Entrepreneurial Pillars and Women Entrepreneurship Relationship in OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-172
Author(s):  
Mercedes Barrachina ◽  
Maria del Carmen Garcia Centeno ◽  
Carmen Calderón Patier
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

This chapter has the main objective of investigating whether there is a relationship between the main pillars considered in the “Global Competitiveness Report” database and the rate of female entrepreneurship in OECD countries with available data using the fsQCA methodology. These pillars are the basic ones (institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic environment, primary education, and health), the efficiency enhancers (higher education, efficiency of the goods market, efficiency of the labor market, development of the financial market, technological preparation, size market), and the pillars related to innovation (business sophistication and innovation itself). It is based on the data available for the OECD countries for the year 2016, which cover different geographical areas. The purpose of this analysis is to extract specific conclusions about potential entrepreneurship policies that could be applied, government programs that could be developed, and specific measurements to be designed to improve female entrepreneurship at national level.

scholarly journals A Cluster Analysis on Sustained Global Competitiveness for European Countries

ECONOMICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Mythili Kolluru ◽  
Vidya Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Financial Market Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

AbstractThe Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) developed by Xavier Salai-Martín, in collaboration with the World Economic Forum, has been measuring the factors that drive the growth and prosperity since 2005. This paper focuses on grouping the European nations according to global competitiveness. It uses the hierarchical and K-means cluster with a particular focus to examine the grouping of countries from 2008 to 2017 and to reduce the complexity in examining the relationship between European countries. The drivers of competitiveness are grouped into 12 critical pillars, namely, institutions, macroeconomic environment, infrastructure, higher education and training, health and primary education, goods market efficiency, financial market development, labor market efficiency, technological readiness, market size, business sophistication, and innovation respectively. The mean score of Europe during the study period was 4.7 and 40% of the European countries were found to be above the average and have been consistently performing well ahead of the average on competitiveness. This study can be generalized to other nations as well as compared with other indexes for exhaustive research that can be useful for policymakers.

IN SEARCH OF EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY FOR UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viсtor Ognevyuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
School Management ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Management School ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

The article deals with the world rating of Ukrainian educational sphere according to The Global Competitiveness Report and UNESCO Science Report. It shows comparative indices of Ukraine in contrast to the other countries of these world ratings according to the “Quality of primary education”, “Penetration of primary education”, “Penetration of secondary education”, “Quality of secondary education”, “Quality of education in Sciences”, “Quality of school management”, “School access to the internet” and others. The article also defines strategic directions of reforming Ukrainian education system to improve its position in the world international ratings.

scholarly journals Sustainability level, corruption and tax evasion: a cross-country analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Khlif ◽  
Achraf Guidara ◽  
Khaled Hussainey
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the level of sustainability and tax evasion and test whether the level of corruption moderates such a relationship. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 65 developed and developing countries. Tax evasion is measured using a macro indirect approach used by Schneider et al. (2010). The sustainability level and corruption variables are collected from The Global Competitiveness Report for 2012-2013. Findings This study finds that the level of tax evasion is negatively associated with the level of sustainability (overall score and social and environmental score) and the quality of infrastructure. When we distinguish between low- and high-corruption countries, we find that this negative association is significant for low-corruption countries and insignificant for high-corruption countries. These results imply that the level of corruption may reduce the tendency of individuals in a given state to accept and trust their government in general and comply with the tax rules in particular. Originality/value Our empirical findings have policy implications for governments with high levels of tax evasion, as they highlight the importance of states’ engagements towards their citizens in reducing tax evasion.

scholarly journals University Students’ Preferences about Savings and Investments at Individual and National level in the 21st Century: The Case of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-502
Author(s):  
Aynur Yumurtaci ◽  
Bilal Bagis
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Investment Choice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Real Estate Investments ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Turkish Youth

