Modes of Explanation in the Aristotelian Mechanical Problems

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean De Groot
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Posterior Analytics ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Euclid’S Elements ◽  
General Method

AbstractScholars have been puzzled by the central argument of MP 1 where the author addresses the basic principle behind the balance and lever. It is not clear what is intended to provide the explanation—the dynamic concepts of force and constraint or the geometrical demonstration. Nor is it clear whether the geometrical part of the argument carries any logical force or has value as a proof. This paper makes a case for the cogency of the argument as a kinematic, not dynamic, account. MP 1 proceeds systematically as it extends the explanatory power of the parallelogram of movements from rectilinear motion to circular motion. Euclid's Elements I.43 provides insight on the author's procedure. His general method is demonstrative, as described in Posterior Analytics I.1.

Study of Kynematics and Dynamics in the Traffic of Rembangan Tourism in the Jember Regency as Learning Resources for Physics Learning in the Senior High School

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfido Fauzy Zakaria ◽  
Bambang Supriadi ◽  
Trapsilo Prihandono
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
High School Teacher ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Newton's Law ◽  
Newton’S Law

One branch of physics is mechanics. Based on interviews to Senior High School teacher in Jember, mechanics is difficult to learn. The eksternals factor this chapter is dificult to learn is learning Resources. The learning Resources are often less contextuall with around the phenomenon of students. The contextuall learning Resources in the Jember Regency is study of kynematics and dynamics in the traffic of Rembangan Tourism. From this experiment, we get data can be used as a learning resources chapter uniform rectilinear motion, decelerated uniform rectilinear motion, accelerated uniform rectilinear motion, Newton’s Law, and circular motion.

How Universal Is Media Entertainment, Really? On the Enriching Potential of Cross-Cultural Approaches for Existing Entertainment Scholarship

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Özen Odağ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

The current chapter focuses on the (cross-)cultural appeal of existing entertainment theories, showcasing the meager evidence that exists with respect to their universality. The central argument throughout the chapter is that most entertainment theories have originated in the Western world and little has so far been done to apply them to the much larger rest of the world. The rest of the world has shown to be profoundly different, however, with respect to various dimensions of human behavior and cognition, including self-concepts, emotion appraisal and display, valued affect, thinking styles, values, and well-being maxims. The chapter scrutinizes five pertinent entertainment theories for their ability to explain this cultural variation. It suggests the inclusion of fruitful macro- and micro-level concepts from cross-cultural psychology and intercultural communication to increase their global explanatory power. The main aim of the current chapter is to spark an overdue (cross-)cultural evolution of media entertainment scholarship.

Synthesis of Rectilinear Motion by Mechanical Harmonic Function Generators

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Bernard W. Shaffer ◽  
Irvin Krause
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Harmonic Function ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Function Generators ◽  
General Method

A general method is presented for generating controlled rectilinear motion to any desired accuracy. The required motion is expressed in terms of a Fourier series whose coefficients are shown to be related to the governing dimensions of a plane mechanism. The mechanism may be designed to generate enough terms of the Fourier series to satisfy any desired accuracy. The technique is then used for a particular problem to illustrate its application and the method by which the error of approximation may be evaluated.

scholarly journals XVIII. On a general method of producing exact rectilinear motion by linkwork

1875 ◽  
Vol 23 (156-163) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Result ◽  
British Association ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Parallel Motion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Method

Since the invention by James W att, in 1784, of the 3-bar linkwork known as “Watt’s Parallel Motion,” which gives an approximate rectilinear motion, many attempts have been made to obtain a more perfect solution of the problem how to obtain accurate rectilinear motion by means of linkwork. Professor Tchebicheff succeeded in obtaining a 3-bar link-work giving a much closer approximation to a true result; but in his case, as in that of others, the solution is only approximate, and it may be, in fact, shown that with 3 bars an accurate result cannot be obtained. It was not until 1864 that the problem was solved; in that year M. Peaucellier made his memorable discovery of an accurate 7-bar solution; and in 1874, when the subject was brought prominently forward in England by Professor Sylvester, Mr. Hart, in a paper read before the British Association, gave a solution by means of 5 bars. Both these linkworks, as is now well known, depended upon the inversion of a circle with respect to a point on its circumference.

