Bromide Ion Removal by Coagulation in Drinking Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1188-1191
Author(s):  
Qi Zhu ◽  
Dong Mei Liu ◽  
Fu Yi Cui ◽  
Lei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Bromide Ions ◽  
Bromide Ion ◽  
The Songhua River ◽  
Better Than

In order to prove the rules of bromide ion remove in coagulation treatment stage in drinking water, by carrying out laboratory coagulation test in simulated water and the Songhua River raw water samples, the effects of bromine ion removal by coagulation of PAC, FeCl3 and the compound ferrous were investigated. The results showed that when the dosage of PAC was 60mg/L, the average removal rate of bromine ion was 50.6% by coagulation in the simulated water samples, and the rate was 44.8% in raw water samples of the Songhua River. In the conditions of FeCl3 dosage 70mg/L, the average removal rate of bromine ion was 56.1% in the simulated water sample, and the rate was 55.2% in raw water. When Reduce the same turbidity of drinking water, the effect of bromide ions removal by FeCl3 coagulation was better than that of PAC. When the dosage of compound ferrous (Ferrosilicon ratio of 1:1) as coagulant was 16.8mg/L, the bromide ions removal rate up to 67.6%.

The Influence of Bromate Formation by Chlorination in Drinking Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Fang ◽  
Qi Zhu ◽  
Jia Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Bromide Ion ◽  
Excessive Risk

In order to prove the effect of bromate formation by chlorination in drinking water treatment process, by carrying out laboratory chlorination test in simulated water, Harbin drinking water and the Songhua River raw water samples, the influences of bromine ion be oxidated into bromate by chlorine were investigated. The results showed that when chlorine quantity was 5 mg/L, the conversion rate of bromide ion to bromate was less than 1.3%. On a large amount of chlorine (5 mg/L), significant bromate generation changes could not cause by the long-term existence of chlorine in the water, and the bromate concentration did not change significantly for a long period of time. In the conditions of high concentration of organic matter in water, the risk of bromate formation was low. When chlorine content reached 5 mg/L, a very small amount of bromate was detected in the raw water. New excessive risk caused by the presence of residual chlorine would not exist in the process of water supply.

Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and MTBE in drinking water sources in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Simazaki ◽  
M. Asami ◽  
T. Nishimura ◽  
S. Kunikane ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Nationwide surveys of 1,4-dioxane and methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) levels in raw water used for the drinking water supply were conducted at 91 water treatment plants in Japan in 2001 and 2002, prior to the revision of the drinking water quality standards. 1,4-dioxane was widely and continuously detected in raw water samples and its occurrence was more frequent and its concentrations higher in groundwater than in surface water. However, its maximum concentration in raw water was much lower than its new standard value (50 μg/L), which was determined as a level of 10−5 excessive cancer risk to humans. Trace levels of MTBE were also detected in several surface water samples.

Characterization of Drinking Water Odour Arising from Spring Thaw for an Ice-Covered Upland River Source

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
D. Rector ◽  
N. Motkosky
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Biogenic Source ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Recurring odour events during spring thaw in the North Saskatchewan River led to a program to characterize contributing odour agents. Raw and treated water samples were adsorbed on granular activated carbon which was then exhaustively solvent extracted. The solvent concentrates were subjected to a Chromatographie sniffing procedure combined with gas chromatographic-mass spectral analyses. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were identified by sensory and analytical means as likely major contributors to the raw water odour. Benzaldehyde, camphor and dihydroactinidiolide were other relevant compounds identified. Given the near freezing water conditions at the time of the odour event, the biogenic source of the odour agents remains a subject for investigation.

Performance of PAC/PDM composite coagulants for removal of algae from Lake Taihu waters in summer

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Zhang ◽  
X. L. Zhao ◽  
X. X. Li ◽  
Ch. Liu ◽  
L. L. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Algae Removal ◽  
Better Than

The enhanced coagulation of algae-rich raw water from Lake Taihu in summer was studied by use of composite coagulants. The composite coagulants were composed of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDM) with various intrinsic viscosity values (0.55–3.99 dL/g) and different mass percentages (5–20%) in the formulation. For raw water with temperature of 28–29°C and algae content of 3.60 × 104–3.70 × 104 cells/ml, the algae-removal rates of 89.0% and 89.3–93.1% could be realized by using PAC and PAC/PDM (0.55/5%–3.99/20%) with dosages of 8.37 mg/L and 5.93–3.58 mg/L, respectively, when 2 NTU residual turbidity of treated water after sedimentation was required. Compared with using PAC only, the removal rate of CODMn using PAC/PDM increased at least 4.4% when the dosage was 8 mg/L, and increased at least 5.0% when the dosage was 10 mg/L. The composite coagulants could still function well when raw water quality deteriorated and algae content reached 8.00 × 104 cells/ml. The enhanced coagulation efficiency of PAC/PDM (0.55/5%) could be better than that of PAC combined with prechlorination process when the same dosages are used.

Treatment of taste and odor causing substances in drinking water

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsug Kim ◽  
Yeongho Lee ◽  
Chai S. Gee ◽  
Euiso Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Process Scheme ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Detectable Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

To collect fundamental data for the improvement of drinking water quality, focusing on the removal of 2-MIB, Geosmin, IPMP, IBMP and TCA, a total of 20m3/d pilot plant was operated with process schemes of GAC with post-O3(PP-I), and without ozonation(PP-II). Five taste and odor causing substances could be removed to non-detectable concentration with PP-I, but GAC alone was not so effective as PP-I. The larger the EBCT and Iodine Number of GAC column employed, the higher the removal efficiencies expected. The minimum EBCT and Iodine Number were respectively 15 min and 1,000 mg/g of GAC column. Geosmin removal efficiencies ranged 30 to 40% at 15.6 ng/l during conventional process scheme, but 70 to 80% removal was achieved by the PP-I and 60 to 70% by PP-II was achieved. IPMP removal efficiencies were 60 to 80% with GAC only. IBMP and TCA were seldom detected in raw water samples, but TCA was the most difficult to remove of five taste and odor causing substances.

