A VARX Measurement of Advertising’s Spillover Effect across it Technology and Wireless Communication Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 2015-2021
Author(s):  
Zong Jin Liu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Yan Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile Advertising ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Total Magnitude ◽  
Sectional Analysis

With the booming of wireless communication technology, there is an increasing adoption of mobile advertising. In mobile advertising fields, most spillover effect studies are cross-sectional analysis measuring only immediate effects, which might underestimate total magnitude in the long run. Complementary to these studies, we employ a company archival dataset to explore LBAs’ (Location Based Advertisings) and PUAs’ (Pop-up Advertisings) long term spillover effects in a mobile commerce context. Designed for promoting mobile movie sales, these two advertising channels generate data business sales because of spillover effects. The developed VARX model quantifies spillover effects of LBA and PUA in both short and long terms. These findings advance mobile advertising literatures and make important implications for marketing managers using mobile commerce.

Sales Impacts of Location Based Advertising Using Wireless Communication Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1741-1747
Author(s):  
Zong Jin Liu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Jing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Advertising Budget ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
A Company

Using wireless communication technology, location-based advertising (LBA) is booming recently. Most LBA researches are cross-sectional analysis studying only contemporaneous impacts, which might seriously underestimate advertisings’ efficacy in the long run. Complementary to these researches, we employ a company archival dataset to explore LBA’s and PUA’s (Pop-up Advertising) sales impact in both contemporaneous and long run terms. The developed dynamic structural equation model reveals that (1)in terms of magnitude, LBA’s efficacy is stronger than that of PUA both contemporaneously and accumulatively; (2) in terms of persistent time, while LBA only have contemporaneous impact, PUA’ s impact lasts for 9 days. Theses empirical findings would help managers to allocate advertising budget efficiently while using wireless communication technology.

COMPARING THE IMPACTS OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS ACROSS STOCK MARKETS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siok Kun Sek ◽  
Zhan Jian Ng ◽  
Wai Mun Har
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Multivariate Garch ◽  
Oil Price Shocks ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

We conduct empirical analyses on comparing the spillover effects of oil price shocks on the volatility of stock returns between oil importing and oil exporting countries. In particular, we seek to study how the nature of oil price shocks differs due to the oil dependency factor and how the stock markets react to such shocks. Applying the multivariate GARCH-BEKK(1,1) model, our results detect spillover effects between crude oil price and stock returns for all countries. The short run persistencies of shocks are smaller but the persistencies of shocks are very high in the long run. The results hold for both groups of countries. The results imply larger spillover effect from oil price shock into stock market in the oil importing countries.

The Effect of Deregulation on Employee Earnings: Pilots, Flight Attendants, and Mechanics, 1959–1992

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Crémieux
Keyword(s):  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Airline Deregulation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Previous studies of the effect of the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act on employee earnings have reported mixed results: some have found no negative long-run effect of deregulation and others have found a negative effect of up to 10%. Most of these studies relied on cross-sectional analysis of a few years' data. This paper, in contrast, examines the long-term trends in airline earnings, based on 34 years of newly collected firm-level data from the Department of Transportation's Form 41 and airline workers' unions. The author finds that although deregulation had no statistically significant effect on the earnings of mechanics, it strongly affected the earnings of flight attendants and pilots. Flight attendants' earnings were at least 12% lower by 1985 and 39% lower by 1992 than they would have been if deregulation had not occurred, and the corresponding shortfalls for pilots were 12% and 22%.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Hospital Environmental Performance based on ISO 14031 Evaluation Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam MAZAHERI ◽  
Yousef BABAEI MASDARGHI ◽  
Arezoo ALIZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Managerial Support ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Introduction: Hospitals are working to create innovation in patient care throughout the world while maintaining high quality standards. Since in implementing this innovation, hospitals have an impact on the natural environment, hospital managers are constantly developing management plans to conserve energy and dispose medical waste properly to reduce the damage to patients, surrounding communities, and the natural environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the important and effective indicators in order to target the measures in the field of hospital environmental management. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was designed and implemented in 2018 and 2019 in Trita subspecialty hospital in the west of Tehran. To implement this study, ISO 14001 standard was used and ISO 14031 standard was applied to monitor it. Results: According to the findings, 18 important and basic indicators were defined in the field of environmental performance for the hospital and the relevant indicators were measured. Correction and improvement of indicators was clearly observed in 2018 and 2019. Most of the corrective actions and the most noticeable changes were related to waste. Conclusion: The use of environmental assessment models along with managerial support for corrective action can protect the environment in the long run and improve public health. Moreover, proper management of the hospital waste can reduce the costs.

