Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) on Hardness of Heat-Treated Al-Mg-Si (6082) Alloys: Experimental Correlation Using (DOE) Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Tash ◽  
S. Alkahtani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Thermo-mechanical Treatment (TMT) on aging and hardness of Al-Mg-Si (6082) alloys. The effect of cold work after solution treatment, aging time and temperature on the microstructure and hardness were studied. Hardness measurements were carried out on specimens prepared from 6082 alloys in the as solution treated specimens and heat-treated conditions, using different cold work percentage before aging treatment. Aging treatments were carried out for the as solution treated specimens (after quenching in water) as well as for the as cold worked specimens (after solution treatment and quenching in water). The specimens were aged at different conditions; Natural aging was carried out at room temperature for different periods of time. Artificial aging was performed at 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C for various times. It is noticed that cold work, following solution treatment, accelerates the precipitation rate leading to a rise in strength.A statistical design of experiments (DOE) approach using fractional factorial design was applied to determine the influence of controlling variables of cold work and heat treatment parameters and any interactions between them on the hardness of 6082 alloys. A mathematical model is developed to relate the alloy hardness with the different metallurgical parameters i.e. Cold work prior solution heat treatment (CWBSHT), Cold work after solution heat treatment (CWASHT), Pre-aging Temperature (PA T0C), Pre-aging time (PA t h), Aging temperature (AT0C), Aging time (At h), Cold work after aging treatment (CWAAT), Annealing temperature (An.T0C) and Annealing time (An.t min) to acquire an understanding of the effects of these variables and their interactions on the hardness of Al-Mg-Si 6082 alloys.

Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on Tensile Strength of Al-Mg-Si Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin ◽  
Mohd Hanif Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Noor Mazlee ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Sample Solution ◽  
Solution Treatment Temperature ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Heat Treated

This work examines the effect of solution heat treatment temperature on the tensile strength of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy. All samples were machined according to the ASTM B557. The samples were solution treated at 450°C and 530°C and followed by ageing at 160°C for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 hours. Tensile test was carried out on the samples after heat treatment. The results showed that the highest tensile strengths (201.69 MPa) was given by the sample solution heat treated at 530 °C for 5 hours followed by 20 hours aging at 160 °C. Whereas, the lowest tensile strength (98.52MPa) was given by the sample solution treated at 450°C for 20 hours. Tensile strength was increased with ageing process and decreased for over-aged samples.

The Effect of Incomplete Solution Treatment on the Tensile Behavior and Mechanical Anisotropy of 2195 Aluminum Lithium Alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Wesley Walker ◽  
Rudolf Marloth ◽  
Ye Thura Hein ◽  
Omar S. Es-Said
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Aluminum Lithium Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aluminum Lithium

This study aimed to characterize the effects of incomplete solution treatment time on the tensile behavior of 2195 Al-Li alloy. Two sets of plates of 2195 Al-Li alloy received solution heat treatment. One set received the prescribed treatment, held in the furnace for 30 minutes after the material had reached 507°C. The other set was in the furnace for only 30 minutes and did not reach 507°C until after about 15 to 20 minutes. Both set of plates were water quenched. Samples from the plates were then stretched 2.5-3% or 6%, rolled 6%, and rolled 24%, at 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the rolling direction of the as-received material. The samples were aged at 143°C for 36 hours and air-cooled. Tensile specimens were milled out at 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the original rolling direction. Tensile testing was performed on all samples. The incomplete heat treatment (incomplete solution treatment) resulted in a significant reduction in strength. This was probably due to the formation of fewer T1 precipitates after aging, thereby reducing the amount which could nucleate during cold work. The fully heat treated samples had higher percent yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation.

