Ethical Consumerism in Kingdom of Bahrain

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Asma Ayari
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Ethical Consumerism ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Organizational Transparency ◽  
Cultural Shifts ◽  
Over Time

Today, with the growing number of consumers caring about where products come from, companies need to be at the forefront of this upward trend if they want to maintain their profit. In this chapter the authors presented an overview of ethical consumerism in the kingdom of Bahrain. They also highlighted how societal and cultural shifts have influenced Bahraini consumerism over time. The chapter begins by discussing the debatable origins of ethical consumerism since longtime. Throughout the chapter, there is an emphasis on the importance of the ethical consumerism to achieve sustainability target, with particular attention to how ethical consumerism gives a competitive advantage to the organization. The chapter shows also how organizational transparency is a strategic key to build trust and influence costumers' behavior. The chapter also argues that government support is important to influence ethical consumerism by creating laws and policies.

scholarly journals Rough diamonds in emerging markets: legacy, competitiveness, and sustained high performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-386
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Park ◽  
Gerardo R. Ungson
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Institutional Voids ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover the underlying drivers of sustained high performing companies based on a field study of 127 companies in Brazilian, Russian, Indian and Chinese (BRIC) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) emerging markets. Understanding these companies provides a complementary way of appraising the growth, development and transformation of emerging markets. The authors synthesize the findings in an overarching framework that covers six strategies for building and sustaining legacy that leads to the succession of intergenerational wealth over time: overcoming institutional voids, inclusive markets, deepening localization, nurturing government support, building core competencies and harnessing human capital. The authors relate these strategies to different levels of development using Prahalad and Hart’s BOP framework. Design/methodology/approach This study examines the underlying drivers of sustained high-performance companies based on field studies from an initial set of 105,260 BRIC companies and close to 500 companies in ASEAN. The methods employed four screening tests to arrive at a selection of the highest-performing firms: 70 firms in the BRIC nations and 58 firms from ASEAN. Following the selection, the authors constructed cases using primary interviews and secondary data, with the assistance of Ernst & Young and with academic colleagues in Manila. These studies were originally conducted in two separate time periods and reported accordingly. This paper synthesizes the findings of these two studies to arrive at an extended integrative framework. Findings From the cases, the authors examine six strategies for building and sustaining legacy that lead to high performance over time: overcoming institutional voids, creating inclusive markets, deepening localization, nurturing government support, building core competencies and harnessing human capital. To address the evolving state of institutional voids in these countries, the authors employ similar methods to hypothesize the placement of these strategies in the context of the world economic pyramid, initially formulated as the “bottom of the pyramid” framework. Originality/value This paper synthesizes and extends the authors’ previous works by proposing the concept of legacy to describe the emergence and succession of local exemplary firms in emerging markets. This study aims to complement extant measures of nation-growth based primarily on GDP. The paper also extends the literature on institutional voids in shifting the focus from the mix of voids to their evolving state. Altogether, the paper provides a complementary narrative on assessing the market potential of emerging markets by adopting several categories of performance.

Analysing the importance of international knowledge, orientation, networking and commitment as entrepreneurial culture and market orientation in gaining competitive advantage and international performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Falahat ◽  
Pedro Soto-Acosta ◽  
T. Ramayah
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
International Knowledge ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThis study argues that having an entrepreneurial culture and market orientation are critical for young enterprises to gain competitive advantage and superior international performance. We investigate how young entrepreneurial companies despite their limited resources and experience expand rapidly in foreign markets almost from their inception.Design/methodology/approachThis investigation uses a mixed-methods approach, combining in-depth interviews and survey data. In-depth interviews lead us to conceptualise a model highlighting the importance of international knowledge, international orientation, international networking and international commitment as entrepreneurial culture and market orientation for gaining competitive advantage and, in return, superior performance in the international market. Then, the derived conceptual model is empirically tested on a sample of Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).FindingsResults show that entrepreneurial culture is positively associated with competitive advantage and international performance, while market orientation is positively related to competitive advantage but not to international performance. In addition, government support strengthens the positive effect of competitive advantage on international performance.Originality/valueThis study investigation analyses the importance of entrepreneurial culture and market orientation in contributing to competitive advantage and superior performance. In addition, this study examines the critical role of government support in the relationships between entrepreneurial culture and competitive advantage and between competitive advantage and international performance.

Digital Economy and Knowledge Economics

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bhekuzulu Khumalo
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Michael Porter ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
Over Time

The digitization of information has been one of the greatest stories of the last two decades. This paper seeks to explain the meaning of this process and how it affects already established models concerning trade and knowledge economics. This paper is based on the simple premise that knowledge is the most important resource, without which nothing can be done. The paper starts by looking at the competitive advantage theory that was largely promoted by Michael Porter whose works have greatly influenced the first part of this paper. The paper then discusses the ever more important role of knowledge due to competitive advantage theory and the digitalization of information. Finally the implications and discrediting the comparative advantage theory, this theory has no place in modern economic thinking. As we have more tools in our disposal, we must investigate the importance of wave theory as well as the true meaning of competition. It also looks into the greater role collaboration will play in the future. The paper briefly discusses the effects that the digitization of information will have over time.