Study on the Price Fluctuation and Dynamic Relationship between Log and Sawn Timber

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Rong Zhao ◽  
Gang Diao ◽  
Shaozhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Timber Markets

Abstract The rapid economic and social growth of China has significantly increased its timber demand, resulting in a heavy reliance on foreign timber supply. Thus, price fluctuation in the international market poses a great risk to domestic timber production and processing enterprises. This study analyzed the dynamic conduction relationship between domestic and international logs and sawn timber markets and how to reduce risks by adjusting the structure of imported products' portfolios. In this article, the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model is applied to analyze the relationship between domestic and import prices of logs and sawn timber. The study found that among four markets, except one where the short-term spillover effect between domestic logs and sawn timber is large with statistical significance, spillover effects are small. In the long run, there are significant spillover effects between the four markets. Thus, changes in the international log market are very easy to transfer to the domestic log market through trade and then to the downstream domestic and international sawn timber markets. Therefore, in order to ensure timber security in China, this study uses the theory of portfolios to calculate product proportion with minimum risks. The proportion of portfolios indicates that, even though Chinese companies prefer logs, they have to import a great amount of sawn timber due to restrictions on log exports from sourcing countries, which increases the risk of timber supply.

scholarly journals Who Gets the Credit? Legislative Responsiveness and Evaluations of Members, Parties, and the US Congress

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Butler ◽  
Christopher F. Karpowitz ◽  
Jeremy C. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Approval ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us

This article considers the hypothesis that the positive actions taken by members of Congress (MCs) influence citizens’ evaluations of them, their party, and Congress as an institution. We begin with a look at the available cross-sectional survey data on contact with legislators and legislator and institutional approval. Their legislative responsiveness appears to have a small spillover effect on institutions. However, when we employ a unique panel design that controls for prior levels of opinion and avoids recall bias, we find no evidence of spillover effects. Overall, we find that constituents who received a response from their own MC evaluate that representative more positively than those who did not receive a response, but legislator responsiveness does not predict evaluations of the MC’s political party or the Congress.

scholarly journals Badanie dynamiki ubóstwa w Polsce z wykorzystaniem modeli analizy historii zdarzeń o czasie dyskretnym

2013 ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sączewska-Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Studies on poverty are based predominantly on cross-sectional analysis. Including a time dimension in the analysis allows us to better understanding the dynamics of poverty. In the long run, a unit (individual, household, family) can enter and exit poverty several times. An analysis of determinants of these events allows us to identify groups of households which are particularly likely to enter into poverty, and those with a high chance of exiting poverty. The main aim of this article is to identify determinants of transitions into and out of poverty in Poland in 2000–2011. To achieve this, I use logit regression models for discrete-time event history analysis. I present two specifications of the model, one with number of years spent outside poverty and a second with additional selected socio-economic characteristics of household and household head. The results of estimation suggest that the amount of time spent out of poverty or in poverty does not have a significantly effect, with the exception of one case, on the probability of a change in the status (in poverty/out of poverty). In the case of entries into poverty, including additional variables improves the model. I find that a change in probability of entry into poverty is significantly affected by age and education of household head, place of residence and labour force status of household. However, expanded model of poverty exits is worse than the base model. None of the included variables are statistically significant.

scholarly journals Productivity and Spillover effect of merger and acquisitions in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai Chiek Aik ◽  
M. Kabir Hassan ◽  
Taufiq Hassan ◽  
Shamsher Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Synergistic Gains ◽  
Rival Firms ◽  
Analytical Tools

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the productivity and spillover effect of Malaysian horizontal merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in the long run. Design/methodology/approach – In terms of analytical tools, economic value added (EVA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are used. Findings – The results of this study reveal that M&As in the absence of antitrust laws could be driven by managerial self-interest to create market power instead of realizing synergistic gains. Also, in Malaysia, the non-merging rival firms have significantly higher productivity improvement than the control bidder firms, and therefore, this study has identified the spillover effect as a behavior of M&A reaction. Originality/value – This paper differs from previous studies in that it attempts not only to examine the real long-term gains of horizontal M&A activities in Malaysia but also the spillover effects of M&A activities on similar but non-merging firms.

Ultramicrotomy as a Technique for Materials Specimen Preparation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S.R. Glanvill
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Flat Embedding ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This paper summarizes the application of ultramicrotomy as a specimen preparation technique for some of the Materials Science applications encountered over the past two years. Specimens 20 nm thick by hundreds of μm lateral dimension are readily prepared for electron beam analysis. Materials examined include metals, plastics, ceramics, superconductors, glassy carbons and semiconductors. We have obtain chemical and structural information from these materials using HRTEM, CBED, EDX and EELS analysis. This technique has enabled cross-sectional analysis of surfaces and interfaces of engineering materials and solid state electronic devices, as well as interdiffusion studies across adjacent layers.Samples are embedded in flat embedding moulds with Epon 812 epoxy resin / Methyl Nadic Anhydride mixture, using DY064 accelerator to promote the reaction. The embedded material is vacuum processed to remove trapped air bubbles, thereby improving the strength and sectioning qualities of the cured block. The resin mixture is cured at 60 °C for a period of 80 hr and left to equilibrate at room temperature.

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