Bionanotechnology Approaches to Combat Biofilms and Drug Resistance

2022 ◽  
pp. 230-248
Author(s):  
ke Shang ◽  
Jun-feng Zhang ◽  
Suriya Rehman ◽  
Tariq Alghamdi ◽  
Faheem A. Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Cell Cluster ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Contact Points

This chapter deals with the formation of biofilms, their resistance to antibacterial agents, the importance and risk of biofilms, and nanotechnology methods for biofilm control in the food industry. Biofilm is a multi-layer cell cluster embedded in an organic polymer matrix, which protects microbial cells from environmental stress, antibiotics, and disinfectants. Microorganisms that live in contact points and the environment in food processing are mostly harmful because the microbial community in the wrong location can lead to contamination of the surfaces and products produced during the processing. When new nanomaterials (for example, silver or copper are incorporated) are used, the growth of surface biofilms can also be reduced. In recent years, new nanotechnology-based antimicrobials have been designed to kill planktonic, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but additional requirements rather than the mere killing of suspended bacteria must be met to combat biofilm-infections.

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms in removal and fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) during clinical laboratory wastewater treatment by vermifiltration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipti Arora ◽  
Sakshi Saraswat ◽  
Ankur Rajpal ◽  
Harshita Shringi ◽  
Rinki Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Natural Treatment

AbstractThe wastewater treatment plants effluent has been implicated in the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) as these environment contains multiple selective pressures that may increase mutation rates, pathogen survivability, and induce gene transfer between bacteria. In lieu of this, the present study explored the dynamics of earthworm-microorganisms interactions on the treatment efficacy of clinical laboratory wastewater treatment by vermifiltration and the effect of earthworms in the fate of removal of pathogens and ARB. The results of the study showed that earthworms and VF associated microbial community had a significant effect on BOD and COD reduction (78-85%), pathogen removal (>99.9 %) and caused a significant shift in the prevalence pattern of ARB. Additionally, molecular profiling of ESBL (blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M), MRSA (mec-A) and Colistin (mcr-1) gene confirmed the probable mechanisms behind the resistance pattern. The microbial community diversity assists in the formation of biofilm, which helps in the removal of pathogens and results in a paradigm shift in the resistance profile of ARB and ARG, specifically most effective against drugs, targeting cell wall and protein synthesis inhibition like Ampicillin, Ticarcillin, Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol. These findings prove vermifiltration technology as a sustainable and natural treatment technology for clinical laboratory wastewater.

scholarly journals Better living through chemistry: Addressing emerging antibiotic resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Coussens ◽  
Ashley L Molinaro ◽  
Kayla J Culbertson ◽  
Tyler Peryea ◽  
Gergely Zahoránszky-Köhalmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs

The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is recognized as a major threat to human health worldwide. While the use of small molecule antibiotics has enabled many modern medical advances, it has also facilitated the development of resistant organisms. This minireview provides an overview of current small molecule drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans, the unintended consequences of antibiotic use, and the mechanisms that underlie the development of drug resistance. Promising new approaches and strategies to counter antibiotic-resistant bacteria with small molecules are highlighted. However, continued public investment in this area is critical to maintain an edge in our evolutionary “arms race” against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Impact statement The alarming increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a rapidly emerging threat to human health throughout the world. Historically, small molecule drugs have played a major role in controlling bacterial infections and they continue to offer tremendous potential in countering resistant organisms. This minireview provides a broad overview of the relevant issues, including the diversity of FDA-approved small molecule drugs and mechanisms of drug resistance, unintended consequences of antibiotic use, the current state of development for small molecule antibacterials and financial challenges that impact progress towards novel therapies. The content will be informative to diverse stakeholders, including clinicians, basic scientists, translational scientists and policy makers, and may be used as a bridge between these key players to advance the development of much-needed therapeutics.

Transferable drug resistance in bacteria from fish-farm sediments

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth-Anne Sandaa ◽  
Vigdis Lid Torsvik ◽  
Jostein Goksøyr
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Direct Cell

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were isolated from sediment samples collected beneath two fish farms west of Bergen (Norway). The samples were collected just after the fish had been treated with oxytetracycline. Eighty-four bacterial isolates were tested for susceptibility to antibacterial agents. Most of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, kanamycin, and sulfamethoxazole. Transferable plasmid-related resistance was shown by direct cell transfer and agarose gel electrophoresis. Among 34 multiple-resistant isolates, 7 isolates were able to transfer resistance to Escherichia coli HB101. Phenotypical characterization indicated that these seven isolates belonged to the genera Vibrio and Pseudomonas. The results indicate that sediments beneath fish farms may serve as a reservoir for transferable antimicrobial resistance genes. Key words: drug resistance, gene transfer, marine sediment bacteria.

