An Approach to Identify the Impact of Human Intervention on Major Defects in Road Design, Construction and Maintenance

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Boboc ◽  
Ancuţa Rotaru ◽  
Vasile Boboc ◽  
Gupinath Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Design Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Construction Defects

The need to build and run roads offering structural integrity led to great advances in the fields of material sciences and fracture mechanics, but construction defects occur to either the new roads or the old ones. There are generally four categories of construction defects referring to roads: construction deficiencies, design deficiencies, material deficiencies, and subsurface deficiencies, but it is not uncommon for a design deficiency to link on to construction deficiencies in the structure.The paper aims to emphasise that people think different about hazard and safety especially when they build roads. Differently put, roads rely more heavily on their makers and users to limit both the occurrence and impact of human error in construction and maintenance on the one hand and to rectify and rehabilitate on the other hand to improve the safety performance of road transport systems and keep accidents from occurring.The paper aims to provide information about the defects occurred in the road construction and maintenance affecting human safety bringing forward practical examples. Moreover, it examines the materials widely implemented in the road construction from the viewpoint of their technological restraints and possible deficiencies. It also analyses some of the methods used on fields about how they might positively influence the road reliability and the human security implicitly.

METHODS OF REDUCING NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS BY MEANS OF THE INTEGRATED SAFETY APPROACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
А. Н. Канищев ◽  
А. Е. Борисов ◽  
Т. В. Каратаева
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Engineering Equipment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Impact

Постановка задачи. Необходимо рассмотреть развитие сети автомобильных дорог, формирование транспортных потоков, организацию дорожного движения с использованием инженерного оборудования и обустройства дорог, а также проанализировать влияние рассмотренных явлений на аварийность скорости движения. Результаты. Рассмотрены вопросы влияния ограничения скорости правилами дорожного движения на безопасность с учетом развития автомобильного транспорта и сети автомобильных дорог. Предложены способы снижения интенсивности движения на автомобильных дорогах с опорой на опыт развития дорожной сети иностранных государств. Рассмотрены возможные варианты применения инженерного оборудования для снижения количества ДТП. Выводы. Снижение аварийности может быть достигнуто только с применением комплексного подхода к обеспечению безопасности, который включает повышение уровня содержания автодорог, расширение дорожной сети, увеличение скорости движения и рациональное использование инженерного оборудования. Statement of the problem. It is necessary to consider the development of the road network, the formation of traffic flows, the organization of traffic using engineering equipment and road construction as well as to analyze the influence of the considered phenomena on the accident rate of movement speed. Results. The issues of the impact of speed limitation by traffic rules on safety, taking into account the development of road transport and road network, are explored. Methods of reducing traffic intensity on roads based on the experience of development of road network of foreign countries are set forth. Possible applications of engineering equipment to reduce the number of accidents are examined. Conclusions. Accident reduction can only be achieved using a comprehensive approach while increasing the level of road maintenance, expanding the road network, increasing the speed of traffic and rational use of engineering equipment.

scholarly journals Technical and Technological Innovations and Quality in Road transport of Goods - Selected Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kędzior-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of research regarding the impact of technical and technological innovations on the quality of services in road transport of goods. The study was conducted using a structured questionnaire survey on a sample of134 road transport companies. Respondents were managers and business owners. 7 factors, which potentially determined the quality of services, were assessed by the respondents. The data analysis used the arithmetic mean and the dominant, which formed the basis for determining the importance of a given factor for the quality of services. The variability analysis provided information about the variation of the sample. The results of the research proved the influence of innovation on quality. The highest-ranked factors supporting the quality ofroad transport services were intelligent transport systems, the ability to minform the customer about the actual location of the shipment (delivery time) and systems supporting the work of a professional driver. The article also identified selected innovations and attempts were made to determine their importance in the development of the quality of services and the effects of their functioning on the road transport system.

scholarly journals Ecological features of handling objects of the road construction complex

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1217-1227
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Shestakov ◽  
Konstantin L. Chertes ◽  
Olga V. Tupicyna ◽  
Vitaliy N. Pystin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The active development of the transport network of highways is one of the areas of construction activities, the environmental safety of which does not fully comply with environmental requirements. The road transport complex has a negative impact on all existing components of ecosystems, but the greatest impact is associated with the formation of waste generated during the reconstruction of highways. To minimize the negative impact of the road construction complex waste management on environmental components, it is necessary to supplement the well-known methods of assessing the created schemes and methods with approaches associated with the analysis of environmental safety. Materials and methods. Due to the fact that most of the waste generated during the reconstruction of highways is multi-composite, a classification by enlarged types is proposed, depending on their chemical composition and state of aggregation. Results. For the numerical assessment of the biopositivity parameter in the comparative analysis of various technologies, the method of hierarchy analysis was tested, which is based on the principles of decomposition, pairwise comparisons and synthesis of priorities. In general, the assessment of biopositivity is a hierarchical procedure that includes operations related to the transformation of the scale and its aggregation. The most significant factors reflecting the impact of the technologies under consideration on the environment were selected as the criteria for the assessment. Conclusions. The presented calculations of the biopositivity parameter for the considered methods of reconstruction of highways in swampy areas showed that the peat technology has the least impact on the environment. The bio-positivity index during peat extraction is 2 times higher than when using geocontainer processing of wetlands.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Model with Which to Safely Optimize the Configuration of Hydraulic Suspension of Modular Trailers in Special Road Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Rubén Escribano-García ◽  
Marina Corral-Bobadilla ◽  
Fátima Somovilla-Gómez ◽  
Rubén Lostado-Lorza ◽  
Ash Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Automatic Testing ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
On The Road