Light Path

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-79
Author(s):  
Russell Smith ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Kinematics And Dynamics ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Light Path ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Mechanical Motion ◽  
Point Motion

This paper focuses on the mathematisation of mechanics in the seventeenth century, specifically on how the representation of compounded rectilinear motions presented in the ancient Greek Mechanica found its way into Newton’s Principia almost two thousand years later. I aim to show that the path from the former to the latter was optical: the conceptualisation of geometrical lines as paths of reflection created a physical interpretation of dia­grammatic principles of geometrical point-motion, involving the kinematics and dynamics of light reflection. Upon the atomistic conception of light, the optical interpretation of such geometrical principles entailed their mechanical generalisation to local motion; rectilinear motion via the physico-mathemat­ics of reflection and the Mechanica’s parallelogram rule; circular motion via the physico-mathematics of reflection, the Archimedean squaring of the circle and the Mechanica’s extension of the parallelogram rule to centripetal motion. This appeal to the physico-mathematics of reflection forged a realist founda­tion for the mathematisation of motion. Whereas Aristotle’s physics rested on motions which had their source in the nature of the elements, early modern thinkers such as Harriot, Descartes, and Newton based their new principles of mechanical motion upon selected elements of the mechanics of light motion, projected upon the geometry of the parallelogram rule for rectilinear and, ultimately, circular motion.

Simple realization of balanced motions under different speeds for a mechanical regulator-free bicycle robot

Robotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1958-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghua Huang ◽  
Qizheng Liao ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Shimin Wei
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Rolling Angle ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Bar Turning

SUMMARYMechanical regulator-free bicycle robots have lighter weight and fewer actuators than the traditional regulator-based bicycle robots. In order to deal with the difficulty of maintaining balance for this kind of bicycle robot, we consider a front-wheel drive and mechanical regulator-free bicycle robot. We present the methodologies for realizing the robot's ultra-low-speed track-stand motion, moderate-speed circular motion and high-speed rectilinear motion. A simplified dynamics of the robot is developed using three independent velocities. From the dynamics, we suggest there may be an underactuated rolling angle in the system. Our balancing strategies are inspired by human riders' experience, and our control rules are based on the bicycle system's underactuated dynamics. In the case of track-stand and circular motion, we linearize the frame's rolling angle and configure the robot to maintain balance by the front-wheel's motion with a fixed front-bar turning angle. In the case of the rectilinear motion, we linearize both front-bar steering angle and front-wheel rotating angle, and configure the system to maintain balance by the front-bar's turning with a constant front-wheel rotating rate. Numerical simulations and physical experiments are given together to validate the effectiveness of our control strategies in realizing the robot's proposed three motions.

scholarly journals Nature’s Perfection: Aristotle and Descartes on Motion and Purpose

Conatus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Justin Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Circular Motion ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
Theological Foundation ◽  
Empirical Discovery ◽  
Laws Of Motion ◽  
Final Causes ◽  
Self Motion

Descartes holds that, insofar as nature is a purposeless, unthinking, extended substance, there could be no final causes in physics. Descartes’ derivation of his three laws of motion from the perfections of God thus underwrites a rejection of Aristotle’s conception of natural self-motion and teleology. Aristotle derived his conception of the purposeful action of sublunar creatures from his notion that superlunar bodies are perfect, eternal, living beings, via the thesis that circular motion is more complete or perfect than rectilinear motion. Descartes’ reduction of circular motion to rectilinear motion, achieved through his theological foundation of the laws of motion, thus marks a crucial break from Aristotle’s philosophy of nature. This paper argues that the shift from the Aristotelian conception of nature as self-moving and teleological to the Cartesian conception of nature as purposeless and inert, is not an empirical discovery but is rooted in differing conceptions of where perfection lies in nature.

scholarly journals Project-Based (PjBL) and Guided Inquiry Learning: Students’ Response to Rectilinear and Circular Motion Phenomena

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Rismawati Rismawati ◽  
Sarwanto Sarwanto ◽  
Budiyono Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Right

The learning method is one of the essential factors that influence the success of learning. To build good quality learning, choosing the right method is a crucial step. This study aims to identify differences in student learning achievement by applying two learning methods, project-based learning (PjBL) and guided inquiry (GI) in rectilinear motion and circular motion. The quasi-experimental method was used in this study. The participants were selected by cluster random sampling consisting of two classes (36 students and 35 students) from one of the Vocational Schools in Surakarta. Data collected through multiple-choice tests and interviews were analyzed in descriptive and inferential statistics using ANOVA and t-test. The results show that there is an influence of the learning method on student learning achievement in which both the PjBL and GI method. Students who learned rectilinear motion and circular motion using PjBL got higher scores than the GI method. The implication of this research is as a teacher's reference in choosing learning methods relevant to the rectilinear motion and circular motion and its implementation is expected to improve student learning achievement.

The Realization of HARQ Based on UE in the Uplink of LTE System

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2008-2011
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Fang Tao Li ◽  
Ling Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Conformance Test ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Stability ◽  
General Method

First, the basic principle of HARQ is introduced in detail. From the UE perspective, a general method based on table look-up of uplink HARQ implementation is proposed. Then the implementation principle is described through four detailed examples procedure. This method ensures the accuracy of the data transmission in timing aspect and improve the stability of the system, and it is verified in the RF conformance test platform.

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