The Realization of HARQ Based on UE in the Uplink of LTE System

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2008-2011
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Fang Tao Li ◽  
Ling Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Conformance Test ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Stability ◽  
General Method

First, the basic principle of HARQ is introduced in detail. From the UE perspective, a general method based on table look-up of uplink HARQ implementation is proposed. Then the implementation principle is described through four detailed examples procedure. This method ensures the accuracy of the data transmission in timing aspect and improve the stability of the system, and it is verified in the RF conformance test platform.

Preparation and Characterization of β-glucosidase Films for Stabilization and Handling in Dry Configurations

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 741-747
Author(s):  
Liguang Zhang ◽  
Yanan Shen ◽  
Wenjing Lu ◽  
Lengqiu Guo ◽  
Min Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Protein Stabilization ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
General Method

Background: Although the stability of proteins is of significance to maintain protein function for therapeutical applications, this remains a challenge. Herein, a general method of preserving protein stability and function was developed using gelatin films. Method: Enzymes immobilized onto films composed of gelatin and Ethylene Glycol (EG) were developed to study their ability to stabilize proteins. As a model functional protein, β-glucosidase was selected. The tensile properties, microstructure, and crystallization behavior of the gelatin films were assessed. Result: Our results indicated that film configurations can preserve the activity of β-glucosidase under rigorous conditions (75% relative humidity and 37°C for 47 days). In both control films and films containing 1.8 % β-glucosidase, tensile strength increased with increased EG content, whilst the elongation at break increased initially, then decreased over time. The presence of β-glucosidase had a negligible influence on tensile strength and elongation at break. Scanning electron-microscopy (SEM) revealed that with increasing EG content or decreasing enzyme concentrations, a denser microstructure was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the dry film is a promising candidate to maintain protein stabilization and handling. The configuration is convenient and cheap, and thus applicable to protein storage and transportation processes in the future.

scholarly journals Asymmetry underlies stability in power grids

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Molnar ◽  
Takashi Nishikawa ◽  
Adilson E. Motter
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Real World ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Symmetric State ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
General Method

AbstractBehavioral homogeneity is often critical for the functioning of network systems of interacting entities. In power grids, whose stable operation requires generator frequencies to be synchronized—and thus homogeneous—across the network, previous work suggests that the stability of synchronous states can be improved by making the generators homogeneous. Here, we show that a substantial additional improvement is possible by instead making the generators suitably heterogeneous. We develop a general method for attributing this counterintuitive effect to converse symmetry breaking, a recently established phenomenon in which the system must be asymmetric to maintain a stable symmetric state. These findings constitute the first demonstration of converse symmetry breaking in real-world systems, and our method promises to enable identification of this phenomenon in other networks whose functions rely on behavioral homogeneity.

scholarly journals Control/Network Codesign Basics for IP-Based Shared Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Díaz-Cacho Medina ◽  
Emma Delgado Romero ◽  
Antonio Barreiro Blas
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Networked Control Systems ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Transport Protocol ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Shared Networks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

Network and control relationship is an essential aspect in the design of networked control systems (NCSs). The design parameters are mainly centered in the transmission rate and in the packet structure, and some studies have been made to determine how transmission rate affects the network delay and consequently the stability of the control. In Internet, these analysis are mathematically complex due to the large number of different potential scenarios. Using empirical methods, this work deduces that the transmission scheduling problem of an NCS can be solved by designing an appropriate transport protocol, taken into account high and periodic sampling rates. The transport protocol features are determined by simulation, using a new test platform based on the NS2 network simulation suite, to develop control/network codesign solutions. Conclusions of this paper are that the transport features are packet-loss-based flow control, best effort, and fairness, supplemented by a packet priority scheme.

Stability and Vibrations of Compressed, Aeolotropic, Composite Cylindrical Shells

1982 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Greenberg ◽  
Y. Stavsky
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
Critical Buckling Load ◽  
Method Of Solution ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Winding Angle ◽  
General Method ◽  
Composite Cylindrical Shells

A general method of solution, based on a complex finite Fourier transform, is adopted for the stability and vibration analysis of compressed, aeolotropic, composite cylindrical shells. A major feature of the solution method is its ability to handle both uniform and nonuniform conditions that hold at the boundaries of finite-length cylindrical shells. For the various shells investigated, an optimum winding angle was found for which a maximum frequency response and highest critical buckling load is attainable. Similar optimization was also discovered to be possible by controlling both/either shell heterogeneity and/or fiber orientation.

