The Impact of Australia’s Government Policy on Broadband Internet Access

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyan Fan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Telecommunications Sector ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Broadband Network ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Australian government has recognised the importance of broadband for their social and economic development. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of policy issues on broadband Internet access in Australia. This research has clearly indicated that the state of broadband Internet access is closely related to the Government’s policy and regulatory framework. The Government based its actions on market forces as a principal driver for broadband Internet connectivity. The research has indicated that the previous regulatory competition regime, by and large, has failed to address concerns of market dominance and market power in the Telecommunications sector as is evidenced by a relatively lower speed and value of broadband services in Australia. To rectify the situation, the Australian government has recently adopted a unique National Broadband Network (NBN) plan, which is linked to the national digital economy strategy. Australia is the first country in the world where a national broadband network infrastructure company, NBN Co, is regarded as a regulated national infrastructure provider rather than as a telecommunication company. The NBN Co builds and operates an open access, wholesale only and non-discrimination high-speed broadband network, the National Broadband Network (NBN). The Australian Government's goal for the NBN is to reform the telecommunications sector and ensure every home and business across the country has access to the NBN by 2020. This paper examines the policies underlying the NBN and discusses current practices and potential benefits of the NBN.

Australia's Government Policy and Broadband Internet Access

2011 ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Access ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Price Performance ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Like many other governments in the world, the Australian government has taken a multi-faceted approach to promoting broadband Internet access. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of policy issues on broadband Internet access in Australia. The primary goal of this chapter is to develop a holistic understanding of Australia’s national approaches pertaining to broadband Internet access. This research has clearly indicated that the state of broadband Internet access is closely related to the government’s policy and regulatory framework. The government has been basing its actions on market forces as a principal driver for broadband Internet connectivity. However, market forces only play their roles in improving broadband Internet access in the major cities and have little effect in regional and rural Australia. The research has indicated that the regulatory competition regime, by and large, has failed to address concerns of market dominance and market power in the telecommunications sector as is evidenced by a relatively lower price-performance ratio of broadband services in Australia.

scholarly journals Broadband Internet and Income Inequality

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges V. Houngbonon ◽  
Julienne Liang
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Digital technologies like the Internet can affect income inequality through increased demand for employment in manual and abstract jobs and reduced demand for employment in routine jobs. In this paper, we combine city-level income distribution and jobs data with broadband data from France to investigate the impact of broadband Internet access on income inequality. Using an instrumental variable estimation strategy, we find that broadband Internet reduces income inequality through increased employment in manual jobs. These effects increase with the availability of skilled workers and are significant in cities with a large service sector or high-speed Internet access. Further, the diffusion of broadband Internet comes with relatively greater benefits in low-income cities compared to high-income cities. Several robustness checks support these findings.

The impact of high speed internet on reproductive behavior in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Irina Kalabikhina ◽  
Imiliya Abduselimov ◽  
German Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Higher Vocational Education ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Fertility Choice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper examines influence of high-speed (broadband) Internet on fertility choice analyzed Russian panel data based on RLMS-HSE from 2014 to 2018. Using an instrumental variables strategy that exploits variations of broadband Internet access for households we find that determined broadband internet use leads to a positive effect on fertility for women of older reproductive age (from 25 to 49) and birth of second and further child is more affected. We attribute this effect to the ability of teleworking and building a better work-life balance. From our results this mechanism is relevant only for women with secondary and higher vocational education, that are more likely to work in professions with a higher probability of telework.

Cuba's “Equity without Growth” Dilemma and the 2011 Lineamientos

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Bicycle Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sectors

Abstract Cuba faces a development dilemma: it promotes equity and human capital while failing to deliver economic growth. For the government, the country's equity and human capital achievements are a source of pride, a sign that its priorities are right. This essay argues instead that this “equity without growth” dilemma is a sign of malaise. Theory and evidence suggest that high levels of equity and human capital should produce high levels of economic growth. Because growth is often weak or negative, some onerous barriers to development must be present. These barriers, it is argued, are restrictions on property and political rights. By comparing Cuba and China across two sectors, the bicycle industry and Internet access, this article shows how these restrictions have hindered growth. It also assesses how Cuba's latest economic reforms, the so-called Lineamientos, will address Cuba's development dilemma. The impact may be minimal, but perhaps more lasting than previous reforms.

scholarly journals Cotton Imports and GDP of Indonesia- Cointegration Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
P. Soumya ◽  
R. A. Yeledhalli
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The study examines the impact of cotton imports on the real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Indonesia for a period from 1992 to 2018 using ARDL approach and Granger causality analysis. Results of the study indicated that cotton imports have negative effect on economic growth. For every 1% increase in cotton imports the real GDP decreased by 0.107% in the long run. Any disequilibrium in the model is adjusted with a high speed of adjustment of 107.7% in less than a year. Shocks and the trend are adjusted in less than one year. There is no causality between imports of cotton and the real GDP. The study suggested effort should be taken by the government to increase yield of cotton by the use of technology and also a need to initiate farmers to take up cotton farming. 