Characterization of indicator bacteria in municipal raw water, drinking water, and new main water samples

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Clark ◽  
C. A. Burger ◽  
L. E. Sabatinos
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Municipal water samples were analyzed by membrane filter (MF) and presence–absence (P-A) tests for pollution indicator bacteria. In four years, 11 514 bacterial cultures were isolated from either raw water, drinking water, or new main water samples submitted to three environmental laboratories. The bacterial species occurring most often in all types of water samples were Escherichia coli (11.6–39.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes (18.1–26.3%), Aeromonas hydrophila (8.8–17.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.7–10.3%), and Citrobacter freundii (5.09–22.7%). A lactose – lauryl tryptose – tryptone broth was examined as an alternative medium to modified MacConkey broth in the presumptive portion of the P-A test. The intensity of acid and gas production in presumptive positive P-A bottles was compared with the types and frequencies of indicator bacteria shown by confirmatory tests. The results of detecting indicator bacteria following the analysis of 53 130 samples over a 2-year period were arranged by water source (well, lake, river, mixed) and water type (raw or drinking) to determine the influence of these parameters on the recovery of indicator bacteria. A further subdivision of the sample types into raw surface, raw ground, in-plant, plant discharge, reservoir, and distribution samples demonstrated the effect of water treatment practices.

scholarly journals A Breakthrough in Water Purification Using an Oligodynamic Metal and Moringa Oleifera Seed

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alakaparampil Joseph Varkey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

A simple, efficient and stand-alone method for purification of river water using moringa seed powder and copper is discussed. Coagulant property of the seed powder clears turbid raw water and the oligodynamic activity of copper completely destroys E.coli bacteria. Both raw and treated water samples were tested for contaminants to verify the efficacy of the system. Treated water has turbidity in the range 3 NTU - 5 NTU and non-detected (< 1 MPN/100 mL) E.coli count making it suitable for drinking. The technique is very cost effective and can be practiced anywhere using locally available materials. It does not require a power source or any technical assistance. Being a stand-alone system the technique exceptionally useful in providing drinking water as an immediate solution in disaster areas affected by cyclone or floods.

scholarly journals Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts/oocysts in watersheds and drinking water sources in Brazil urban areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini ◽  
Thaís Filomena da Silva Santos ◽  
Veridiana Karmann Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Giardia Cysts

The protozoan parasites Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been described as important waterborne disease pathogens, and are associated with severe gastrointestinal illnesses. The objective of this paper was to investigate the presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples from watershed catchments and treated water sources. A total of 25 water samples were collected and examined according to the US EPA—Method 1623, 2005, consisting of 12 from drinking water and 13 from raw water. Positive samples from raw water for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were 46.1 and 7.6%, respectively. In finished water, positive samples were 41.7% for Giardia cysts and 25.0% for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Concentrations of Giardia cysts found in raw water samples ranged from “not detected” to 3.4 cysts/L, whereas concentrations of Cryptoporidium oocysts ranged from “not detected” to 0.1 oocysts/L. In finished water, Giardia concentrations ranged from “not detected” to 0.06 cysts/L, and Cryptosporidium, from “not detected” to 0.01 oocysts/L. Concentrations of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were not high in the samples analyzed. Nevertheless, the results of this study highlight the need to monitor these organisms in both raw and drinking water.

Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts in Water from Jilin City Section of the Second Songhua River

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Shu Guang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Genotoxic Activity ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Scge Assay ◽  
The Second Songhua River ◽  
The Songhua River

The second Songhua River has severe organic contamination due to domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. It is important to determine its genotoxic activity, which is a potential hazard for human health. The micronucleus assay and lymphocytes SCGE assay were employed to examine the genotoxic activity of organic extracts of water samples taken from upstream, midstream and downstream in Jilin City section of the second Songhua River in dry season and in wet season, respectively. Micronucleus assay results showed that there were significant increases in water samples at doses of 25L/kg and 50L/kg. The genotoxicity seemed to be less when compared with the results from dry season to wet season and to be strong from upstream to downstream. A similar result was also obtained in DNA damage on lymphocytes by SCGE assay. These results indicate that the organic extracts of water samples taken from the Songhua River show genotoxic activity. The risks of potential harm for human health in the Songhua River should be studied further.

scholarly journals Assessment of waterborne protozoan passage through conventional drinking water treatment process in Venezuela

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Q. Betancourt ◽  
Kristina D. Mena
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Monitoring Strategies

Three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) differing in source water and treatment capacity were investigated for the potential passage of waterborne protozoan (oo)cysts through conventional processing. DWTP I (15,000 L/s), DWTP II (7,500 L/s) and DWTP III (4,300 L/s) provide drinking water for approximately 2.7 million inhabitants of the Metropolitan District of Caracas (Venezuela). The US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623 for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was used to analyze raw water and finished drinking water samples collected from the three plants. (Oo)cyst recovery efficiencies varied between 23 and 84%. The concentration of confirmed (oo)cysts detected in raw water samples ranged between 1 and 100 per 100 L. (Oo)cyst levels in finished water samples ranged from 2 to 25 per 100 L. These data indicated that the conventional treatment process to produce finished water at two filtration plants was not effective in preventing the passage of protozoan (oo)cysts. Monitoring strategies that include multiple microbial indicators and waterborne pathogens are strongly recommended for accurate source water characterization and for verification of the effectiveness of treatment process barriers to microbial breakthrough in the finished water.

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