Effect of EGCG Application on Collagen Degradation in Dentine Caries

2013 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Qin Chen ◽  
Bin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Collagen Degradation ◽  
Experimental Media ◽  
Dentin Matrix

Caries progress might be controlled when collagen matrix could be preserved after demineralization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGCG, a major polyphenol of green tea, on changes in loss of dry weight or solubilization of collagen from demineralized dentin sections. Dentin sections (1mm×5mm×5mm) were completely exposed to the acetic acid solution to form dentine caries. After baseline measurements of dry mass, the samples were divided into 2 groups and incubated at 37°C in either media containing EGCG or artificial saliva only for 24h, 3 days, 1 week, 2 week and 3 weeks. Following hydrolyzed with HCl, hydroxyproline (HOP) as an index of solubilization of collagen was analysed quantitatively. Both the storage medium and the storage time showed significant effects on mass loss and HOP release (p < 0.05). The incubation in EGCG resulted in relatively rapid and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the amounts of mass loss. The HOP content of the experimental media also increased with incubation time but was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the control artificial saliva medium. It can be concluded that EGCG can inhibit collagen degradation and affects the further demineralization in dentin matrix, which consequently inhibits the advanced dentine caries.

NaF Inhibits Matrix-Bound Cathepsin-Mediated Dentin Matrix Degradation

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Altinci ◽  
Murat Mutluay ◽  
Roda Seseogullari-Dirihan ◽  
David Pashley ◽  
Leo Tjäderhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Gelatin Zymography ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Cysteine Cathepsins ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Dentin Matrix ◽  
Time Point

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins (CCs) degrade the collagen fibrils of demineralized dentin. Sodium fluoride (NaF) has previously been shown to inhibit recombinant MMP-2 and MMP-9. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NaF on the inhibition of dentin-bound MMPs and CCs. Dentin beams were completely demineralized in 10% phosphoric acid. The baseline total MMP activity and dry masses were measured. Beams were assigned to test groups based on similar MMP activity and dry mass (n = 10/group), and incubated in artificial saliva (control) or artificial saliva with NaF containing 6-238 mM fluoride for 1, 7 and 21 days. The dry mass loss and MMP activities were reassessed at each time point. The proteolytic activity was screened by gelatin zymography. ICTP and CTX released to the incubation medium were analyzed as indices of MMP and cathepsin K activity, respectively. The beams were examined under scanning electron microscopy. All NaF doses reduced the dry mass loss after 21 days (p < 0.05). NaF inhibition of the total MMP activity ranged between 5 and 80%. In gelatin zymography, the bands of MMP-2 and MMP-9 became less prominent with increasing NaF levels. NaF did not decrease the released ICTP (p > 0.05). Less CTX release was detected with F ≥179 mM (p < 0.05). CaF2-like minerals were observed on the beams. High levels of NaF may slow the degradation of the dentin matrix due to the inhibition of cathepsin K. Fluoride does not seem effective in the direct inhibition of proteolysis by dentin matrix-bound MMPs.

scholarly journals Impact of different sterilization techniques and mass loss measurements on the durability of wood against wood-destroying fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Nicklas von Boch-Galhau ◽  
Susanne Bollmus
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Biological Durability

AbstractThe biological durability of wood is frequently determined in laboratory tests with monocultures of different decay fungi under ideal conditions for fungal growth. To avoid contamination with mould and inhibition of fungal growth, wood specimens need to be sterilized using different methods. To determine the mass loss of wood blocks during incubation, the initial total dry mass is needed but should be determined without oven-drying to avoid the loss of volatile compounds of the tested wood. In this study the effect of different sterilization techniques in combination with different methods of determining the oven-dry weight on mass loss (MLF) in agar plate wood block tests was investigated. No significant MLF differences were observed between sterilization through gamma radiation, steam, autoclaving, ethanol dipping and oven-drying. Solely, non-sterilized specimens showed reduced MLF, since the test fungus was inhibited by mould growth. Oven-drying of wood species that contain volatile and resistance-affecting compounds such as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) led to reduced biological durability and should either be avoided or adapted to kiln-drying temperatures usually applied in practice.

STEM measurement of subcellular water distributions

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
S.Q. Sun ◽  
S-L. Shi ◽  
R.A. Buchanan ◽  
S.B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Annular Dark Field

Recent advances in rapid-freezing and cryosectioning techniques coupled with use of the quantitative signals available in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can provide us with new methods for determining the water distributions of subcellular compartments. The water content is an important physiological quantity that reflects how fluid and electrolytes are regulated in the cell; it is also required to convert dry weight concentrations of ions obtained from x-ray microanalysis into the more relevant molar ionic concentrations. Here we compare the information about water concentrations from both elastic (annular dark-field) and inelastic (electron energy loss) scattering measurements.In order to utilize the elastic signal it is first necessary to increase contrast by removing the water from the cryosection. After dehydration the tissue can be digitally imaged under low-dose conditions, in the same way that STEM mass mapping of macromolecules is performed. The resulting pixel intensities are then converted into dry mass fractions by using an internal standard, e.g., the mean intensity of the whole image may be taken as representative of the bulk water content of the tissue.