Bioremediation and Metal Resistant Bacteria in a Closed, Cold Northern Mine

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Bomberg ◽  
Mona Arnold ◽  
Päivi Kinnunen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Living Organisms

Heavy metals, e.g. copper and nickel, are released to the environment as a result of mining activities. Heavy metals are required by most living organisms as trace elements, but in excess they are toxic and cause considerable environmental stress. Microbes have developed different strategies to tolerate otherwise toxic conditions. In the surroundings of closed Kotalahti Mine the concentrations of copper and nickel in the water have earlier been highly elevated. In order to decrease the concentrations of heavy metals and increase water pH, manure sludge was added to the flooded mine pit. Thisin situbioreactor has operated successfully for 15 years after the treatment. The current concentrations of heavy metals are generally low. Nevertheless, resistance genes for copper (copA), cadmium-nickel (cnrA), nickel-cadmium-cobalt (nccA) and cadmium-zink (czcA) could still be found in the microbial community of the flooding water.

Diverse β-lactam antibiotic-resistant bacteria and microbial community in milk from mastitic cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 2109-2121
Author(s):  
Zhengxin Ma ◽  
Shinyoung Lee ◽  
Peixin Fan ◽  
Yuting Zhai ◽  
Jaehyun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic

scholarly journals Anti-infective Effects of a Fish-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Its Synergistic Effects With Antibiotic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Honglan Cheng ◽  
Yue Dai ◽  
Yipeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sytox Green

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play pivotal roles in protecting against microbial infection in fish. However, AMPs from topmouth culter (Erythroculter ilishaeformis) are rarely known. In our study, we isolated an AMP from the head kidney of topmouth culter, which belonged to liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) family. Topmouth culter LEAP-2 showed inhibitory effects on aquatic bacterial growth, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 18.75 to 150 μg/ml. It was lethal for Aeromonas hydrophila (resistant to ampicillin), and took less than 60 min to kill A. hydrophila at a concentration of 5 × MIC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and SYTOX Green uptake assay indicated that it impaired the integrity of bacterial membrane by eliciting pore formation, thereby increasing the permeabilization of bacterial membrane. In addition, it showed none inducible drug resistance to aquatic bacteria. Interestingly, it efficiently delayed ampicillin-induced drug resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (sensitive to ampicillin) and sensitized ampicillin-resistant bacteria to ampicillin. The chequerboard assay indicated that topmouth culter LEAP-2 generated synergistic effects with ampicillin, indicating the combinational usage potential of topmouth culter LEAP-2 with antibiotics. As expected, topmouth culter LEAP-2 significantly alleviated ampicillin-resistant A. hydrophila infection in vivo, and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of ampicillin against A. hydrophila in vivo. Our findings provide a fish innate immune system-derived peptide candidate for the substitute of antibiotics and highlight its potential for application in antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in aquaculture industry.

scholarly journals Techniques Used for Analyzing Microplastics, Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Community Composition: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bartkova ◽  
Anne Kahru ◽  
Margit Heinlaan ◽  
Ott Scheler
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat. Antibiotics, heavy metals, and microplastics are environmental pollutants that together potentially have a positive synergetic effect on the development, persistence, transport, and ecology of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. To evaluate this, a wide array of experimental methods would be needed to quantify the occurrence of antibiotics, heavy metals, and microplastics as well as associated microbial communities in the natural environment. In this mini-review, we outline the current technologies used to characterize microplastics based ecosystems termed “plastisphere” and their AMR promoting elements (antibiotics, heavy metals, and microbial inhabitants) and highlight emerging technologies that could be useful for systems-level investigations of AMR in the plastisphere.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Stress Tolerance of Salmonella with Different Antibiotic Resistance Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xingning Xiao ◽  
Biao Tang ◽  
Siyi Liu ◽  
Yujuan Suo ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Primary Model ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Disease caused by antibiotic-resistant Salmonella is a serious clinical problem that poses a great threat to public health. The present study is aimed at assessing differences in bacterial kinetics with different antibiotic resistance profiles under environmental stress and at developing microbial tolerance models in lettuce during storage from 4 to 36°C. The drug-resistance phenotypes of 10 Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates were examined using the broth microdilution method. The results of 10 S. Typhimurium isolates in the suspensions showed that a slow trend towards reduction of drug-sensitive (DS) isolates in relation to the others though without statistical difference. Compared to DS S. Typhimurium SA62, greater bacterial reduction was observed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium HZC3 during lettuce storage at 4°C ( P < 0.05 ). It was likely that a cross-response between antibiotic resistance and food-associated stress tolerance. The greater growth in lettuce at 12°C was observed for DS S. Typhimurium SA62 compared to MDR S. Typhimurium HZC3 and was even statistically different ( P < 0.05 ), while no significant difference was observed for bacterial growth between MDR S. Typhimurium HZC3 and DS S. Typhimurium SA62 strains in lettuce storage from 16 to 36°C ( P > 0.05 ). The goodness-of-fit indices indicated the Log-linear primary model provided a satisfactory fit to describe the MDR S. Typhimurium HZC3 and DS S. Typhimurium SA62 survival at 4°C. A square root secondary model could be used to describe the effect of temperature (12, 16, 28, and 36°C) on the growth rates of S. Typhimurium HZC3 ( a d j − R 2 = 0.91 , RMSE = 0.06 ) and S. Typhimurium SA62 ( a d j − R 2 = 0.99 , RMSE = 0.01 ) derived from the Huang primary model. It was necessary to pay attention to the tolerance of antibiotic resistant bacteria under environmental stress, and the generated models could provide parts of the input data for microbial risk assessment of Salmonella with different antibiotic resistance profile in lettuce.

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