The dimensions and weight of machines, structures, and components that need to be transported safely by road are growing constantly. One of the safest and most widely used transport systems on the road today due to their versatility and configuration are modular trailers. These trailers have hydraulic pendulum axles that are that are attached in pairs to the rigid platform above. In turn, these modular trailers are subject to limitations on the load that each axle carries, the tipping angle, and the oil pressure of the suspension system in order to guarantee safe transport by road. Optimizing the configuration of these modular trailers accurately and safely is a complex task. Factors to be considered include the load’s characteristics, the trailer’s mechanical properties, and road route conditions including the road’s slope and camber, precipitation and direction, and force of the wind. This paper presents a theoretical model that can be used for the optimal configuration of hydraulic cylinder suspension of special transport by road using modular trailers. It considers the previously mentioned factors and guarantees the safe stability of road transport. The proposed model was validated experimentally by placing a nacelle wind turbine at different points within a modular trailer. The weight of the wind turbine was 42,500 kg and its dimensions were 5133 × 2650 × 2975 mm. Once the proposed model was validated, an optimization algorithm was employed to find the optimal center of gravity for load, number of trailers, number of axles, oil pressures, and hydraulic configuration. The optimization algorithm was based on the iterative and automatic testing of the proposed model for different positions on the trailer and different hydraulic configurations. The optimization algorithm was tested with a cylindrical tank that weighed 108,500 kg and had dimensions of 19,500 × 3200 × 2500 mm. The results showed that the proposed model and optimization algorithm could safely optimize the configuration of the hydraulic suspension of modular trailers in special road transport, increase the accuracy and reliability of the calculation of the load configuration, save time, simplify the calculation process, and be easily implemented.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10549
Author(s):  
Marinella Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Unpaved Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Co Concentrations

The road sector is one of the main sources of air emissions in the atmosphere during both construction and operation. The objective of the present paper is a comprehensive evaluation of the impact on air quality during the two main phases of life cycle of roads. In this case study of a motorway project, the emissions of the primary pollutants, CO, NOx, and PM10 are estimated, and the results showed that (i) CO and NOx pollutants released during both phases are comparable, while the emissions of PM10 are more significant in the construction phase; (ii) 85% of PM10 in construction is due to storage, transit on unpaved road, and crushing; (iii) the portals of the tunnel are the sites where there are higher concentrations of pollutants in operation; and (iv) the CO concentrations estimated by the dispersion model are strongly influenced by the topography.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Brake’s Performance Dependence Upon Technical Condition of Car Tires as a Factor of Road Safety Management

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Robert Sobótka ◽  
Arkadiusz Gola
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Inspection ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Inspection Station ◽  
The Impact

The social cost, as one of the factors determining sustainability of socio-economic development, is strongly dependent upon a number of casualties and mortality in road accidents. The condition of car tires appears to be one of the important factors determining the occurrence of accidents. The vast majority of vehicles are tested every year at vehicle inspection stations. One of the elements affecting the result of the technical condition test and basically the quality of vehicle braking is the technical condition of the tires. Their technical condition is a very important factor responsible for the quality of acceleration, braking, maintaining, or changing the direction of driving. As a consequence, it has a significant impact on road safety. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of tires on the results of tests performed at a vehicle inspection station. The study presents the results of bench measurements of the impact of selected features of tire condition of two vehicles during routine periodic inspections at a vehicle inspection station (VIS). The focus was on an attempt to assess the impact of inflation pressure, age, and tire tread wear on the braking process. The technical studies performed might be a source for legal steps assuring better management of road safety. It can also be expected that the tire choice and condition may affect fuel consumption, and therefore the amount of energy consumed by the road transport.

scholarly journals Impact of the Kunming–Bangkok Highway on Land Use Changes along the Route between Laos and Thailand

