A Semiotic Model of Multimedia

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Purchase ◽  
Daniel Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Multimedia Communication ◽  
Model Error ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Multimedia Model ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Media Objects ◽  
Practical Investigation

Models of multimedia communication are attempts to classify the numerous types of media objects available, and to provide a basis for the use of unambiguous terminology in a new and expanding field. Many of these models are products of theory, rather then practical investigation, and few have been empirically studied to assess their suitability. This chapter firstly presents a novel multimedia model (called TOMUS) which is based on a common classification of semiotic representational systems, and uses three dimensions of sign, syntax and modality. By separating the classification of the nature of the text to be communicated from the nature of the technology or interaction, the model provides a focussed terminology for consistent and appropriate discussion about multimedia texts. The chapter also reports on an experiment which investigated the understandability of the dimensions comprising TOMUS. The experiment entailed subjects classifying various media objects according to the TOMUS model. Error and perceived difficulty data were collected; analysis of this data revealed which of the categories are the most difficult to comprehend. Suggestions are made as to the causes of these difficulties, and recommendations as to how the model might be correspondingly altered are proposed.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Trajectory Construction and Observation of Group Behavior of Wild Bats During Cave Emergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Emyo Fujioka ◽  
Mika Fukushiro ◽  
Kazusa Ushio ◽  
Kyosuke Kohyama ◽  
Hitoshi Habe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Behavioral Classification

Echolocating bats perceive the surrounding environment by processing echoes of their ultrasound emissions. Echolocation enables bats to avoid colliding with external objects in complete darkness. In this study, we sought to develop a method for measuring the collective behavior of echolocating bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) emerging from their roost cave using high-sensitivity stereo-camera recording. First, we developed an experimental system to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) flight trajectories of bats emerging from the roost for nightly foraging. Next, we developed a method to automatically track the 3D flight paths of individual bats so that quantitative estimation of the population in proportion to the behavioral classification could be conducted. Because the classification of behavior and the estimation of population size are ecologically important indices, the method established in this study will enable quantitative investigation of how individual bats efficiently leave the roost while avoiding colliding with each other during group movement and how the group behavior of bats changes according to weather and environmental conditions. Such high-precision detection and tracking will contribute to the elucidation of the algorithm of group behavior control in creatures that move in groups together in three dimensions, such as birds.

scholarly journals Interactivity features of Online Newspapers: from a facsimile model to a multimedia model one. Interactivity in online journals.

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María-José Baños-Moreno ◽  
Juan-Antonio Pastor-Sánchez ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez-Béjar
Keyword(s):  
User Generated Content ◽  
Multimedia Model ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Online Journals ◽  
Media Firms ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this article is to know the current interactivity options in online newspapers. To do this, we analyze the concept of (structural) interactivity and establish a measuring tool based on some previous methodologies. This model includes a classification of newspapers into stages of development. In this way, we provide a tool, which allows media firms to know the degree of interactivity in newspapers, assessing what dimensions and parameters are being incorporated. It was applied to a sample of 21 online newspapers. Results show poor implementation of participation and customization options. There is a niche to be covered by sections of user-generated content and closer collaboration journalists-citizens. It will require a real adaptation to the new possibilities of interaction with readers at different levels of involvement and participation. The majority of newspapers are classified in a digital stage and some of them are close to the multimedia phase.

scholarly journals Organizational propaganda on the Internet: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Irina Lock ◽  
Ramona Ludolph
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Digital Channels

The digital environment alters the way organizations use propaganda and facilitates its spread. This development calls for an outline of the features of propaganda by organizations on the Internet and to reconsider where public relations (PR) stops and propaganda begins. By means of a systematic review of primary research on organizational propaganda online, we propose a definition and describe the ‘five Ws’ of digital organizational propaganda: who employs propaganda, to whom, on which channels, which media are used (where), the objectives of the propaganda strategy (why), and in which contexts it occurs (when). Contrary to the offline setting, organizations engaging in propaganda online do not hide their identity and primarily address (potential) followers with the goal to change attitudes. Based on our findings, we propose a classification of digital organizational propaganda along three dimensions: ethical versus unethical, mutual understanding versus persuasion, and direct versus indirect communication. Digital organizational propaganda is defined as the direct persuasive communicative acts by organizations with an unethical (i.e. untruthful, inauthentic, disrespectful, or unequal) intent through digital channels. Thus, this study addresses the imbalance between the growing primary research on digital propaganda, the missing definition, and the lacking systematic empirical overview of propaganda’s digital characteristics.