scholarly journals Evaluation of color stability of different temporary restorative materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro ◽  
Luiz Miguel Minani ◽  
Adriana Cristina Zavanelli ◽  
Caroline Cantieri de Mello ◽  
Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level Of Significance

AbstractIntroductionTemporary restorative materials are widely used, however, little is know about their color stability.Objectiveto evaluate the color stability of the following temporary restorative materials: acrylic and bis-acrylic resins after immersion in pigmenting solutions for different periods of storage.Material and methodFour materials were tested (Dêncor/Clássico, Protemp 4/3M ESPE; Structur 2 SC/Voco; Luxatemp AM Plus/DMG) and 30 test specimens (15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) per material were fabricated. They were divided according to the storage medium (artificial saliva, saliva + cola type soda, and saliva + coffee) and storage time intervals (2, 5, 7 and 15 days). Color measurements were made before and after immersions, with use of a spectrophotometer, by means of the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and the Tukey Test, at a level of significance of 5%.ResultAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). When bis-acrylic resins were compared no significant difference was observed between the resins Structur and Luxatemp (p=0.767). As regards solutions tested, coffee showed the highest color change values (p<0.001), and the longer the storage time interval, the greater was the color change in all the temporary restorative materials analyzed (p<0.001).ConclusionAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). Coffee caused the greatest color change, and immersion time was determinant in color stability of the temporary materials analyzed.

scholarly journals AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS VINICIUS SANDOVAL PAIXÃO ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS LOPES ◽  
EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽  
RODRIGO SOBREIRA ALEXANDRE ◽  
CAROLINE MERLO MENEGHELLI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Multiple Stems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of pink pepper seeds (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.) as a function of storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Thaísa De Oliveira Silveira ◽  
Madelon Rodrigues Braz ◽  
Gilmara Pires de Moura Palermo ◽  
Tiago Böer Breier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
And Storage

Seeds of native forest species for food and seedling production have a growing demand that impacts the need for studies involving seed storage in order to maintain good levels of germination quality. Thus, scientific analyzes that explore the physiological potential of the seeds of these species are necessary, especially for the pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.), a species used as an alternative source of income for traditional communities and which has been arousing interest due to the consumption of its fruits as a condiment in the national and international market. This work aimed to assess the physiological quality of pink pepper seeds according to the storage period and seed size. The seeds came from a rural settlement, a pioneer in the extraction of pink pepper, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The seeds were evaluated for moisture content, germination, first count, length and dry weight of the germinated seedlings, during the period of time that they remained stored and the size of the seeds. The results allowed to conclude that: i) the germinative percentage of the stored pink pepper seeds decreased over the months; ii) the moisture content of the seeds decreased over the months evaluated iii) the different sizes of seeds did not show differences in germination and storage time and iv) values of length and dry weight of the seedlings did not differ according to the period of storage.

Seed production in Cardiocrium cordatum: effects of nitrogen and dry mass availability of a plant

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-812
Author(s):  
Satoki Sakai ◽  
Akiko Sakai ◽  
Kohta Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Seeds

To clarify how seed production depends on the relative N and dry mass availability, we examined the number and size of seeds, and the loss of dry mass in Cardiocrium cordatum (Thunb.) Makaino plants that differed naturally in overall size and stem N content. After adjusting for plant size (basal stem diameter was used as a criterion of plant size), the amount of dry mass lost because of respiration in a plant decreased with an increase in the stem N content of the plant, whereas the total dry mass of seeds of a plant increased with an increase in the stem N content. Plants with a high stem N content relative to dry mass status used dry mass resources more efficiently in seed production by reducing the loss of dry mass. Plants with a higher stem N content produced a greater number of seeds, and the amount of dry mass lost decreased with an increase in the number of seeds of the plant, possibly because the resources allocated to seed production are consumed rapidly, if numerous seeds simultaneously absorb those resources. However, the stem N content of a plant had no influence on the mean seed dry mass, seed N content, and the seed N concentration, and the latter three parameters did not affect respiration loss of dry mass. We concluded that plants undergoing seed production reduce dry mass loss if their relative N to dry mass availability is high, through an increase in the numbers of seeds they produce.

Regulation of growth and differential tissue dry mass accumulation by Citrus grandis, Poncirus trifoliata and their F1 under salinized and non-salinized environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhami Tozlu ◽  
Gloria A. Moore ◽  
Charles L. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Salt stress responses of C. grandis L. (Osb.), P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. and their F 1 were investi-gated. Growth, growth rates, as well as leaf, stem, structural root (> 2 mm diameter), fine root (≤ 2mm diameter) and whole plant dry masses were determined for the three genotypes tested in 0, 40 and 80 mМ NaCl environments for 20 weeks. P. trifoliata and C. grandis were phenotypically distinct and their F1 had features that were a combination of both parents. The different growth habits resulted in significant differences between the net growth and growth ratios ([net growth / initial growth] × 100) of the three genotypes and between control and salinized plants within each genotype. The average growth and dry weights of nearly all tissues were reduced in salinized plants compared to those of control plants. The exceptions were the fine roots of P. trifoliata at both salinities and of the F1 plants at 40 mМ NaCl. The 40 mМ NaCl treatment stimulated fine root production in P. trifoliata plants, significantly increasing dry weight by 30% compared to control plants. Average shoot dry weight reduction was greatest in C. grandis and least in P. trifoliata in the 40 mМ NaCl treatment. While leaf tissues of P. trifoliata were the most sensitive to salinity, root tissues were the most sensitive in C. grandis. To avoid salt accumulation, P trifoliata plants increased root dry mass production while C. grandis plants increased leaf mass production. These traits appeared to be heritable, since the F1 plants displayed responses intermediate to its parents leading to increased salinity tolerance. We suggest that not only ion content of leaf tissues, but ion content and mass production of all tissues should be considered when the salinity tolerance of Citrus and related genera is characterized.