Get Information or Get in Formation: The Effects of High-Information Environments on Legislative Elections

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Trussler
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Incumbency Advantage ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Roll Out

How does the changing information environment affect the degree to which voters make independent decisions for different offices on their ballots? Leveraging the gradual roll-out of broadband internet across the United States and across congressional districts, this study uses within-district variation over four election cycles to examine the effects of internet access on voting behavior in US legislative elections. The results show that the expansion of broadband resulted in less split-ticket voting and a lower incumbency advantage because voters exposed to increased high-speed internet voted in a more partisan fashion. Consistent with work demonstrating the effect of the internet on local news consumption, the results suggest that the change in the information environment resulting from enhanced internet access led voters to prioritize national considerations over local considerations. This has important consequences for not only how voters act, but the resulting incentives that elected officials confront.

scholarly journals Impact of twisting rate in 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling for G.fast technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saizalmursidi Md Mustam ◽  
Mohammad Arif Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Syukri Mohd Yazed ◽  
Che Ku Afifah Che Ku Alam
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Twisted Pair ◽  
Distribution Point ◽  
Model Reliability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Access Services ◽  
Published Result

An ultrafast digital subscriber line (DSL) technology called G.fast is important for ultrafast broadband Internet access services. In G.fast, the existing cable bundles installed for 250 m from the distribution point to the customer’s premises are used to support the gigabit data transmission (aggregated 1 Gbit/s) for frequency up to 106 MHz or 212 MHz. Since unshielded cable is used, and the frequency is 12 times higher compared to the very high-speed DSL2 (VDSL2), it is important to investigate the cable performance in terms of insertion loss and crosstalk coupling. In this paper, the impact of cable twisting rate on 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables for a small copper bundle on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling is investigated. A simulation model is developed based on the standard cable installed in Malaysia. The model reliability is validated by comparing the obtained result with the published result in the literature. Besides, the twisting rate of 100 m cable is manipulated by changing its lay size to determine its impact on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling. The results showed that a high twisting rate can reduce the far-end crosstalk but increase both the insertion loss and near-end crosstalk.

scholarly journals Strategies to Minimise Numerical Ventilation in CFD Simulations of High-Speed Planing Hulls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Gray-Stephens ◽  
Tahsin Tezdogan ◽  
Sandy Day
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Entrance Angle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Prism Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mesh Refinements

Abstract Numerical Ventilation (NV) is a well-known problem that occurs when the Volume of Fluid method is used to model vessels with a bow that creates a small, acute entrance angle with the free surface. These are typical of both planing hulls and yachts. There is a general lack of discussion focusing upon Numerical Ventilation available within the public domain, which is attributable to the fact that it only affects such a niche area of naval architecture. The information available is difficult to find, often fleetingly mentioned in papers with a different focus. Numerical Ventilation may be considered one of the main sources of error in numerical simulations of planing hulls and as such warrants an in-depth analysis. This paper sets out to bring together the available work, as well as performing its own investigation into the problem to develop a better understanding of Numerical Ventilation and present alternate solutions. Additionally, the success and impact of different approaches is presented in an attempt to help other researchers avoid and correct for Numerical Ventilation. Interface smearing caused by the simulations inability to track the free surface is identified as the main source of Numerical Ventilation. This originates from the interface between the volume mesh and the prism layer mesh. This study looks into the interface to identify strategies that minimise Numerical Ventilation, presenting a novel solution to prism layer meshing that was found to have a positive impact. Through the implementation of a modified High Resolution Interface Capture (HRIC) scheme and the correct mesh refinements, it is possible to minimise the impact of Numerical Ventilation to a level that will not affect the results of a simulation and is acceptable for engineering applications.

scholarly journals Stochastically Assessing the Financial Sustainability of Individual Accounts in the Urban Enterprise Employees’ Pension Plan in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Zaigui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pension Plan ◽  
The Self ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Accounts

Various countries are paying increasing attention to the long-term financial sustainability of pension plans, and the self-balancing ability of such plans is an important index to measure their long-term financial sustainability. This paper explores the financial self-balancing ability of the individual accounts of China’s urban enterprise employees’ pension plan (UEEPPI). In the particularly serious scenario that the individual accounts’ previous accumulated funds are zero, the bookkeeping rate and the investment return rate are considered as stochastic variables in the in-depth analysis of the self-balancing ability of individual accounts, and the effects of two different bookkeeping behaviors are compared. The results indicate that if the government adopts the fixed bookkeeping rate, the individual accounts have an excellent self-balancing ability. If the government adopts a stochastic bookkeeping rate, it can further improve the self-balancing ability of individual accounts. Sensitivity analysis finds that the increase in the wage growth rate can improve the self-balancing ability of individual accounts, but the impact of contribution rate of individual accounts and the contribution wages of recruits create uncertainty. Based on the conclusions, some policy implications are proposed.

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