Classification of evidence in decision-analytic models of cost-effectiveness: A content analysis of published reports

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzy Paisley
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Analytic Models

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess systematically the scope of evidence and purposes for which evidence is used in decision-analytic models of cost-effectiveness and to assess the implications for search methods.Methods: A content analysis of published reports of models was undertaken. Details of cited sources were extracted and categorized according to three dimensions; type of information provided by the evidence, type of source from which the evidence was drawn and type of modeling activity supported by the evidence. The analysis was used to generate a classification of evidence. Relationships within and between the categories within the classification were sought and the implications for searching considered.Results: The classification generated fourteen types of information, seven types of sources of evidence and five modeling activities supported by evidence. A broad range of evidence was identified drawn from a diverse range of sources including both research-based and non–research-based sources. The use of evidence was not restricted to the population of model parameters but was used to inform the development of the modeling framework and to justify the analytical and methodological approach.Conclusions: Decision-analytic models use evidence to support all aspects of model development. The classification of evidence defines in depth the role of evidence in modeling. It can be used to inform the systematic identification of evidence.

scholarly journals Classification of Interacting Electronic Topological Insulators in Three Dimensions

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 343 (6171) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
A. C. Potter ◽  
T. Senthil
Keyword(s):  
Topological Insulators ◽  
Three Dimensions

A Model of Violence

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The assessment of the violent individual presents a challenge to psychiatrists. Many theoretical approaches contribute to the understanding of violence, but none are totally adequate for the clinician's purposes. The assessment of violent behaviour can be undertaken using three separate dimensions—“Dehumanisation”, “Acceptance of Violence” and “Rage and its Control”—which together form a framework for the formulation of clinical data. This framework is described and the relevance of theoretical contributions to the three dimensions is discussed. It is suggested that this framework assists in the classification of violent individuals and in the prediction of the potential for future violence.

scholarly journals A novel framework for classification of selection mechanisms in epidemiological research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bjork ◽  
Anton Nilsson ◽  
Carl Bonander ◽  
Ulf Strömberg
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

Abstract Background: Non-participation, losses to follow up and other types of study-specific selection mechanisms can be serious concerns in epidemiological studies. There are also selection processes that result in non-random groupings and changes in the composition of populations. These are continuously on-going irrespectively of whether they are subject to sampling in empirical studies. Such population selections are often overlooked, but may lead to lack of comparability of exposed and unexposed populations or decrease study validity in other ways. The overall aim of this study was to develop a simple but general framework for classifying various types of selection mechanisms of relevance for epidemiological research. Methods: We classify selection mechanisms in three dimensions: i) selection at the population level vs. selection that is study-specific, ii) type of mechanism (selection causing exposure vs. selection in population at risk), iii) timing of the selection (pre-exposure, during exposure or post-outcome). Results: Examples from the epidemiological literature of selection mechanisms are discussed and classified according to the three dimensions of the proposed framework. Conclusions: Increased mechanistic understanding of when, how, and why confusion of effects can occur because of selection is an important step towards improved validity of epidemiological research.

scholarly journals RESERVES ESTIMATION OF A MARBLE QUARRY USING QUALITY INDICATORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
I. Kapageridis ◽  
C. Albanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Quality Categories ◽  
Experienced Personnel

The use of standard estimation and modelling software tools in estimating marble quarry reserves poses a number of challenges. Marble quarry reserves are based on marble quality categories, almost unique for each quarry/deposit considered. These categories represent visual and physical aspects of marble such as colour, texture and fractures. Classification of marble to one of the categories is performed by experienced personnel and is based on samples much smaller in area than the blocks of marble which are potentially exploited. The available information is, also, mostly qualitative leading to further complications in the application of geomathematical estimation methods. The estimation of marble reserves described in this paper is based on interpolating quality indicator values from drillhole and quarry face samples to blocks in three dimensions. The procedure is applied in all working quarries of Iktinos Hellas SA and is based on Maptek Vulcan Quarry Modeller, a mine planning package adapted for quarrying. Its application and results is demonstrated using a case study from one of the quarries in NE Greece.

scholarly journals A novel framework for classification of selection processes in epidemiological research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bjork ◽  
Anton Nilsson ◽  
Carl Bonander ◽  
Ulf Strömberg
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Case Basis

Abstract Background: Selection and selection bias are terms that lack consistent definitions and have varying meaning and usage across disciplines. There is also confusion in current definitions between underlying mechanisms that lead to selection and their consequences. Consequences of selection on study validity must be judged on a case-by-case basis depending on research question, study design and analytical decisions. The overall aim of the study was to develop a simple but general framework for classifying various types of selection processes of relevance for epidemiological research. Methods: Several original articles from the epidemiological literature and from related areas of observational research were reviewed in search of examples of selection processes, used terminology and description of the underlying mechanisms. Results: We classified the identified selection processes in three dimensions: i) selection level (selection at the population level vs. study-specific selection), ii) type of mechanism (selection in exposure vs. selection in population composition), iii) timing of the selection (at exposure entry, during exposure or post-outcome). Conclusions: Increased understanding of when, how, and why selection occur is an important step towards improved validity of epidemiological research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document