Effect of Heat Treatment Hardness of Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr, Al-Mg-Si and and Al-Mg-Zn Alloys-Experimental Correlation Using Factorial DOE and ANOVA Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1317-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Tash ◽  
Saleh Alkahtani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zn Alloys

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the aging and mechanical behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr , Al-Mg-Si and and Al-Mg-Zn alloys (8090 , 6082 and 7075). The effect of cold work after solution treatment, aging parameters (time and temperature) on the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Attempts are made to determine the combined effect of cold work and aging treatment on the hardness, UTS and microstructure for these alloys. By study the impact of different heat treatments for Al-Mg-Si alloys (6082), Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr (8090) and Al-Mg-Zn (7075) aluminum alloys on the hardness and mechanical properties, it is possible to determine conditions necessary to achieve better mechanical properties and the maximum levels of hardness and values corresponding to those considered suitable for commercial applications of these alloys.Design of Experiment (DOE) method in Minitab is used to measure the impact of various factors and how they relate. Correlation between the hardness and different metallurgical factors for these alloys at both quantitative and qualitative are investigated and analysed. A statistical design of experiments (DOE) approach using fractional factorial design was applied to determine the influence of controlling variables of cold work and heat treatment parameters and any interactions between them on the hardness of the above alloys. A mathematical model is developed to relate the alloy hardness with the different metallurgical parameters to acquire an understanding of the effects of these variables and their interactions on the hardness of wrought Al-alloys. It is noticed that cold work, following solution treatment, accelerates the precipitation rate leading to a rise in strength

Effect of the Two-Step Solution Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Semisolid Cast 7075 Aluminum Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowalak Kongiang ◽  
Thawatchai Plookphol ◽  
Jessada Wannasin ◽  
Sirikul Wisutmethangoon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Eutectic Phase ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Black Particle

Effect of the two-step solution heat treatment on the microstructure of semisolid cast 7075 aluminium alloy has been studied. The microstructure of the as-cast specimens mainly consisted of matrix-α (Al) and grain boundary (GB)-eutectic phase (α-Al + Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2). After solution treating, coarse black particles were found to form in the single-step solution treated specimens at the condition of 450 °C for 8 h and 480 °C for 1 h, respectively. Two-step solution heat treatment resulted in the reduction of coarse black particle formation while maintaining the same amount of eutectic MgZn2phase dissolution as the high temperature single-step solution treatment. Therefore, the two-step solution heat treatment enables alloying elements dissolved into the matrix without overheating and hence decreases coarse black particles. The optimum two-step solution heat treatment condition derived from this study was 400 °C for 8 h + 450 °C for 4 h.

Solution Heat Treatment of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Affected on Anodic Oxide Layer

2016 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsaree Iewkitthayakorn ◽  
Somjai Janudom ◽  
Narissara Mahathaninwong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated

This research focused on the effect of solution heat treated microstructures on anodic oxide formations of casting 7075 Al alloy. The casting specimens were solution heat treated at 450°C for various holding. The results showed that the quality of anodic oxide film on the specimen with 4h solution heat treatment time was higher than that of at other conditions. Because its microstructures obtained the lowest amounts of secondary phase particles leading to improve the quality of oxide film and also reduce defects in oxide film. On the other hand, coarse black particles of Mg2Si formed increasingly in microstructures of specimens after solution treatment at prolong holding time of 8h and 16h resulted in discontinues oxide films forming on them.

The Effect of Aging Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Cu-Al-Fe-(x) Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Guo Fa Mi ◽  
Jin Zhi Zhang ◽  
Hai Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Suitable Heat Treatment ◽  
Ni Alloy

Alloys were produced by casting of Cu-Al-Fe-Be and Cu-Al-Fe-Ni aluminum bronzes and aged. The microstructures and mechanical properties were evaluated. The results indicated that solution and aging treatment can significantly improve the plasticity of Cu-Al-Fe-Be and Cu-Al-Fe-Ni, while the strength and hardness remained in the quenched level. Extending the aging time can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of alloys, and the longer the aging time, the higher the electric resistance of alloys. According to the results, the mechanical properties of the Cu-Al-Fe-Be alloy can be improved remarkably by solution treatment for 120 min at 950°C, followed by aging treatment for 120 min at 350°C, and quenched. While the most suitable heat treatment for the Cu-Al-Fe-Ni alloy was solution treatment 120 min at 950°C, followed by aging for 120 min at 450°C, and quenched. The experimental result also suggested that the Cu-Al-Fe-Be alloy possessed higher hardness and tensile strength compared to the Cu-Al-Fe-Ni alloy.

