Gibberellic Acids Promotes Growth and Exopolysaccharides Production in Tetraselmis Suecica Under Reciprocal Nitrogen Concentration: An Assessment on Antioxidant Properties and Nutrients Removal Efficacy of Immobilized Iron-magnetic Nanoparticles

The present study was aimed to assess the effect of gibberellic acids to enhance the growth, biomass, pigment, and exopolysaccharides production in Tetraselmis suecica under reciprocal nitrogen concentrations. For this study, the seven types of experimental media (N-P, NL-P/2GA3, N0-P/2GA3, NL-P/4GA3, N0-P/4GA3, NL-P/6GA3, N0-P/6GA3) were prepared include the addition of gibberellic acids under various nitrogen concentrations. The experiment was lasted for 15 days and the cell density, biomass, chlorophyll ‘a’, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) concentration of T. suecica were estimated for every three days. Then the EPS was subjected to the analyses of chemical (carbohydrate, protein, sulfate, and uronic acid), and antioxidant activity. In addition nutrient removal efficiency was evaluated by using different concentration of EPS. The highest DPPH (86.7±0.95 %) and hydroxyl radical activity (85.7±2.48 %) were observed in 2.5 and 1.2 mg/mL of EPS concentration. The immobilized magnetic Fe3O4-EPS nanoparticles (5.0 and 10.0 g/L) have efficiently removed the excessive phosphate (89.5±1.65 %) and nitrate (73.5±1.72 %) from the Litopenaeus vannamei cultured wastewater. Thus, applying gibberellic acids combined with limited nitrogen concentration could produce higher EPS that could exhibit excellent antioxidant activity, and nutrient removal efficacy in the form of Fe3O4-EPS magnetic nanoparticles.

Evaluation of the Energy Budget of the Fish Cyprinus Carpio in Acid Waters

The present study was focused on the influence of acid waters on the energy budget of the fish Cyprinus carpio. The experimental fish were tested in the experimental media (pH 5.0, 5.8, 6.6, and control 7.2) for 21 days for the bioenergetics evaluation. The fishes were fed by the fresh beef liver. The pH was upheld vigilantly throughout the investigation, after the experimental period, the results revealed the declined rates of food consumption (69.75 J/g/day), absorption (96.28 (J/g/day), conversion ( -30.76 Rate of energy conversion (J/g/day), and the hyper-metabolic rate (5.09 Energy metabolized KJ/animal) was observed in the fishes exposed to low pH 5.0, 5.8, and 6.6 respectively.

“Hay Muchísimo Poder en la Oscuridad” : Black Cuir Cinema Clubs in Contemporary Havana

Cineclub Cuir and Cine Alternativo are itinerant cinematic events aimed at showing cuir, feminist, avant-garde, Afro-diasporic, and experimental media content in Havana. El paquete semanal is a widespread digital information product that Cubans use to access global media. I argue that Cineclub Cuir and Cine Alternativo’s curatorial frameworks produce exploratory spaces of moving theory that rupture the revolutionary state’s nationalist discourse of colorblindness and racial democracy and the normative and white-washed depictions of queerness that circulate in el paquete. The cinema clubs, which elude state-sponsorship and are free of charge, create collective discursive spaces where participants interrogate the figure of the cuir racializado in sites that are not fully regulated by the state or Cuba’s commodified media markets. The emergence of such spaces in the past three years marks a break with the Cuban state’s post-revolutionary monopoly on cultural spaces but also a resistance to newer, more capitalist forms of media circulation such as el paquete. By projecting moving images of Black queer intimacy in alleyways, rooftops, and a multitude of other public and private spaces throughout Havana, Cineclub Cuir and Cine Alternativo comprise a media infrastructure that is ephemeral, difficult to police, and that contravenes the colonial racial and spatial logics that organize the city.

