Study of Quenching Organization Property under Wind Cooling Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 682-686
Author(s):  
Fu Quan Tu ◽  
Yang Mao ◽  
Ren Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Cooling Condition ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Quenching Time ◽  
Heavy Rail

In this paper, the steel of U71Mn specifications for 60kg/m heavy rail is seen as a research object. Experimental method is employed to study the heavy rail hardened layer, including surface hardness, micro-structure and cross-sectional hardness under different cooling time during quenching. Experimental results showed that obtained heavy rail after wind cooling quenching finally met the Tb/T2344-2003 43-75 kg/m standard. Best quenching treatment condition is found and the defect is reduced to large extent when quenching time is 40 seconds, cooling time is 40 to 45 seconds, superior to the traditional spray cooling condition. These results provide an important reference for the quenching process of heavy rail.

scholarly journals Improving the surface hardness number of subsoil plow chisel using water-jet preening

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
S. Sujita
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hardness Number ◽  
Slip Bands

This study discusses the effects of pressure in waterjet peening (WJP)  of subsoil plow chise. It was made from austenitic stainless steel 301 JIS standard S30100. Analysis of surface integrity and change of surface hardness number is used to evaluate the performance of various parameters in the WJP process. The article summarizes information about austenitic stainless steel physically-mechanical of subsoil plow chisel that is most useful for soil tillage. The subsoil chisel was given surface treatment WJP process with a variation of pressure and time. The physical properties of subsoil plow chisel from various pressure and time of  WJP are analyzed. The findings of this study indicated that surface treatment with waterjet peening could  increase the surface hardness number and the hardening  layer fromaustenitic  stainless steel 301 (material of subsoil plow chisel).Treats the surface with WJP pressure 250 MPa  and time 3 hours  results in a higher increase in surface hardness number  up to 41% and 151% greater than the raw material respectively. Also, a deeper hardening layer to depth 250 and 500 μm each produced. Next, the cross-sectional micro structure shows the density is higher than the slip band in the defective grain of specimens that have undergone the WJP process at the time and higher pressure. However, the number of slip bands in grain defects decreases with     the pressure drop.

Heavy Rail Spray Quenching Wind Heat Stress and Residual Stress Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2590-2593
Author(s):  
Chun Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Heat Preservation ◽  
Forced Cooling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quenching Time ◽  
Heavy Rail ◽  
Good Agreement

Calculating the stress field distribution of the different working conditions which are the heating, heat preservation, forced cooling and so on, analyzing the impact of the quenching time on stress field, the result of calculation is more close to 3 d work piece quenching process. The result of the experiment and calculation results are analyzed and compared. Simulation results are in good agreement with the test result, spray quenching wind produces the smaller residual thermal stress and avoid the deformation and cracking of heavy rail. Provide the basis for setting reasonable heavy rail quenching process for the actual production.

Upgrading the Ti/TiN Film Depositions on KP-1 Steel by Using the Anode Ring Bias Voltage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1145 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Un Hak Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Substrate Bias Voltage ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Tin Film ◽  
Base Steel

By newly adopting of a two-step bias voltage-sustained nitrification of the plasma process the titanium nitride films which applied to the mold base steel KP-1 are manufactured. The two-step process of biased voltages was introduced in order to consider microscopic kinematics of Ti ion bombardments which lead to a deep study on the plasmas including surface temperature of substrates associated with nitrification the KP-1 surface. For supplying of the additional biased voltage to the conventional coater, an anode-biased ring was installed near the plasma source and it ultimately upgraded the typical method of physical vapor depositions which uniquely adopted one bias voltage applied to the substrates because the additional ring controlled both ions and electrons effectively in order to improve surface smoothness and to increase surface hardness with various values of surface temperatures of substrate and deposition times. The discharge ionic current of titanium flux was measured as functions of both the ring bias voltage and the substrate voltage using single probe. By using plasma physics for the two-step bias voltages the discrete mean-free-times, due to cyclonic motions of ions by magnetic field, were studied to show the effects of two bias voltages. The maximal hardness increase of Ti/TiN films deposited on KP-1 was 370% when the surface temperature was 370 °C, the substrate bias voltage of 800volts, and the deposition time was 55 minutes after ring bias was applied. The 2000 times-magnified cross-sectional morphologies of TiN films deposited on the carbon mold base KP-1 were taken as a function of the ring anode bias. The 1000 times-magnified photograph of the TiN-filmed surface deposited on KP-1 mold base was taken to investigate the surface morphology. In order to examine the two-step bias test with respect to both the corrosion problem and the surface hardness, the 2000 times-magnified morphological photograph of a cross-sectional Ti/TiN film which was deposited on the KP-1steel mold was taken.