Grain Boundary Engineering of Metals by Thermo-Mechanical Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Péter János Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Grain Boundary Engineering ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Relative Fraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment

The relative fraction of the special grain boundaries can be increased by thermo-mechanical treatments. During this work, AISI 304-type austenitic stainless steels were plastically deformed and heat treated under different conditions, and then the grain boundary network, which developed during the treatments was investigated. Results showed that cyclic application of large cold rolling (30% reduction of thickness) and quick heat treatment at high temperature (800 °C, 2 minutes) gave the best grain boundary network. A possible reason of this behaviour is that grains which did not recrystallize after the first cycle, stored a high elastic energy, which helped the grain boundary motions in the next cycles. To characterize the developed grain boundary network, different parameters are also suggested in this paper.

Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of 2197 Al-Li Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1621-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Ping Mao ◽  
Jun Peng Li ◽  
Jian Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Precipitated Phase ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Peak Aged ◽  
Aged State ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment

Effects of thermo-mechanical treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of 2197 alloy were studied through analyses of the mechanical properties by tensile tests and TEM observation of thermo-mechanical heat treated 2197 alloy plates of various states. Results show that the dominating precipitated phase of peak-aged 2197 alloy during thermo-mechanical heat treatment is T1 phase of which the size is 50~150nm. The precipitation and growth of T1 phase are accelerated due to the existed nucleation sites for heterogeneous nucleation of T1 phase offered by thermo-mechanical treatment, therefore, the time for 2197 alloy to reach the peak-aged state is shorten. The strength of 2197 alloy for peak-aged state is increased through thermo-mechanical treatment because the strengthening effect of T1 phase with higher aspect ratio is bigger than that of δ′ and θ′ phases.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatments on the Microstructural Evolution of a Single Crystal High-Entropy Superalloy

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Saito ◽  
Yung-Ta Chen ◽  
Yuji Takata ◽  
Kyoko Kawagishi ◽  
Wei-Che Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Cast Sample ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Interdendrite Region ◽  
Aging Conditions

The effect of solution heat treatment as well as primary and secondary aging treatment conditions on the microstructural evolution of a high-entropy superalloy was investigated. The as-cast sample shows coarsened γ′ precipitates and other extra phases at interdendrite region due to microsegregation. This microsegregation makes γ′ solvus unclear and decreases the solidus. After conducting the solution treatment determined in this study, primary aging conditions showing an aligned cubic γ′ phase at 1050 °C for 4 h and random spherical γ′ precipitates at 950 °C for 20 h in similar size were found. By using both samples, secondary aging conditions showing coarsened secondary γ′ precipitates and γ particles inside the γ′ precipitates at 800 °C for 20 h and fine secondary γ′ precipitates at 850 and 870 °C for 20 h were found.

Effect of Solution Heat Treatment and Additives on the Microstructure of Al – Si (A413.1) Automotive Alloys

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Moustafa ◽  
F.H. Samuel ◽  
H.W. Doty
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Unmodified Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Cast Condition

A study was carried out to determine the role of additives such as Mg and Cu on the microstructural characteristics of grain refined, Sr-modified eutectic A413.1 alloy (Al-11.7% Si) during solution heat treatment. For comparison purposes, some of the alloys were also studied in the non-modified condition. The alloys were cast in a steel permanent mold preheated at 425 °C that provided a microstructure with an average dendrite arm spacing (DAS) of ~ 22 µm. Castings were solution heat treated at 500 ± 2 °C for time up 24 h, followed by quenching in warm water (at 60 °C). Microstructural analysis of the as-cast and heat-treated castings was carried out using optical microscopy in conjunction with image analysis. Phase identifications were done using the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) technique. In the as-cast condition, the addition of 0.42 wt% Mg to the unmodified alloy produced relatively large Si particles compared to the base A413.1 alloy. The Si particle size remained more or less the same with increase in solution treatment time and Mg level. Both Mg2Si and Al2Cu phases were observed to dissolve almost completely after 8 h solution time, while the Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 phase was found to persist even after 24 h.

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