Developmental Tasks

Author(s):  
Figen Gürsoy ◽  
Burçin Aysu

Recognizing this period and the features in this period is regarded very important in terms of evaluating, following, and supporting child development. The concept of a developmental task should be approached in each period in order to understand the development. An individual should be biologically ready to carry out the developmental tasks belonging to the period he is in. However, in addition to biological readiness, the environmental conditions like the education environment should be appropriate in order to carry out the developmental tasks. Especially in the early years, schools have crucial roles in children's fulfillment of the developmental tasks and developing. Development periods and development duties should be known in order to observe and understand the development process better. Based on this view, the development periods and the development duties are to be explained in this section.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regula P. Berger ◽  
Alexander Grob ◽  
August Flammer

This study focuses on the importance of social developmental expectations, assessed as emotional and cognitive evaluations regarding the timing and the gender-role conformity of normative developmental tasks. Two central questions were raised. First, to what degree do the timing and the gender-role conformity affect the adults' expectations? Second, how much does the adults' own gender-role orientation (GRO), classified as traditional vs. liberal, affect their expectations? A 4 (timing modus) × 2 (developmental task) × 2 (gender-role conformity)-factorial design was administered to a sample of 140 adults of both sexes, 20 to 81 years old. Coping in time and with gender-role typical career received the most approval. Typical developmental tasks were more approved by persons with a traditional than with a liberal GRO. However, the evaluation of non-typical developmental tasks was not affected by the GRO. The possibility of a shift in normative expectations toward more liberal, diverse, and self-defined female gender-roles is discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rey Bintang Pamungkas ◽  
Jeffrey .

Abstract. Introduction: The deciduous tooth period is an important period in child development. Premature loss of deciduous teeth is defined as the loss of deciduous teeth before they approach the eruption of permanent teeth. The prevalance of premature loss offered in several studies obtained was between 4.3% and 42.6%. Method: An 10 years-old-boy accompanied by her mother came to RSGMP Unjani, complaints of lower right nack teeth missing because they have to extracted since 3 mouth ago. Tooth have been extracted because of caries. Result: Result of clinical examination was found premature loss teeth 75, 74, and 85. The space in Moyers analysis was +0.2 mm in region 3 and +0.1 mm in region 4. Patient was treated with a fungsional removable-space-maintainer on teeth 75, 74, and 85. Conclusion: The results of premature loss is excess space in the arch, so to prevent further occlusion abnormalities in child’s growth and development process, we need a special appliance that is used to protect the space due to premature loss of deciduous teeth. Keywords: Premature loss, space maintainer, deciduous teeth


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e000747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian A Lancaster ◽  
Gareth McCray ◽  
Patricia Kariger ◽  
Tarun Dua ◽  
Andrew Titman ◽  
...  

BackgroundRenewed global commitment to the improvement of early child development outcomes, as evidenced by the focus of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4, highlights an increased need for reliable and valid measures to evaluate preventive and interventional efforts designed to affect change. Our objective was to create a new tool, applicable across multicultures, to measure development from 0 to 3 years through metadata synthesis.MethodsFourteen cross-sectional data sets were contributed on 21 083 children from 10 low/middle-income countries (LMIC), assessed using seven different tools (caregiver reported or directly assessed). Item groups, measuring similar developmental skills, were identified by item mapping across tools. Logistic regression curves displayed developmental trajectories for item groups across countries and age. Following expert consensus to identify well-performing items across developmental domains, a second mapping exercise was conducted to fill any gaps across the age range. The first version of the tool was constructed. Item response analysis validated our approach by putting all data sets onto a common scale.Results789 individual items were identified across tools in the first mapping and 129 item groups selected for analysis. 70 item groups were then selected through consensus, based on statistical performance and perceived importance, with a further 50 items identified at second mapping. A tool comprising 120 items (23 fine motor, 23 gross motor, 20 receptive language, 24 expressive language, 30 socioemotional) was created. The linked data sets on a common scale showed a curvilinear trajectory of child development, highlighting the validity of our approach through excellent coverage by age and consistency of measurement across contributed tools, a novel finding in itself.ConclusionsWe have created the first version of a prototype tool for measuring children in the early years, developed using novel easy to apply methodology; now it needs to be feasibility tested and piloted across several LMICs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Nabila Clara ◽  
Jeffrey .

