Estimating Levels of Learning Outcomes Acquirement Based on Fuzzy Sets, Relations, and Their Compositions

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mreła ◽  
Oleksandr Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Fuzzy Input ◽  
Better Than

New curriculum designers should prepare the set of learning outcomes that will be studied by students, and their acquirement will be verified by teachers. It is not easy to estimate whether students achieved the required learning outcomes even in the range of knowledge and skills, but when the competencies are considered, it becomes harder. Because of the convenience of using the linguistic terms (excellent, poor, good, and so on), it is better to apply fuzzy relations (type 1 if the numbers are chosen or type 2 if the sets are used), which can handle with the linguistic terms better than classical relations. The estimation of the learning outcome's acquirement can be conducted on the bases of a test or tests. For calculating the levels of learning outcome's acquirement, two fuzzy input relations are designed. Experts build one based on their knowledge, and the second one is based on the test results. The output relation, showing levels of learning outcome/outcomes' acquirement, is built with the application of the S-T composition of the first and second relations.

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

An interval type-2 hesitant fuzzy best-worst method

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ashraf Norouzi ◽  
Hossein Razavi hajiagha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Uncertain Data ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Best Worst Method

Multi criteria decision-making problems are usually encounter implicit, vague and uncertain data. Interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FS) are widely used to develop various MCDM techniques especially for cases with uncertain linguistic approximation. However, there are few researches that extend IT2FS-based MCDM techniques into qualitative and group decision-making environment. The present study aims to adopt a combination of hesitant and interval type-2 fuzzy sets to develop an extension of Best-Worst method (BWM). The proposed approach provides a flexible and convenient way to depict the experts’ hesitant opinions especially in group decision-making context through a straightforward procedure. The proposed approach is called IT2HF-BWM. Some numerical case studies from literature have been used to provide illustrations about the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach. Besides, a comparative analysis with an interval type-2 fuzzy AHP is carried out to evaluate the results of our proposed approach. In each case, the consistency ratio was calculated to determine the reliability of results. The findings imply that the proposed approach not only provides acceptable results but also outperforms the traditional BWM and its type-1 fuzzy extension.

scholarly journals Poliomyelitis surveillance in England and Wales, 1969–1975

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Smith ◽  
P. J. Wherry
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Marker Test ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Temperature Test

SUMMARYPoliomyelitis continued to be a rare disease in England and Wales in the period 1969–75. Only 31 paralytic and 44 cases of possible non-paralytic poliomyelitis were recorded during the 7 years.Of the 31 paralytic cases approximately one third were vaccine-associated; 3 were patients who had recently received oral poliovaccine and 7 had been in contact with a vaccinated person. Five of these 7 patients were parents of recently vaccinated children. The rate of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis was estimated in recipients to be 0·2 and in contacts 0·4 per million doses of vaccine given.Marker test results were reported on 555 strains of poliomyelitis virus isolated during 1969–75, using the reproductive capacity temperature test. Forty-eight (8·6%) resembled wild virus in this property, 15 strains being type 1, 8 type 2 and 25 type 3. Most of these isolations of apparently wild virus were from excreters with no symptoms of poliomyelitis, although 3 of the 15 type 1 strains were from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis and 3 from possible cases of non-paralytic poliomyelitis. None of the 8 apparently wild type 2 viruses was from a case of paralytic illness and only 1 of the 39 type 3 strains.Eleven of the 31 paralytic cases were in patients in whom the infection was likely to have been acquired abroad.

The Cognitive Reality of Hierarchic Structure in Music

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Louise Serafine ◽  
Noah Glassman ◽  
Cornell Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Judgment ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hierarchic Structure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Better Than

Six experiments examined the cognitive reality of hierarchic structure in music. The first experiment showed that subjects were only moderately able to match a performed rendition of a hierarchic structure to the piece of music from which it was derived, with performance slightly better than chance. Metric accent emerged as a significant predictor of the tones perceived by subjects as structurally important. The second experiment showed that subjects' correct matchings were unlikely to be based on aesthetic preference, because performed renditions of (rule-governed) structures were not regarded as aesthetically preferable to nonstructures. The third experiment attempted to increase subjects' matching of structures and their original pieces through various task modifications, but these modifications did not increase performance over the success rate achieved in Experiment 1. Three additional experiments determined whether evidence of the distinction between structureand surface could be obtained in various similarity judgment tasks. Pairs of musical fragments were composed so that the members of each pair embodied (1) the same structure and same surface harmony, or (2) the same structure but different surface harmony, or (3) a different structure but same surface harmony. The rating task used in Experiments 4 and 5 showed that the members of Type-2 pairs of fragments were perceived to be just as similar as the members of Type-1 pairs, but Type-3 pairs were rated significantly lower in similarity. Thus, similarity judgments were based on underlying hierarchic structure, even in the face of radical harmony differences on the surface. This effect increased in strength with repeated hearing. The results support the cognitive reality of hierarchic structure, but are influenced by the type of perception used in a particular similarity judgment task and by the experience of repeated hearings.

scholarly journals Modeling Words for Qualitative Distance Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Jifa Guo ◽  
Shihong Du
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Footprint Of Uncertainty ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Modeling qualitative distance words is important for natural language understanding, scene reconstruction and many decision support systems (DSSs) based on a geographic information system (GIS). However, it is difficult to establish the relationship between qualitative distance words and quantitative distance for special applications since the meanings of these words are influenced by both subjective and objective factors. Some existing methods are reviewed, and the Hao–Mendel approach (HMA) is improved to model qualitative distance words for four travel modes by using interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs), aiming at addressing the individual and interpersonal uncertainty among qualitative distance words. The area of the footprint of uncertainty (FOU), fuzziness (entropy), and variance are adopted to measure the uncertainties of qualitative distance words. The experimental results show that the improved HMA algorithm is better than the original HMA algorithm and can be used in spatial information retrieval and GIS-based DSSs.