Effects of Saccharides Supplementation in the Extender of Cryopreserved Rooster (Gallus domesticus) Semen on the Fertility of Frozen/Thawed Spermatozoa

The aim of this study was to create balanced media for the cryopreservation of rooster semen in pellets to maintain the functional state of the sperm after thawing. Fructose was replaced by trehalose in experimental media in proportions of 10% (LCM-T10) and 20% (LCM-T20), while LCM was used as a control. After artificial insemination of the hens, the eggs were incubated (n = 400). To determine the functional safety of spermatozoa in the genital tract of hens after 5, 10, and 15 days from the last insemination, we used a method for assessing the interaction of sperm with the perivitelline membrane. Significantly higher rates of egg fertilization (82–86%) were obtained when using LCM-T10 and LCM-T20 compared to control (79%, p < 0.05). Egg fertility on the 5th day from the last insemination with the LCM-T20 diluent reached 100% versus 86% in the control; on the 10th day, the fertility rates were 55% versus 20%, respectively. The best results for fertility duration were obtained by freezing spermatozoa with LCM-T20 medium. The numbers of interaction points of spermatozoa with the perivitelline membrane were as follows: on the 5th day from the last insemination with LCM-T20—461.5 ± 11.5 holes/cm2 (LCM-control—13.7 ± 2.7 holes/cm2), p < 0.01; on the 10th day with LCM-T20—319.3 ± 12.9 holes/cm2 (LCM-control—14.9 ± 3.5 holes/cm2); and on the 15th day with LCM-T20—345.2 ± 11.1 holes/cm2 (LCM-control—0 holes/cm2). In conclusion, the use of trehalose in LCM diluent medium can increase the fertility of frozen/thawed sperm and the duration of their fertility in the genital tract of hens.

67 The growth and development of invivo-derived dromedary embryos during short-term incubation: Use of embryo holding medium and the effect of embryonic morphology

Production of invivo embryos for transfer in dromedary camel is a well-established practice, whereas freezing of these embryos is still an ongoing challenge. A common approach in evaluation of freeze–thawing method is achieved by studying invitro development of frozen–thawed embryos. However, not much is known about the development pattern of fresh dromedary embryos during incubation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of commercial holding media for easy short-term culture of these embryos and to provide preliminary insights on the growth and development of hatched blastocysts with different shapes. Recovered hatched blastocysts from superovulated donors were graded as transferable and non-transferable. Embryos with significant folding or crinkliness were further categorized as collapsed, whereas those with a round or oval appearance were categorized as spherical. Culture was performed in 500-μL drops at 38.5°C, 5% O2, 0–6% CO2, and maximum humidity in groups of 2 to 4. The 4 experimental media included culture medium (CM; TCM-199, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 0.3mM sodium pyruvate, 2.2mg mL−1 sodium bicarbonate), serum-supplemented holding medium (SSH; Syngro+10% FCS), serum-free holding medium (Syngro) and V-Onestep (Vitromed). In experiment 1, a total of 36 embryos were assigned to 4 groups and further development of the embryos was monitored up to 96h by morphological evaluations, identifying static and degenerating embryos on daily basis. In experiment 2, a total of 16 spherical and 16 collapsed embryos were cultured in SSH and CM and two-thirds of the culture drop was replaced with fresh medium at 72h. The proportion of developing embryos and their size expansion was compared between treatments by Fisher’s test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively. Statistically similar proportions of embryos continued to develop in all media within the first 48h despite a numeric advantage in CM group; at 72h, the proportion of growing embryos was significantly higher in CM (77.8%) and SSH (66.6%) compared with SFH (11.1%) and OneStep (22.2%) (P&lt;0.05). None of the embryos in SFH and only 1 embryo in the V-Onestep group survived beyond 72h, whereas 3/9 embryos in SSH and 7/9 embryos in CM continued to expand. In experiment 2, the proportion of spherical embryos that developed was higher compared with their collapsed counterparts (8/8 in both groups vs. 5/8 and 4/8 in CM and SSH, respectively) at 24h. However, remaining collapsed embryos grew and expanded at similar rates to spherical ones in each group (P&gt;0.05). Replacing the medium did not favour continuation of embryonic growth in SSH beyond 72 h; only 5/16 embryos survived to 96h compared with 12/16 in CM. In conclusion, serum-supplemented commercial holding preparations provide comparable results to culture medium for short-term incubation of invivo dromedary embryos. Natural collapsing of hatched blastocysts might be associated with lower developmental competence.