scholarly journals Transverse Micro Radiography Analysis of the Effect of Experimental Calcium-Containing Primer System on Demineralized Enamel

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Yusuke Koshimitsu ◽  
Go Inoue ◽  
Mahmoud Sayed ◽  
Amr Saad ◽  
Masaomi Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Additional Mineral ◽  
Mineral Loss

Background: Enamel mineral density is dependent on a balanced dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization. Objective: We evaluated the remineralization potential of experimental calcium- containing primer (CaP) application on enamel subsurface lesions. Methods: Demineralized enamel samples obtained from bovine incisor teeth were prepared and cut buccolingually. All samples were divided into 4 main groups according to the type of primer: CLEARFIL SE BOND 2 Primer (SEP), experimental calcium-containing primer (CaP) and bond: CLEARFIL SE BOND 2 Bond (SEB), CLEARFIL Protect Bond (PBB) treatment: (1) SEP-SEB (2) SEP-PBB (3) CaP-SEB (4) CaP-PBB. Each group was subdivided according to storage time in artificial saliva: immediately, 1 month and 6 months. Then, the samples were analyzed using transverse micro radiography (TMR). Additionally, the samples treated with each primer were prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) observation. Two-way ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis of mineral loss (ΔZ: vol%·µm). Results: CaP-PBB had the significantly lowest ΔZ at all storage times, while SEP-SEB had the highest ΔZ (p < 0.05). SEM observations revealed that new crystals were formed on the surface after 6 months, and the ratio of calcium on the enamel increased in the EDS analysis. Conclusion: Experimental calcium-containing primer can provide additional mineral deposition, with even further deposition when combined with a fluoride-containing bond.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Physocalymma scaberrimum EM SUBSTRATOS COMPOSTOS POR DIFERENTES PORCENTAGENS DE RESÍDUO ORGÂNICO DE AÇAÍ

FLORESTA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álisson Sobrinho Maranho ◽  
Ary Vieira de Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
The North ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Physocalymma scaberrimum Pohl é uma espécie nativa que ocorre principalmente no Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, com potencial madeireiro, para arborização urbana e para recomposição de vegetação em áreas degradadas. Considerando a necessidade de conhecimento do seu comportamento em viveiro e da utilização de resíduos agroflorestais como componente de substrato, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas dessa espécie em substratos compostos por porcentagens de resíduo de açaí (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) misturado à terra de mata. O experimento ocorreu em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos (substratos) e 20 repetições. Foi avaliado o crescimento das mudas através da altura, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e total, e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Houve ajuste de regressão linear e correlação positiva entre altura, diâmetro do colo e massa seca total com as porcentagens de resíduo de açaí. O substrato constituído por 100% do resíduo de açaí proporcionou o maior crescimento das mudas: 32,9 cm de altura, 2,98 mm de diâmetro do colo, 2,003 g de massa seca total e maior IQD (0,1142). Para a utilização com terra de mata, a composição entre 25% e 75% de resíduo também se mostrou possível.Palavras-chave: Resíduos agroflorestais; produção de mudas; espécies florestais nativas; silvicultura. AbstractPhysocalymma scaberrimum seedlings production in substrate composed by different percentages of organic residue of açaí. Physocalymma scaberrimum Pohl is a native species that occurs mainly in the North and Midwest regions of Brazil, with potential for wood production, urban forestry and restoration of vegetation in degraded areas. Considering the need for better understanding of the seedlings behavior in the nursery, and use of agroforestry residue as components of substrate, this study aimed to evaluate the growth of this species in substrates composed by different percentages of açaí residue (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) mixed with forest soil. The experiment was set up according to the completely randomized design, with 5 treatments (substrates) and 20 replicates. It was evaluated the growth of seedlings through shoot height, collar diameter, dry weights of shoot and roots and total, and Dickson Quality Index (IQD). A fit linear regression and positive correlation was found out between height, collar diameter and dry weight total dry mass with increasing percentages of açaí residue. The substrate composed by 100% of açaí residue provided the highest mean growth of seedlings: height (32.9 cm seedling-1), collar diameter (2.98 mm seedling-1), total dry mass (2.003 g seedling-1), and highest IQD (0.1142). To use with soil, the composition between 25% and 75% of residue also showed possibility.Keywords:agroforestry residues; seedlings production; native forest species; silviculture.

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