An interval type-2 fuzzy ANP approach to evaluate enterprise technological innovation ability

Kybernetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1486-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wu ◽  
Xinwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fuzzy Anp ◽  
Enterprise Technology ◽  
Innovation Ability ◽  
Interval Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to overcome the drawbacks of analytic hierarchy process in solving complex decision-making problems, especially for the evaluation of enterprise technology innovation ability (ETIA). Because interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs) can handle uncertainty linguistic variables in a more flexible and precise way than type-1 fuzzy sets with their second fuzzy membership functions, a fuzzy ANP method with IT2 FSs is proposed to evaluate the ETIA. Design/methodology/approach The criteria of evaluation on ETIA are identified and an evaluation model for ETIA is constructed on the basis of the application analysis of ETIA and theoretical design of ANP. In addition, two different ranking methods of IT2 FSs are applied in processing the relationships between influence factors of ETIA. Findings By using the proposed interval type-2 fuzzy ANP (IT2 FANP) method, the efficiencies of the whole evaluation of ETIA can be measured and the important factors in the ETIA can also be determined. Compared with the type-1 FANP through the ranking results, the proposed IT2 FANP is more reasonable and robust for the evaluation of ETIA. Practical implications The proposed IT2 FANP method is applied on the evaluation of ETIA. With respect to the application, the proposed method can be used to evaluate many more complex problems that contain feedback and circular relationships. Originality/value The proposed IT2 FANP approach can solve the complexities and uncertainties at the same time. Considering the subjective initiative of decision-makers and the feedback between influence factors, the proposed method is more efficient than the existing type-1 approaches in the literature.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Dan Pengujian Alat Pengering Solar Dryer Sederhana (Constructing and Experiment of Simple Solar Dryer)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Frets Jonas Rieuwpassa ◽  
Stevy Imelda Murniati Wodi ◽  
Eko Cahyono ◽  
Rolando Pangumpia
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Device Type ◽  
Product Water ◽  
Lower Water Content ◽  
Better Than

Solar dryer is a device that use solar energy to try substances. Using a solar dryer is more hygiene than drying directly into the sun. This experiment aims to construct a solar dryer device and to examine product water content. There are some steps in this experiment which are constructing a solar dryer device and examination of the product water content of two different solar device construction. Products that examined are mackerel tuna dried with salt and without salt. Water content examination is established every 4 hours and 12 hours. All data are examined descriptively. Results showed that temperature in device type 1 are between 40-45 0C dan device type 2 are between 44-45 0C. Results for water content in salted dry fish showed a score of 37.99% in device type 1 and 30.27% in device type 2. For water content in non-salted dry fish showed a score of 38.4% in device type 1 and 27.35% in device type 2. Base on this it can be concluded that device type 2 able to lower water content in products better than device type 1.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY RISKS THROUGH HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS IN FUZZY SETS TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2: A CASE STUDY (FARYAB CHROMITE UNDERGROUND MINES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Ameri Siahuei ◽  
Mohammad Ataei ◽  
Ramin Rafiee ◽  
Farhang Sereshki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Proper Scaling ◽  
Blast Scaling

There is a high rate of casualty among miners in the world every year. One way to reduce accidents and increase safety in mines is to use the risk management process to identify and respond to major hazards in mines. The present study is an attempt to investigate the assessment and management of safety risks in Faryab chromite underground mines. In this paper, the method of AHP in type-1 and type-2 fuzzy sets is used for risk assessment. Upon studying two underground mines of Faryab chromite (Makran and Nemat), 45 hazards were divided into 9 groups, among which 7 main risks were eventually identified. The risk assessment showed that the most important hazards in the Nemat underground mine are the required airflow, the lack of proper scaling and post-blast scaling. Similarly, the assessment of hazards in the Makran underground mine showed that post-blast scaling, absence of proper scaling, and proper ventilation of dust, are the most important hazards. Finally, after detecting the causes of the accidents, based on the records of accidents at the mine safety, health, and environmental unit, technical personnel’s descriptions, and similar risk projects, proper responses are prepared for each group of hazards.

scholarly journals Type-2 Fuzzy Expert System Approach for Decision-Making of Financial Assets and Investing under Different Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zuzana Janková ◽  
Petr Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Financial Time Series ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Exchange Traded Funds ◽  
International Equity Markets

Extensive research results of stock market time series using classical fuzzy sets (type-1) are available in the literature. However, type-1 fuzzy sets cannot fully capture the uncertainty associated with stock market developments due to their limited descriptiveness. This paper fills a scientific gap and focuses on type-2 fuzzy logic applied to stock markets. Type-2 fuzzy sets may include additional uncertainty resulting from unclear, uncertain, or inaccurate financial data through which model inputs are calculated. Here we propose four methods based on type-2 fuzzy logic, which differ in the level of uncertainty contained in fuzzy sets and compared with the type-1 fuzzy model. The case study aims to create a model to support investment decisions in Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) listed on international equity markets. The created models of type-2 fuzzy logic are compared with the classic type-1 fuzzy logic model. Based on the results of the comparison, it can be said that type-2 fuzzy logic with dual fuzzy sets is able to better describe data from financial time series and provides more accurate outputs. The results reflect the capability and effectiveness of the approach proposed in this document. However, the performance of type-2 fuzzy logic models decreases with the inclusion of increasing uncertainty in fuzzy sets. For further research, it would be appropriate to examine the different levels of uncertainty in the input parameters themselves and monitor the performance of such a modified model.

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