Elasto-Plastic Contact Stress Analysis of Hardened Elements under Repeated Contact Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Chang Hung Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Contact Loading ◽  
Cyclic Plastic ◽  
Elastic Plastic

An elastic-plastic contact stress analysis is presented to study cyclic plastic deformation of surface hardened rolling elements under repeated contacts. The rolling contact is simulated by a Hertz contact loading moving across an elastic-plastic half-space. An exponential model with hardness varying with depth is employed for the surface hardened components, and the Chaboche nonlinear hardening rule is used to model cyclic plastic behavior of contact elements. Numerical results show that the hardened layer can effectively reduce the plastic deformation near contact surface. The contact elements with sufficient surface hardness may reach elastic shakedown state under repeatedly rolling contact. As the hardened layer reaches a certain depth, e.g. two times of half contact length, however, the effects of case depth on plastic strain and residual stress become negligible after hundred contact cycles.

Effects of Deposit Time on Combustion Flame Deposition of Carbon Coatings on the Surface of Cemented Carbide

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 384-390
Author(s):  
De Weng Tang ◽  
Tong Chun Kuang ◽  
Rui Lan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Result Show

At present, most of the researches on carbide surface modification are focused on the method of chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition in order to enhance its wear resistance and surface hardness. In this paper, C2H2 and O2 of flame are used to deposit carbon coatings on YG 16 cemented carbide surface. The influence of deposition time have been investigated with the method of XRD, SEM. Carbon coatings structure, quality and Cross sectional microstructures of carbon coating was analyzed.The experimental result show that after different deposition time, the typical spherical diamond\nanometer carbon tube and diamond-graphite-no crystal carbon coatings have been formed on the surface of cemented carbide.

The Transient Temperature Field Simulation and Analysis of Machinery’s Components by ABAQUS

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 2420-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xiang Sun ◽  
Wei Jiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Field Distribution ◽  
Field Simulation ◽  
Transient Temperature Field ◽  
Thermal Stress Field ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Quenching Time ◽  
Abaqus Software

By using the Abaqus software, FEM calculation of the quenching process of non-standard component which has complex contour has been operated, the temperature field distribution which accompanies the quenching time has been obtained. The simulation process’s precision and efficiency is excellent, this method is applicable to the quenching technics’s improvement, and can offer the calculation basis to the analysis of the thermal stress field and residual stress. It can also provide the improving scheme for the intensity design of the coal winning machinery.

scholarly journals A review on the development of electro-carburisation process

2022 ◽  
Vol 1217 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
S C On ◽  
S A Bahrin ◽  
M Gakim ◽  
W Y H Liew ◽  
F M Tamiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Cyanide Bath ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Rich Liquid

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review the early development of electro-carburisation technology and the research findings related to the electro-carburisation process. In general, conventional liquid carburisation of steel using a molten cyanide bath is carried out to improve the performance of mild steel, however this process produces toxic cyanide waste. Thus, other alternatives for liquid carburisation are necessary. Electro-carburisation process using carbonate-base molten salt, under a CO2 environment was developed as one of the alternatives to liquid carburising. Metal to be treated is exposed to the carbon-rich liquid in the molten cyanide bath and electro-carburisation. However, the metal is simply immersed inside the cyanide bath during conventional liquid carburising, while connected to the cathode in the electro-carburisation. The electro-carburisation involves a diffusion of carbon atoms into the surface of the metal which enhance the surface hardness of the metal. The effects of electrolysis parameters to the surface hardness and case hardening of treated metal have been reported in several journals. This article summarises the research findings. Apart from that, the quenching process and heat treatment post quenching also plays an important role in the quality of the carburised metal, therefore also reviewed in this article.

Numerical Simulation of Heavy Rail Quenching Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongfa Li ◽  
Yuesheng Gu ◽  
Jianyi Kong ◽  
Guozhang Jiang ◽  
Jintang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Heavy Rail
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