Study of the osmotic regulation processing in the juvenile Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Borodin, 1897 in transfer directly to the Caspian seawater

The aim of this study was to transfer directly juvenile Acipenser persicus from freshwater to the Caspian Seawater (CSW). The fish in different age and size (weight (W) & length (L)) groups (I: 35days, W: 2.75±0.15g & L: 7.93±0.47cm; II: 50days, W: 3.15±0.12g & L: 8.31±0.28cm; III: 65days, W: 4.33±0.12g & L: 9.39±0.29cm; n=90 for each group) and in two different saline water (FW: <0.5‰ and CSW: 12.5‰) were investigated. The fish were transferred directly from FW to CSW. After 168 hours, blood samples were taken from the fish. The results showed that the survival in all groups in CSW was from 56% up to 76% and increased with increasing age and weight of fish. Some hematological parameters and levels of cortisol, osmolarity and ion concentration (Na+, K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2) in the plasma were determined. The functional levels of the mechanism of osmotic and ionic homeostasis were similar in all groups (P>0.05) but differed in experimental media (P<0.05). Significant differences were observed between the levels of plasma ion concentrations in different media (P<0.05). Plasma Na+, K+ and Ca+2 concentrations were higher than those of FW media, but lower than in Brackish water media (P<0.05). Plasma Mg+2 concentrations were lower than those of FW and Brackish water media (P<0.05). The Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH and plasma osmolarity decreased and MCHC and plasma cortisol levels increased with increasing salinity (P<0.05). But the number of WBC and RBC did not change (P<0.05) and reached a stable state. Therefore, it is possible to release juvenile sturgeon directly from FW to CSW with increasing weight and age.

The Effect of Different Commercial Probiotics on the Diversity and Density of Sea Water Plankton in the Experiment Tub

The presence of plankton in pond ecosystems fluctuates. Phytoplankton needs nutrients to support their growth. The higher the nutrient content in the waters, the greater the abundance of phytoplankton. The increased abundance of phytoplankton will stimulate the growth of zooplankton. One of the causes of changes in ecosystems in waters is caused by water waste that comes from the rest of the feed and feces and in the form of ammonia or nitrite and nitrate. Water quality is a critical factor in the cultivation process. As a preventative measure, the decrease in water quality in waters is by giving probiotic bacteria. This study aims to obtain information about the effect of giving different commercial probiotics to the diversity and density of seawater plankton in the experimental bath. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) as an experimental design. The treatments used are different types of commercial probiotics, with as many as six replications. The main parameters observed were the diversity and density of seawater plankton in the experimental media. Supporting parameters observed were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, ammonia, and C / N and N / P ratio of water. Commercial probiotics are given every 7 days at a dose of 2 mg / l. The results showed that the treatment of different commercial probiotics resulted in differences in diversity, density and plankton dominance. The highest diversity index value (H ') obtained in probiotics A was 6.85 (moderate diversity), and dominance (C) was 0.96, meaning that there was dominant plankton, Chlorella sp. and Oscillatoria sp. whereas the highest plankton density was obtained in probiotics B at week 1 of 5.98x106 ind / ml.

