citizens?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Åström
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
General Weakness

Based on the critical stance of citizens towards urban planning, growing attention has been directed towards new forms of citizen participation. A key expectation is that advanced digital technologies will reconnect citizens and decision makers and enhance trust in planning. However, empirical evidence suggests participation by itself does not foster trust, and many scholars refer to a general weakness of these initiatives to deliver the expected outcomes. Considering that trust is reciprocal, this article will switch focus and concentrate on planners’ attitudes towards citizens. Do urban planners generally think that citizens are trustworthy? Even though studies show that public officials are more trusting than people in general, it is possible that they do not trust citizens when interacting with government. However, empirical evidence is scarce. While there is plenty of research on citizens’ trust in government, public officials trust in citizens has received little scholarly attention. To address this gap, we will draw on a survey targeted to a representative sample of public managers in Swedish local government (N = 1430). First, urban planners will be compared with other public officials when it comes to their level of trust toward citizens’ ability, integrity and benevolence. In order to understand variations in trust, a set of institutional factors will thereafter be tested, along with more commonly used individual factors. In light of the empirical findings, the final section of the article returns to the idea of e-participation as a trust-building strategy. What would make planners trust the citizens in participatory urban planning?

The impact of open government data on accountability and transparency

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Saxena ◽  
Irfan Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Accountability, citizen participation and transparency are the three pillars on which open government data (OGD) is based. As such, OGD implies that the government shall provide data freely via the internet so that the same may be re-used for diverse purposes. It is hoped that by re-using government data, public value shall be co-created and government services might be improved upon with the involvement of different stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to underline the impact of OGD on accountability and transparency in the context of Pakistan where OGD initiative is taking roots for quite some time now. In the present study, the authors seek to investigate the challenges being faced by the professionals in the private sector and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) in Pakistan. Besides, the authors also seek inputs from the respondents in the manner in which OGD initiative of Pakistan has impact on ensuring accountability and transparency. Design/methodology/approach For conducting the review of the national OGD portal of Pakistan, the authors invoke documentary analysis wherein the authors investigate the features of the national OGD portal of Pakistan. Furthermore, the authors conducted structured interviews with 49 senior management representatives from private sector and NGOs in order to gauge the challenges encountered by them in tapping OGD from diverse online public sources. Findings Respondents aver that robust statistical analysis is not feasible via the data sets being shared by the online sources. More initiatives are required on the part of the government bodies to release the data sets which have remained confined in silos. Government should institutionalize an OGD policy and promote the re-use of OGD by the professionals from diverse backgrounds. At present, only educational data are being shared by the OGD portal of Pakistan and it is important that more data sets are being released in the public domain. Furthermore, the respondents perceive that in a bid to be more accountable and transparent, the government bodies should release data sets via the online channels which are user-friendly. Research limitations/implications The present study conducted a qualitative research where the number of respondents was relatively less. Further research is required by adopting quantitative approach in order to accommodate more respondents and lend reliability to the study. Nevertheless, the study holds implications for academicians and practitioners in the sense that while it is needed that further research be conducted on the OGD initiative of Pakistan, it is imperative that policy makers get involved in institutionalizing the OGD initiative of Pakistan at national and local levels. Social implications Professionals might be better involved in creating and co-creating products and services by tapping OGD. Originality/value Given that OGD initiative in Pakistan is in a nascent stage and research is wanting in exploring the nature and scope of Pakistan’s OGD, the present study seeks to contribute toward the existing OGD literature.

scholarly journals Learning from Our Mistakes: Public Management Reform and the Hope of Open Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Alex Ingrams ◽  
Suzanne Piotrowski ◽  
Daniel Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Management Reform ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Unexpected Consequences

Abstract In public administration today, many new reform ideas mingle, offering new diagnoses of governmental problems and courses of action. But scholars have highlighted reasons why we should doubt the optimistic claims of reformists. A new set of policy tools called “open government” arrived nearly a decade ago, and scholars have not yet explained its origins or prospects as specific approach to management reform. In this article, we address this lacuna. We compare open government with three other historic reforms, and analyze how likely its ideas are to bear fruit. In so doing, we introduce a framework for evaluating risks inherent in any new reform approach. We conclude that the challenges faced by open government are both new and old, but—like all reform approaches—they result from management challenges in reconciling competing interests and values that raise tensions and can lead to unexpected consequences. We argue that these will need careful attention if the open government approach is to have any hope of succeeding.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinarity, Citizen Participation and Geographic Information System, Cross-Cutting Strategies for Sustainable Development in Rural Heritage. The Case Study of Valverde de Burguillos (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9628
Author(s):  
Julia Rey-Pérez ◽  
Victoria Domínguez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Framework

The pace at which cities grow and its impact on heritage management has meant that those heritage assets not linked to the traditionally monumental have been directly doomed to oblivion. The purpose of this article is to present a research methodology backed up by multidisciplinarity and stakeholders’ diversity that allows us to highlight the values and singular aspects of this rural heritage. To achieve this, a methodology was devised that is divided into three phases: mapping of human, cultural, and natural resources based on studies undertaken by the Public Sector Administration, experts, and the citizens themselves. The second phase involved the establishment of what to protect amongst all the stakeholders involved. Finally, the third stage entails integration of the information within an urban development framework. In order to work on the development of a diagnosis from three highly different approaches, Geographic Information Systems was used as information management tools, as a means of contrasting it and performing a comprehensive analysis of the same. The development of such a holistic approach provided a patrimonial map of essential resources in the municipality to be taken into account to shape sustainable development strategies inherent to a rural environment of low density. The lack of this comprehensive approach when managing rural heritage in which citizens take on centre stage in decision-making processes unearths two fundamental issues: firstly, the ascertainment of the existence of cultural heritage hitherto abandoned, alongside the need to endow urban governance powers to the public administration, as it falls to them to spearhead this shift in public management.

Printing and Social Control in Russia 2: Decrees

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Final Section ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Almost All

AbstractOn 16 March 1714 Peter I issued a decree on the printing of decrees. Previously all decrees (ukazy), and indeed almost all legislative texts apart from the 1649 law code (Ulozhenie) of Aleksei Mikhailovich, had been issued in manuscript and disseminated through hand-written copies and oral proclamation. Peter's decree on the use of print was a landmark in the administrative uses of printing in Russia. It was intended as such by Peter, and perceived as such by his successors. The continued success of this initiative is contrasted with the repeated failure of other projects for the systematic use of printing in legislation: the attempts to produce a new systematic code, and to publish regular chronological compilations of laws. This article considers the context, implications, and consequences of Peter's innovative ruling. The main questions under consideration are: why had printing not been used for these purposes earlier? what specific functions was the technology called upon to fulfil? and what were its relations with other technologies? Particular attention is paid to the perceived and actual roles of printing as an aid to (i) distribution, (ii) standardization, and (iii) the emblematic projection of authority. In each case, printing is considered not in isolation, but in its relations with the uses of manuscript and speech. A final section considers some ways in which Peter's instruction was followed or adapted by his 18th-century successors.

The emergence of local open government: Determinants of citizen participation in online service reporting

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Schmidthuber ◽  
Dennis Hilgers ◽  
Thomas Gegenhuber ◽  
Stefan Etzelstorfer
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Online Service
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