Knowledge Asset Dynamics and Firm Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 188-204
Author(s):  
Karim Moustaghfir
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Value Drivers ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Asset ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Competitive Forces ◽  
Over Time

In an economy characterized by rapid change, continuous innovation and high intensity and dynamism of competition, the analysis of strategy and competitive advantage has shifted from the more aggregate competitive forces to the idea that firms are essentially different and compete on the basis of their specific physical, human and organizational resources. The key to this new view of the firm as a collection of resources both human and material is understanding the relationships between resources, capabilities, competitive advantage, and profitability, in particular, an understanding of the mechanisms through which competitive advantage can be sustained over time. Even if knowledge assets have been widely recognized as the firm’s main value drivers, little guidance is provided of how these unique attributes affect the firm’s profitability and its overall performance. Through a case study research in the IT sector, this chapter provides empirical evidence as regards such interdependencies and analyze the effects of knowledge asset dynamics on firm’s performance and value creation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Party Positions, Asset Ownership, and Economic Voting

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hellwig ◽  
Ian McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Over Time

Conventional wisdom holds that asset owners favor parties on the center-right. This assumption, however, ignores the possibility that party positions may shift over time and across contexts. The electoral payoff from ownership thus depends on how the policies of the major parties treat those assets. In this article, we argue that the prediction that asset holders support right-of-center parties rests on the position-taking strategies of parties. We test this expectation with evidence from six elections in Australia and with a dataset of post-election surveys in 25 advanced democracies. Utilizing different measures for key concepts, both analyses support our claims. Study findings identify the supply side of electoral competition as an important condition for patrimonial economic voting and, more generally, confirm the role of parties in mobilizing voters around issues on which they have a competitive advantage.

Traditional Principals’ Reaction to a Charter School Opening

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-291
Author(s):  
Dana L. Bickmore
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Charter School ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Multiple Case Studies ◽  
Perceptual Changes ◽  
Principals Perceptions ◽  
Over Time

Using multiple case studies, I examined how three traditional principals reacted and responded over time to the opening of a charter school in their attendance boundaries. Findings suggest principals’ reactions to competition shifted based on their perceptions of their status and competitive advantage in the market. These perceptual changes were the result of interactions with parents/guardians, staff, teachers, and students. This study has implications for how principals’ perceptions over time may affect engagement in competitive markets.

Anorexia Nervosa

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Fombonne
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Secular Increase ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundThis paper examines the evidence that rates of anorexia nervosa have increased over time.MethodEpidemiological studies that have provided time trends in incidence rates in specific countries or psychiatric registers and prevalence surveys were reviewed to assess whether or not prevalence estimates are higher in the most recent studies.ResultsEstimated trends in incidence rates showed an increase but no study ruled out plausible alternative explanations. Studies showing no upward trend were as numerous and were generally based on larger samples. Analysis of 29 cross-sectional surveys conducted over the last 25 years indicated that the median prevalence rate was 1.3 per 1000 females. There was no indication that more recent surveys yielded higher prevalence rates.ConclusionAnorexia nervosa remains a rare disorder and there is no evidence of a secular increase in its incidence.

scholarly journals Impact of agricultural supports on competitiveness of agricultural products

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 286-295
Author(s):  
Hasan Arisoy
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Political Variable ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The agricultural sector is being supported in Turkey, as well as in the world. The issue of competitiveness is observed in agriculture, despite supports. This study aims at investigating the impact of agricultural supports in Turkey on competitiveness of agricultural products. Vector autoregression (VAR) model has been adopted in the study. The internal terms of trade (TOT), percentage producer support estimate (PSE), and the producer nominal protection coefficient (NPC) variables have been included in the model. The internal terms of trade in Turkey have developed over time against the benefit of agricultural sector. PSE has had a significant impact on TOT. Therefore, the use of PSE as a political variable has been concluded as a significant. Means of support must be discussed in Turkey more than the amount of supports. In particular, supports that will provide farmers with competitive advantage and boost up product farmyard prices will be more efficient and beneficial for farmers.

Relationships Among Speech Perception, Production, Language, Hearing Loss, and Age in Children With Impaired Hearing

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Blamey ◽  
Julia Z. Sarant ◽  
Louise E. Paatsch ◽  
Johanna G. Barry ◽  
Catherine P. Bow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Over Time

Eighty-seven primary-school children with impaired hearing were evaluated using speech perception, production, and language measures over a 3-year period. Forty-seven children with a mean unaided pure-tone-average hearing loss of 106 dB HL used a 22-electrode cochlear implant, and 40 with a mean unaided puretone-average hearing loss of 78 dB HL were fitted with hearing aids. All children were enrolled in oral/aural habilitation programs, and most attended integrated classes with normally hearing children for part of the time at school. Multiple linear regression was used to describe the relationships among the speech perception, production, and language measures, and the trends over time. Little difference in the level of performance and trends was found for the two groups of children, so the perceptual effect of the implant is equivalent, on average, to an improvement of about 28 dB in hearing thresholds. Scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals showed an upward trend at about 60% of the rate for normally hearing children. Rates of improvement for individual children were not correlated significantly with degree of hearing loss. The children showed a wide scatter about the average speech production score of 40% of words correctly produced in spontaneous conversations, with no significant upward trend with age. Scores on the open-set Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) monosyllabic word test and the Bench-Kowal-Bamford (BKB) sentence test were strongly related to language level (as measured by an equivalent age on the PPVT) and speech production scores for both auditory-visual and auditory test conditions. After allowing for differences in language, speech perception scores in the auditory test condition showed a slight downward trend over time, which is consistent with the known biological effects of hearing loss on the auditory periphery and brainstem. Speech perception scores in the auditory condition also decreased significantly by about 5% for every 10 dB of hearing loss in the hearing aid group. The regression analysis model allows separation of the effects of language, speech production, and hearing levels on speech perception scores so that the effects of habilitation and training in these areas can be observed and/or predicted. The model suggests that most of the children in the study will reach a level of over 90% sentence recognition in the auditory-visual condition when their language becomes equivalent to that of a normally hearing 7-year-old, but they will enter secondary school at age 12 with an average language delay of about 4 or 5 years unless they receive concentrated and effective language training.

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