Sperm velocity in a promiscuous bird across experimental media of different viscosities

In species with internal fertilization, the female genital tract appears challenging to sperm, possibly resulting from selection on for example ovarian fluid to control sperm behaviour and, ultimately, fertilization. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of swimming media viscosities on sperm performance. We quantified effects of media viscosities on sperm velocity in promiscuous willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus . We used both a reaction norm and a character-state approach to model phenotypic plasticity of sperm behaviour across three experimental media of different viscosities. Compared with a standard medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, DMEM), media enriched with 1% or 2% w/v methyl cellulose decreased sperm velocity by up to about 50%. Spermatozoa from experimental ejaculates of different males responded similarly to different viscosities, and a lack of covariance between elevations and slopes of individual velocity-by-viscosity reaction norms indicated that spermatozoa from high- and low-velocity ejaculates were slowed down by a similar degree when confronted with high-viscosity environments. Positive cross-environment (1% versus 2% cellulose) covariances of sperm velocity under the character-state approach suggested that sperm performance represents a transitive trait, with rank order of individual ejaculates maintained when expressed against different environmental backgrounds. Importantly, however, a lack of significant covariances in sperm velocity involving a cellulose concentration of 0% indicated that pure DMEM represented a qualitatively different environment, questioning the validity of this widely used standard medium for assaying sperm performance. Enriching sperm environments along ecologically relevant gradients prior to assessing sperm performance will strengthen explanatory power of in vitro studies of sperm behaviour.

Toxicity of Crude Fruit Endocarp Extract of Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria) on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles

Background: Illicit disposal of scraped out endocarp of bottle gourds as part of processing activity for domestic use into the aquatic environment pose a big threat to the aquatic ecosystem. This study investigated the toxicity effects of crude fruit endocarp extracts of L. siceraria on C. gariepinus juveniles. Methodology: 120 mixed sex of C. gariepinus juveniles of mean weight and length (19.59 ±0.42 g; 14.6 ±0.80 cm) respectively were investigated. The fish were divided into 6 groups of 10 fish in each aquarium containing 5, 20, 35, 50 and 65 mg/L concentration of aqueous extract of L. siceraria and 0.00 mg/L (control) respectively with replicates for Four (4) days for acute toxicity analysis. The animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical and isolation of the gills and liver for histopathological studies. Results: Experimental media pH, free carbon (iv) oxide, total alkalinity contents increased while dissolved oxygen decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in concentration in the acute bioassay. Temperature did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in all the groups thus, did not affect fish survival. Furthermore, AST, ALT and LDH profiles in blood serum of fish exposed to acute concentrations exhibited a significant increase (P<0.05) with increase in concentration. The exposed gills revealed progressive striking histological alterations viz. thickening and shortening of secondary lamellae, degeneration of connective tissue and complete loss of secondary lamella while the liver showed progressive histo-architectural distortions such as hepatic hypertrophy, cellular degeneration (necrosis), haemorrhage and intracellular infiltration with increase in concentration of the L. siceraria extract. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of L. siceraria had adverse effect on juveniles of C. gariepinus, as evident in the negative modification of the body physiology via biochemical and histological investigations, thus toxic to the aquatic life. Further investigations on other vital organs - kidney, heart, GIT and the reproductive organs are recommended.

INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA COMPETENCE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AND STUDENTS

The ubiquity of information and communication technologies, the existence of a "digital culture" actualizes the need for the development of media competence of an individual. The objectives of our study were to evaluate and compare the levels of media competence of schoolchildren and students on the motivational component, which includes the motives of contact with media and media texts, the contact component as a frequency of communication with the media, information, creative, perceptual, evaluative and practical components. When conducting an empirical study, we used modified blocks of questions of A.V. Fedorov's methodology to identify the level of development of media competence and developed a number of creative tasks to measure the level of media competence on a number of its indicators. In the course of the study, the assessment and comparison of the levels of development of media competence of schoolchildren and junior students on the above indicators was carried out. Based on the results of comparison of media competence indicators, analysis of the characteristics of media consumption, respondents’ writings and essays, the reasons for choosing media resources, we have identified a completely insufficient development of critical thinking of students and schoolchildren. The obtained data served as the basis for the development of an experimental media pedagogical program for the development of students' media competence in extracurricular activities, their reflexive abilities and critical perception. Based on the results of an empirical study, we have developed a number of practical recommendations for teachers of general education schools and those working in the system of additional education and interested in the development of media competence of students.