Introduction: The period of deciduous teeth is an important period in child development. Damage to deciduous teeth that occur and cannot be treated conservatively will cause premature decay of teeth which is often called premature loss. A space maintainer is a passive tool used to maintain dental arches due to premature loss of deciduous teeth. Method: An 11-year-old girl accompanied by her mother came to RSGMP Unjani in 2018 with complaints of lower right back teeth missing because they have removed. The patient's mother is worried that her replacement teeth will not grow properly. Intraoral examination revealed tooth loss 85. The study model was analyzed using the Moyers method. Results: Analysis of the lower jaw model showed excess space. Patients were treated with a semi-fixed band and loop space maintainer on teeth 85. Conclusion: Premature loss results in excess space in the arch, so as to prevent further occlusion abnormalities in the child's growth and development process, we need a special tool used to maintain space due to premature loss of deciduous teeth.


2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Cardoso De Paula ◽  
Ana Paula Xavier Ravelli ◽  
Luciana Da Rosa Zinn ◽  
Maria da Graça Corso Da Motta

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre o mundo da criança na perspectiva do lúdico no cuidado de enfermagem. O cuidado, enquanto arte e ciência, tem a possibilidade de buscar estratégias diferenciadas para cuidar da criança no seu processo de desenvolvimento; neste sentido, considera-se o cuidar lúdico uma alternativa ao encontro das concepções humanísticas da enfermagem. Inicialmente, faz-se uma reflexão sobre o significado do lúdico na infância. A seguir, aborda-se o mundo da criança e o cuidado de enfermagem no desenvolvimento infantil. Encerra-se com algumas considerações destacando a importância do lúdico no cuidado à criança.NURSING CARE IN THE ADVENTURE OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT: REFLEXIONS ON THE PLAY IN THE CHILD WORLDAbstractThis is a reflexion on the child world in perspective of play in the Nursing Care. The Care as Art and Science has the possibility of searching different strategies to take care of the child in her development process; in this sense one considers the game care as na alternative to the meeting of humanist concepts in Nursing. Initially one makes a reflexion on the meaning of game in childhood. As a follow up one approaches the child world and the Nursing Care in the child development. One ends with some considerations showing up the importance of play in the child care.


Author(s):  
Samuel Berlinski ◽  
Marcos Vera-Hernández

Socioeconomic gradients in health, cognitive, and socioemotional skills start at a very early age. Well-designed policy interventions in the early years can have a great impact in closing these gaps. Advancing this line of research requires a thorough understanding of how households make human capital investment decisions on behalf of their children, what their information set is, and how the market, the environment, and government policies affect them. A framework for this research should describe how children’s skills evolve and how parents make choices about the inputs that model child development, as well as the rationale for government interventions, including both efficiency and equity considerations.


Book ReviewsHow to be an Outstanding Early Years Practitioner Louise Burnham ISBN 9781472934406 £14.99. Paperback Publisher Bloomsbury Orders Tel: 01256 302699; www.bloomsbury.com/uk Review by Neil Henty The Sociology of Children, Childhood and Generation Madeleine Leonard Review by Neil Henty ISBN 9781446259245 £24.99. Paperback Publisher SAGE Publications Orders Tel: 020 73248500; www.sagepublications.com Child Development for Early Years Students and Practitioners Sally Newman ISBN 9781473944572 £19.99. Paperback Publisher Learning Matters/SAGE Publications Orders Tel: 020 73248500; www.sagepublications.com Review by Neil Henty The Adventures of Beekle by Dan Santat [£6.99 from Andersen Press; ISBN: 9781783443857]. How to Hide a Lion at School by Helen Stephens [£6.99 from Alison Green Books; ISBN: 9781407166315]. Bob and the River of Time by James Garner [£9.99 from Crown House Publishing; ISBN: 978178583126]. The Truth According to Arthur by Tim Hopgood and David Tazzyman [£6.99 from Bloomsbury; ISBN: 9781408864999]. Troll Stinks by Jeanne Willis and Tony Ross [£11.99 from Andersen Press; ISBN: 9781783444434]. 50 Fantastic Ideas for Investigations Sally and Phill Featherstone ISBN 9781472919168 £9.99. Paperback Publisher Bloomsbury Education Orders Tel: 01256 302699; www.bloomsbury.com/uk Review by Neil Henty Early Childhood Playgrounds: Planning an outside learning environment Prue Walsh Review by Neil Henty ISBN 9780415639279 £24.99. Paperback Publisher David Fulton Orders Tel: www.routledge.com/education; orders via 01235 400400 Communicating with Children from Birth to Four Years Debbie Chalmers ISBN 9781138917255 £19.99. Paperback Publisher David Fulton Orders www.routledge.com/education; orders via 01235 400400 Review by Neil Henty