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Fangyu Zheng ◽  
Jiuming Huang ◽  
Zhiming Feng ◽  
Chiwei Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Road construction fragments the landscape, reduces connectivity, and drives land use changes. To our knowledge, little is known about the scope and intensity of the effects of cross-border roads on changes in land use. Here, with the land use data products provided by the US Agency for International Development’s SERVIR Mekong project, using the GIS-based spatial analysis to quantitatively analyze and compare the effects of the cross-border road on land use changes within a 30 km buffer area along the Kunming–Bangkok Highway between Laos and Thailand. The results show the following: The greater the distance was from the highway, the smaller were the overall changes in land use within the buffer zone. A comparison of the situation before and after the road was opened in 2013 revealed significant differences in the most influential land use types of agricultural expansion, i.e., from 47.07% to 52.07% (the buffer zone was 1 km). In particular, 57.32% (1381.93 ha) and 40.08% (966.46 ha) of the land occupied by forests had been converted into land for plantation and agriculture, respectively, from 2013 to 2018. The scope of the impact of the operational route on the dynamics of land use was inconsistent. The largest impact before the road became operational was within 4 km of the buffer zone (0.26 to 0.24). Once the road had been opened, the range of its impact was beyond 10 km (0.63 to 0.57). The work here can provide a scientific basis for regional transportation planning and the sustainable use of land resources.

scholarly journals The impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on surface water of small endorheic wetlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Wojciech Staszek ◽  
Żaneta Polkowska ◽  
Aleksandra Dubiella-Jackowska ◽  
Jacek Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Water Samples

AbstractThe paper presents the results of the impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on small endorheic catchment basins. Particular attention was paid to pollution discharged from the road to the surface water, as well as changes in hydrological conditions in the vicinity of the road. In the study, surface water samples were analysed in terms of their electrolytic conductivity, pH and content of major minerals. GIS was also used to study transformation of local catchment areas as a result of the road construction, determining their relevance to local conditions of drainage. Moreover, the main directions of transformation of surface waters of the small endorheic wetlands caused by runoff water from the ring road were discovered. Research results have shown a strong influence of the road functioning on surface water properties and changes in hydrological conditions of the studied catchment basins.

scholarly journals Prioritizing the Chicken or Egg? Electric Vehicle Purchase and Charging Infrastructure Subsidies in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Roland Zink ◽  
Javier Valdes ◽  
Jane Wuth
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Vehicle Purchase ◽  
The Impact

To meet current targets for greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, emissions, especially those originating from the road transport sector, need to be reduced. Plans are to achieve this goal by substituting fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs). This article first discusses conceptually the impact of an increasing share of EVs on the electricity grid and suitable locations for charging stations with examples from a Case Study in Lower Bavaria. Secondly, the impact of purchase subsidies on EV purchases in Germany, a high-income country characterized by an important automotive industry and an increasing share of private vehicles is examined. To achieve this, yearly information on EV purchases were analyzed by applying the Synthetic Control Method. Combining data from different sources including the European Alternative Fuels Observatory, Eurostat, and the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association, an overall picture was developed. Results indicate a difference between private, semi-public, and public charging infrastructures. Its spatial distribution does not correspond to a specific development strategy. Moreover, EV subsidies have a limited effect in Germany when controlling for market size. Limiting the discussion to a trade-off between subsidizing infrastructures or EV purchases obviates the multidimensionality of the problem as neither of them may be sufficient to accelerate the transition per se. Furthermore, if electricity provided for EVs comes mainly from fossil carriers, the changes in the road transport sector will not yield the expected emission reductions. The transition towards renewables is directly intertwined with the effects of EVs on emission reductions in the road transport sector.

scholarly journals An Innovative Simulation Agent-Based Model for the Combined Sea-Road Transport as a DSS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10773
Author(s):  
Alessandra Renna ◽  
Marco Petrelli ◽  
Stefano Carrese ◽  
Riccardo Bertocci
Keyword(s):  
Choice Model ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Road ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
The Impact

This research proposes an innovative approach to evaluate modal shift from the road-only to the combined sea-road transport in order to implement new policies and introduce a Decision Support System (DSS) for the transportation planner’s decision. The impact of these is carried out by using an innovative simulation tool which has the capability to simulate the real choice process of all stakeholders involved, specifically modelling the freight forwarder’s point of view. The model runs as a single-agent based simulation which uses a multimodal network with detailed zoning. The simulation tool, capable of simulating the assignment of the whole network simultaneously, consists of a path choice model and a mode choice model for each o/d pair considered, establishing o/d pairs suitable and not suitable for modal shift. Three policies have been designed and tested through the simulation tool with an application in the Italian context: (1) internalization of the external costs of heavy vehicles; (2) introduction of a bonus for shipping companies; (3) design of new Ro-Ro services. The most affecting policy concerns an increase of speed of some Ro-Ro services to 22 kn, proposing a good balance between the navigation costs and the potential demand attracted.

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