AbstractThis paper aims to capture the favored both national and individual saving and investment perceptions of the Turkish youth. Also, the research contributes to the understanding of the common preferences of the youth and focuses on perceptions over their home country’s saving-investment decisions. We reason, it is important to evaluate views of the youth on national savings and investments as they will be both the decision-makers determining the economic and social policies of the near future and the ones that are directly impacted by these policies implemented today. For this purpose, a questionnaire is applied to randomly selected 550 university students in Turkey and the results are analyzed by the chi-square test. Accordingly, students have mostly preferred that investments should be primarily made to the education sector at national level while investment made for the social security system is placed on the last rank. In addition, education is the most important individual investment choice of participants. On the other hand, information technologies, energy, and agriculture are identified as the most significant investment areas, which could be potentially increased the global competitiveness of their home country. Another important outcome of this research is that students prefer to invest their individual savings in gold and real estate investments, respectively.

scholarly journals Why the Concept of Private Demand for Innovations Should Be Understand: The case of ex-YU countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slagjana Stojanovska ◽  
Violeta Madzova ◽  
Biljana Gjozinska
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Innovation Culture ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Private Demand ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of private demand for innovation in the context of the ex-YU countries such as Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia from 2011 to 2016. One key variable for the importance of demand for innovation is the buyer sophistication. This signals the ability of buyers to select products and services based on performance rather than price and to bear the cost of products at the beginning of the life cycle. The companies that face a sophisticated domestic market are likely to sell high quality products and a close proximity to such consumers should to enables the company to better understand the needs and desires of the customers and how they perceive the value of the product. For cultural or historical reasons, buyers may be more demanding in some countries than in others. Hence, оur start point is that “higher degrees of buyer sophistication can to explain higher shares of innovative sales” (Hollanders and Es-Sadki, 2017, p. 42) and opposite “lower shares of innovative sales could to explain lower degrees of buyer sophistication” in the above countries. Thus, our analysis relies on two key indicators, the “buyer sophistication” and the “sales of new-to-market and new-to-firm product innovations”, which are including, the first in the Global Competitiveness Report and the second, in the European Innovation Scoreboard. Looking at the results, it can be noted that Serbia has a big gap between the two indicators, so the extent of buyer sophistication is lower from the extent of innovative sales. Аs business leaders make a subjective assessment of the GCR’s indicator Buyer sophistication, it can be assumed that Serbian business leaders assess the sophistication of domestic customers much lower than it is. This example is somewhat similar to the Slovenian business leaders. These two countries achieve the same level of sales of innovative products, while Macedonia and Croatia are in the same group and have lower sales of innovative products. This finding calls for demand-oriented policies which would have to influence the innovation culture in the market, making buyers more risk taking, aware of innovations and empower them to buy and use them.

scholarly journals Międzynarodowa konkurencyjność gospodarek Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2 (29)) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Szczodrowski
Keyword(s):  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

Cel. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ogólna ocena kierunku zmian konkurencyjności krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej: Czech, Węgier, Polski i Słowacji. Kraje te są porównywane ze sobą, ze względu na to, że w podobnym czasie zaczęły przemiany rynkowe, w tym samym czasie stały się członkami Unii Europejskiej i stanowią zwarty geograficz-nie blok krajów w Europie Środkowej. W konsekwencji, potencjalni inwestorzy analizują zachodzące zmiany, aby podejmować optymalne decyzje w zakresie wyboru miejsca działalności gospodarczej. Analiza dotyczy roku 2016, w odniesieniu do pierwszego, peł-nego roku członkostwa w UE, czyli 2005.Metoda. W celu względnej porównywalności, posłużono się głównymi danymi z rankin-gów: WEF Global Competitiveness Report, IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook oraz sporządzanego przez Bank Światowy Doing Business Report.Wyniki. Analiza rankingów ukazuje, że nie wszystkim krajom udało się w omawianym okresie na tyle wzmocnić swoje gospodarki, aby polepszyć międzynarodową konkuren-cyjność. W zakończeniu przedstawiono wnioski, wynikające z przeprowadzonych analiz.

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