In Silico Studies of Potentially Active 2-Amino-Thiophenic Derivatives Against HIV-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-119
Author(s):  
Alex France Messias Monteiro ◽  
Marcus Tullius Scotti ◽  
Luciana Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
World Health ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV is a virus that affects more than 37 million people worldwide, where only 23.3 million were receiving retroviral treatment by 2018, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Three important enzymatic targets in the life cycle of HIV are: reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase; disease progression causes a decrease in CD4 + T lymphocytes, makes the infected organism vulnerable to opportunistic diseases. Therefore, much research aims to inhibit these enzymes to try to fight AIDS. This research aims to verify the use of silico techniques for an inhibitory activity of a set of 2-aminothiophenic drugs against these three enzymes, based on rational drug planning, virtual screening, and molecular modeling. To this end, many computational tools were used to generate data that improve the expectation of potential activity of these compounds. After all analyses, it was concluded that 12 of the 180 compounds tested may have potential activity against HIV-1 with low toxicological effects.

scholarly journals Novel Antiviral Activities of Obatoclax, Emetine, Niclosamide, Brequinar, and Homoharringtonine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter I. Andersen ◽  
Klara Krpina ◽  
Aleksandr Ianevski ◽  
Nastassia Shtaida ◽  
Eunji Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv 1

Viruses are the major causes of acute and chronic infectious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Re-purposing existing antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here we identified novel activities of obatoclax and emetine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), echovirus 1 (EV1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cell cultures. Moreover, we demonstrated novel activities of emetine against influenza A virus (FluAV), niclosamide against HSV-2, brequinar against HIV-1, and homoharringtonine against EV1. Our findings may expand the spectrum of indications of these safe-in-man agents and reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral therapeutics pending the results of further in vivo tests.

Rational and Irrational Drug Use: Factors, Impacts and Strategies to Combat Irrational Drug Use: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Zahra Hassan AL Qamariat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Health System ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Rational Drug Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Misuse of drugs is a serious health problem all around the world. Rational drug use can be characterized as follows: patients receive drugs that meet their clinical needs, at doses that meet their requirements, promptly and at the lowest cost to themselves and their region. Drug abuse, polypharmacy, and misuse are the most prominent drug use problems today. Misuse of drugs can occur for a variety of reasons at different levels, including recommended mistakes and over-the- counter medications. Inappropriate use of income can lead to real negative benefits and financial results. There are many irrational drug mixtures available. Appropriate rational use of medicines will increase personal satisfaction and lead to better local health services. A list of essential medicines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) can assist the countries around the globe in rationalizing the distribution and purchasing of medicines, thus decreasing the costs to healthcare systems. Irrational drug use has been a subject of concern for years as it affects the health system and patients badly. Irrational use of drugs can result from several factors such as patient, prescriber, dispenser, health system, supply system, or regulations. Thus, diverse strategies have been used to promote rational drug use and also to tackle irrational use. Thereby the concept of rational and irrational drug use and factors that lead to either result should be identified and monitored.