Development of a Dynamic Stability Simulator for Articulated and Conventionaltractors Useful for Real-Time Safety Devices

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Mazzetto ◽  
Marco Bietresato ◽  
Renato Vidoni
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Stability Problem ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Circular Trajectory ◽  
Safety Devices ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Agricultural Tractors ◽  
The Stability

The safety of agricultural tractors drivers is a very actual topic, especially when tractors operate on side slopes, such as in terraced vineyards. This work approaches the stability problem of articulated tractors by modelling, simulating and quantifying the safety of the driver with respect to both roll and pitch overturns. First of all, an articulated tractor has been modelled and simplified, after that a stability index has been defined and calculatedin several simulated slope conditions when the tractor travels along a circular trajectory; then, the obtained results have beencompared with respect to a conventional tractor. This work is a preliminary studyfor a tilting test platform for real vehicles, capable to reproduce real field conditions (slope, obstacles, roughness). Finally, some directives on how exploiting the obtained results for real-time safety devices have been formulated.

Basin of Attraction of the Simplest Walking Model

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Schwab ◽  
M. Wisse
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Basin Of Attraction ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Walking Robots ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
Walking Motion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Basin Of Attraction ◽  
General Method ◽  
Small Disturbances

Abstract Passive dynamic walking is an important development for walking robots, supplying natural, energy-efficient motions. In practice, the cyclic gait of passive dynamic prototypes appears to be stable, only for small disturbances. Therefore, in this paper we research the basin of attraction of the cyclic walking motion for the simplest walking model. Furthermore, we present a general method for deriving the equations of motion and impact equations for the analysis of multibody systems, as in walking models. Application of the cell mapping method shows the basin of attraction to be a small, thin area. It is shown that the basin of attraction is not directly related to the stability of the cyclic motion.

Modes of Explanation in the Aristotelian Mechanical Problems

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean De Groot
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Posterior Analytics ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Euclid’S Elements ◽  
General Method

AbstractScholars have been puzzled by the central argument of MP 1 where the author addresses the basic principle behind the balance and lever. It is not clear what is intended to provide the explanation—the dynamic concepts of force and constraint or the geometrical demonstration. Nor is it clear whether the geometrical part of the argument carries any logical force or has value as a proof. This paper makes a case for the cogency of the argument as a kinematic, not dynamic, account. MP 1 proceeds systematically as it extends the explanatory power of the parallelogram of movements from rectilinear motion to circular motion. Euclid's Elements I.43 provides insight on the author's procedure. His general method is demonstrative, as described in Posterior Analytics I.1.

The Design of Intelligent Measurement System Based on Time-Triggered Embedded System

2014 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Feng Huang ◽  
Xin Bian ◽  
Guo Rong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Intelligent Measurement ◽  
Measurement Control ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Flexible Measurement

An intelligent measurement system is introduced, which is based on time-triggered embedded system with the characteristics of multitask and multiparameter in the process of measuring parameters. The system is consist of MCU, USB and the time-triggered structure. The predictability makes the system avoid the interrupt loss. The stability and reliability of the system has been improved. The experimental results show that the system not only has the characteristics of flexible measurement control, data transmission, and data storage, but also can analysis the field parameters.

METHODOLOGY OF CALCULATING OF THE RAMIFICATION OF THE DIGITAL RADIO RELAY DATA TRANSMISSION NETWORK OF THE AEROSPACE FORCES ASSOCIATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
S.E. MIKHAILOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
The Stability

The article considers a methodology for increasing the stability of a digital data transmission network, which will take into account connectivity when changing its structure, due to rational clustering of communication centers using neural networks.

Comparative Study on Low Voltage Ride-Through Test Methods for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 495-499
Author(s):  
Wen Jin Wu ◽  
Jian Hui Su ◽  
Hai Ning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Design For Test ◽  
Grid Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Stability

The large scale photovoltaic plants have more effects on the stability of regional power grid with the rapid increase of photovoltaic generation ratio in some areas. According to the grid guideline, the photovoltaic inverter is required to maintain the running status even the grid voltage drops and needs to have the capability to contribute towards the stability of power grid voltage and to support the grid voltage ride through. To test the ability of photovoltaic inverter low voltage ride through (LVRT), the test platform to simulate all kinds of fault for voltage drop needs to be set up. By the low voltage through technical requirements, this paper puts forward three kinds of design for test platform and analyzes respective work principle and characteristics, in order to provide optimization solution for the low voltage ride through test work.

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