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 46-48

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Sherrell ◽  
Kathleen C. Buckwalter ◽  
Darby Morhardt

This article is based on interviews with a 44-year-old woman who exemplified the concepts of filial anxiety and filial maturity. These two concepts were initially defined by Blenkner in 1965, but more recently they were developed into a conceptual framework for understanding adult child caregiving responsibilities. The process of becoming “filially mature” is one of grieving, mourning, and letting go of previously secure rules and regulations about relationships with parents. This adds to a previously mandated imperative of developmental tasks that one must face at midlife (e.g. dealing with mortality). Augmenting these midlife tasks, parent care can be defined as a positive, growth-enhancing experience, versus the burden-stress model that has previously characterized this experience.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jordan Prazeres Freitas da Silva ◽  
Érika Teles Dauer ◽  
Anna Paula Fagundes Bezerra ◽  
Márcia Maria Tavares Machado

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as possibilidades e os avanços da teoria e da técnica psicanalítica no trabalho com o autismo; apresentando a primeira infância e seus possíveis impasses ao desenvolvimento da criança; descrevendo as possibilidades da teoria psicanalítica na clínica infantil, a partir da ferramenta IRDI, de um caso clínico da psicanalista Marie-Christine Laznik. Sobre o método, a pesquisa é do tipo descritiva, de revisão bibliográfica. A análise e coleta de dados são alcançadas por meio de leitura crítica e analítica do pesquisador, que associa ideias da obra confrontando-as e discutindo-as, a partir do referencial de teóricos psicanalistas. Assim, percebe-se como a temporalidade está em um campo importante na psicanálise e como a família (cuidador) desempenha papel significativo na formação psíquica do sujeito. Partindo dessa perspectiva, apresenta-se como um dos resultados do avanço da psicanálise a ferramenta “Indicadores Clínicos de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil” (IRDI), considerando que o valor do instrumento está em permitir a localização a tempo de riscos que, quando detectados e trabalhados em atendimento clínico, podem permitir à criança um processo de desenvolvimento com menos impasses. Ademais, através da pesquisa, é possível saber que existem no Brasil diversos programas e grupos de intervenção que trabalham com a temática do autismo na perspectiva psicanalítica. INTERLACING BETWEEN POSSIBILITIES, ADVANCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS TO AUTISM ABSTRACT This paper aims at understanding the possibilities and advances of the theory and the psychoanalytic technique at working with autism, presenting the early childhood and its possible obstacles to child development, describing the possibilities of the psychoanalytic theory for the children's clinic, through the IRDI methodology, from a clinical case by the psychoanalyst Marie-Christine Laznik. Concerning the method, the research is descriptive with a bibliographic review. The analysis and data collection are achieved through a critical and analytical reading made by the researcher who associates the ideas presented in the studies contrasting and discussing them, through the referential of psychoanalytic theorists. Therefore, it is understood how the temporality belongs to an important psychoanalysis field and how the family (caregiver) plays an important role in the individual’s psychic development. From this perspective, it is presented how the tool “Clinical Risk Indicators in Child Development” (IRDI) is a result of the advances of psychoanalysis, considering that the value of such instrument refers to allowing the identification beforehand so, when detected and worked in clinical care, can allow the child to have a development process with less obstacles. Furthermore, through the research, it is possible to know that there are many programs and intervention groups in Brazil which work with autism in the psychoanalytic perspective.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Del Boca ◽  
Christopher Flinn ◽  
Ewout Verriest ◽  
Matthew Wiswall

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