scholarly journals DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN A SECONDARY CARE HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SENTHILSELVI ◽  
M. BOOPANA ◽  
Linta Sathyan ◽  
PRIYA VISUVASAM ◽  
V. GANESAN
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: The study was carried out to generate research on drug utilization pattern in paediatric patients in government headquarters hospital, Tiruppur, Tamilnadu, India using world health organization (WHO) and international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core indicator. Methods: The core prescribing indicators of the world health organization was used to assess the appropriate use of drugs. Index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) developed by Zhang and Zhi was also used to find out the performance of a health care system in terms of drug utilization. Results: Out of 859 drugs in 200 cases the highest prescribed drug class is antibiotics 304(35.39%) and the majority of drugs were administered in injectable form 412(47.94%). It was analysed that a majority of prescriptions 117(58.5%) were discharged in between 4-7 d. 161(80.5%) patients were dismissed after completion of treatment. On analysing world health organization (WHO) prescribing core indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.29 which is higher than double the average number (i.e., 2). This indicates poly-pharmacy practice. 97.78% of drugs were prescribed were the generic name and percentage of encounters with antibiotic prescribed was 90.5% which is thrice greater than world health organization (WHO) standard<30%. Prescribing of injections is not within the world health organization (WHO) recommended range<20% and it was far higher showing 97.5% which is essential for paediatric inpatients. The prescribing practice in paediatric ward is in complete adherence to national essential drug list (EDL) or formulary. The mean value of the index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) obtained was 3.09 which is very similar to that of optimal value world health organization (WHO). Conclusion: Prescription by generic name, prescribing drugs from essential drug list (EDL) and free government supply are encouraging findings in this hospital. The result shows poly-pharmacy and overuse of antibiotics are the areas to be concerned. The better clinical outcome shows rational prescribing is practised well.

scholarly journals Rigidity of the Outer Shell Predicted by a Protein Intrinsic Disorder Model Sheds Light on the COVID-19 (Wuhan-2019-nCoV) Infectivity

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Kian-Meng Goh ◽  
A. Keith Dunker ◽  
James A. Foster ◽  
Vladimir N. Uversky
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Intrinsic Disorder ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
The World ◽  
Protein Intrinsic Disorder ◽  
Health Organization

The world is currently witnessing an outbreak of a new coronavirus spreading quickly across China and affecting at least 24 other countries. With almost 65,000 infected, a worldwide death toll of at least 1370 (as of 14 February 2020), and with the potential to affect up to two-thirds of the world population, COVID-19 is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global health emergency. The speed of spread and infectivity of COVID-19 (also known as Wuhan-2019-nCoV) are dramatically exceeding those of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In fact, since September 2012, the WHO has been notified of 2494 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, whereas the 2002–2003 epidemic of SARS affected 26 countries and resulted in more than 8000 cases. Therefore, although SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are all the result of coronaviral infections, the causes of the coronaviruses differ dramatically in their transmissibility. It is likely that these differences in infectivity of coronaviruses can be attributed to the differences in the rigidity of their shells which can be evaluated using computational tools for predicting intrinsic disorder predisposition of the corresponding viral proteins.

Short Communication: Population-Based Surveillance of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Cameroonian Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy According to the World Health Organization Guidelines

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Désiré Takou ◽  
Maria Mercedes Santoro ◽  
Haniel Ze Akonie ◽  
Charles Kouanfack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Disseminated Tuberculosis in a Postpartum Young Women Presenting as Isolated Optic Neuritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Priya Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Disseminated Tuberculosis ◽  
Competent Person ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv 1

Tuberculosis (TB) is the first infectious disease declared by the World Health Organization as a global health mergency. It remains the leading cause of death among infectious diseases causing more deaths worldwide than uman immune deficiency virus (HIV) [1]. The following case report highlights the occult and non specific  resentations of the disease which makes it a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of extensively disseminated tuberculosis in an immune competent post partum young woman presenting as isolated optic neuritis. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis is commoner among immune compromised patients. Co-existence of military and intracranial tuberculosis in an immune competent person is extremely rare.

Erstes Instrument zur standardisierten Erfassung der Teilhabe Behinderter

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (07) ◽  
pp. 526-527
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Menschen Mit Behinderung

Coenen M et al. [Recommendation for the collection and analysis of data on participation and disability from the perspective of the World Health Organization]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59: 1060–1067 Um eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft von Menschen mit Behinderung zu ermöglichen, werden zunächst Daten zu vorhandenen Einschränkungen gebraucht. Erst wenn diese detailliert erhoben wurden, können Konzepte zur Beseitigung von Problemen entwickelt werden. Ein standardisiertes Erhebungsinstrument für alle Aspekte der Funktionsfähigkeit fehlte jedoch bisher.

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