Modelling and Simulation Platform for Chemical Plume Tracking and Source Localization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1489-1518
Author(s):  
Tien-Fu Lu ◽  
Mohamed Awadalla
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Autonomous Robot ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Plume Tracking ◽  
Chemical Plume

Using autonomous robot to detect chemical emissions and track plumes caused by fire, toxic gas leakage and explosive at their early stages, and swiftly localize their sources can avoid risking human health and potentially save lives. The benefits of deploying autonomous robot(s) rather than human beings in performing such hazardous tasks are obvious. Even though using real robots to research, develop, and experiment in real environment are normally preferred, modelling and simulation are indeed sometimes better options when such as a consistent and repeatable complex environment with controllable variables (i.e. wind velocity and plume propagation in this case) for experiments is important. This chapter presents one out of many possible modelling and simulation approaches for the research related to chemical plume tracking and source localization using robots, and covers the modelling of robot, the modelling of the environment, and the integration of both to become a platform.

Interventions for Improving Health Care Workers’ Retention in Epidemics – a Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Zarei Jelyani ◽  
Sadra Valiee ◽  
Mohammad Kia ◽  
Ali jajarmizadeh ◽  
Sajad Delavari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract Introduction: Generally, in Epidemics, such as COVID-19, health care workers (HCWs) faces many problems which lead to a shortage and weakening of human resources in the health system. Therefore, using effective strategies to retain human resources is one of the most important issues during outbreaks. This study aims to collect and classify the proposed interventions to strengthen human health resources and their sustainability during epidemics through scoping review.Methods: In this scoping review study, 2300 studies were retrieved through searching international databases –PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. The retrieved studies were screened, and finally, 50 studies were included for analysis. The strategies were classified using inductive qualitative content analysis.Results: Most of the studies were conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. The target population in 39 studies was all health workers; five studies were on physicians, five studies on nurses, and only one study on dentists. The proposed interventions were classified into five categories: preparation, protection, support, treatment, and feedback. Discussion: Most studies focused on providing interventions in one or two dimensions of human resources, but these interventions were summarized and categorized in this review. Therefore, this study has a holistic view of various dimensions of strengthening and maintaining human health resources during epidemics by providing a thematic map. Considering that human beings are multidimensional, policymakers and managers of the health system should use a set of interventions that simultaneously cover different aspects of their needs to strengthen and maintain HCWs.

scholarly journals PAH biomarkers for human health risk assessment: a review of the state-of-the-art

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. a569-s580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Silveira Franco ◽  
Adelaide Cássia Nardocci ◽  
Wanda Maria Risso Günther
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are widely distributed in the environment, and some are carcinogenic to human beings. The study of biomarkers has helped clarify the nature and magnitude of the human health risks posed by such substances. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art on PAH biomarkers for human health risk assessment and also discusses their applicability within the context of environmental management in Brazil. The article discusses the methodologies for determination of some biomarkers such as 1-hydroxypyrene and PAH-DNA adducts. Cytogenetic markers, frequency of chromosomal aberrations, and micronucleus induction were considered for the evaluation of cancer risk. The current stage of studies on validation of such biomarkers was also approached.

scholarly journals Computation of the Double Metric Dimension in Convex Polytopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Liying Pan ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
Zohaib Zahid ◽  
Sohail Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Source Localization ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Convex Polytopes ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Metric Dimension ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Source Detection ◽  
Resolving Set ◽  
Detection Problem ◽  
Rumor Spreading

A source detection problem in complex networks has been studied widely. Source localization has much importance in order to model many real-world phenomena, for instance, spreading of a virus in a computer network, epidemics in human beings, and rumor spreading on the internet. A source localization problem is to identify a node in the network that gives the best description of the observed diffusion. For this purpose, we select a subset of nodes with least size such that the source can be uniquely located. This is equivalent to find the minimal doubly resolving set of a network. In this article, we have computed the double metric dimension of convex polytopes R n and Q n by describing their minimal doubly resolving sets.

scholarly journals Concentration of Aluminum in Drinking Water of Pakistan and Its Implications on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Syeda Mehpara Farhat ◽  
Mahwish Ali
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Abundant Element ◽  
Great Exposure

Aluminum (Al), is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust but it is “excluded from biology” as development of all biota has taken place without it and there are no known biological functions linked to it. Currently anthropogenic activities have resulted in great exposure of this non-essential metal to human beings. The intake of Al has implications on human health and increases risk of various diseases. Major sources of Al include occupational exposure, food and water. Water is of greatest concern because Al is commonly bioavailable in water. The alarming situation in Pakistan about Al concentration in drinking water calls for an immediate need to design policies and legislations to ensure below average risk of this metal's effects. Limiting human exposure to Al is the only way to reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In view of the extensive literature review, we propose development of public health surveillance programs for AI at the policy level.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Human Health And Its Relevance To The Right To Health Under International Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Maryam Ishaku Gwangndi ◽  
Yahaya Abubakar Muhammad ◽  
Sule Musa Tagi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

When natural habitats are destroyed or natural resources are depleted the environment is degraded. Environmental degradation results from factors such as urbanisation, population growth, intensification of agriculture, rising energy use and transportation, climate change, pollutions arising from many sources such as technological activities. It is explored that as a result of the dynamic interplay of socio-economic factors and technological activities amongst many other factors, these have devastating consequences on human health. Thus environmental degradation consequences affect the health and the right to health of the people. Using the doctrinal method of research, we examine the confluence of environmental degradation and health from a rights perspective. An unhealthy environment possess health hazards consequently a violation of the right to health. The article recommends that states’ obligation under international law to protect the right to health should be enforceable. Human beings are entitled to right to health even as the environment needs to be protected from activities which cause environmental degradation.

New Technologies, New Challenges for Human Rights? The Work of the Council of Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Laurence Lwoff
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Fit For Purpose

Abstract Convergence of emerging technologies (e.g. biotechnologies, information and cognitive technologies) has opened new perspectives for progress with regard to human health. However, these technologies also open new possibilities for interventions on human beings, which may be more invasive, and possibly affect and modify individuals. Established practices in the field of biomedicine are also evolving in a way that exerts pressure on existing protective mechanisms. Thus, consideration is required as to whether existing human rights provisions are still fit for purpose or whether there is a need to re-examine, clarify or re-enforce them or even a need to identify new human rights and protective measures. This article gives an overview of the main issues considered by the Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe to develop a Strategic Action Plan aimed at ensuring appropriate protection of human rights in the developments in biomedicine, promoting thereby progress for human health.

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