Variation of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs Contents and Influencing Factors in Sludge Landfill Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 797-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Zhe Han ◽  
Su Ping Feng
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Coking Plant

In order to know about the variation of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs of sludge in landfill, discover the factors influencing the contents of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and provide the scientific basis for the agriculture reuse of aged-sludge, the variation of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs contents and influencing factors in sludge landfill were studied in this paper. PAHs concentration of different landfill periods rang from 6.645 to 10.008 mg·kg-1 and show an increasing tendency with the increase of landfill duration. PAHs are mainly composed of more than four benzene-based compounds, and less than three benzene rings compounds contents of PAHs are relatively low. PCBs concentrations rang from 15.655 to 25.569 μg·kg-1 and present a decreasing trend with the landfill time, which far less than the standard of 0.2 mg·kg-1. PCBs at the beginning of the landfill are mainly composed of the 3-Cl and 5-Cl compounds. In the late of the landfill, 2-Cl compounds increase significantly. The range of OCPs concentration is 1.78~2.37 μg·kg-1. The main factors affecting the PAHs, PCBs and OCPs contents are microbial degradation and transformation. Analysis of the pollutants sources indicate that PAHs in sludge are mainly derived from the waste water of refinery, coking plant, gasworks, smelt plant and pitch plant. Chemical industry, timber process and electricity industry are the main sources of PCBs and OCPs in sludge.

scholarly journals The role of serum β-trophin and endostatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Are they correlated?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gong ◽  
Aikmu Bilixzi ◽  
Xinmei Wang ◽  
Yanli Lu ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract Background It’s necessary to investigate the serum β-trophin and endostatin (ES) level and its influencing factors in patients with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Newly diagnosed PCOS patients treated in our hospital were selected, and healthy women who took physical examination during the same period as healthy controls. We detected and compared the related serum indicators between two groups, Pearson correlation were conducted to identify the factors associated with β-trophin and ES, and the influencing factors of β-trophin and ES were analyzed by logistic regression. Results A total of 62 PCOS patients and 65 healthy controls were included. The BMI, WHI, LH, FSH, TT, FAI, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, ES in PCOS patients were significantly higher than that of healthy controls, while the SHBG and HDL in PCOS patients were significantly lower than that of healthy controls (all p < 0.05). β-trophin was closely associated with BMI (r = 0.427), WHR (r = 0.504), FBG (r = 0.385), TG (r = 0.405) and LDL (r = 0.302, all p < 0.05), and ES was closely associated with BMI (r = 0.358), WHR (r = 0.421), FBG (r = 0.343), TC (r = 0.319), TG (r = 0.404, all p < 0.05). TG, BMI, WHR and FBG were the main factors affecting the serum β-trophin levels (all p < 0.05). FBG, TC and BMI were the main factors affecting the serum ES levels (all p < 0.05). The TG, β-trophin, ES level in PCOS patients with insulin resistance (IR) were significantly higher than that of those without IR (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Increased β-trophin is closely associated with increased ES in patients with PCOS, which may be the useful indicators for the management of PCOS.

What is access to radiation therapy? A conceptual framework and review of influencing factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puma Sundaresan ◽  
Martin R. Stockler ◽  
Christopher G. Milross
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Factors Influencing

Objectives Optimal radiation therapy (RT) utilisation rates (RURs) have been defined for various cancer indications through extensive work in Australia and overseas. These benchmarks remain unrealised. The gap between optimal RUR and actual RUR has been attributed to inadequacies in ‘RT access’. We aimed to develop a conceptual framework for the consideration of ‘RT access’ by examining the literature for existing constructs and translating it to the context of RT services. We further aimed to use this framework to identify and examine factors influencing ‘RT access’. Methods Existing models of health care access were reviewed and used to develop a multi-dimensional conceptual framework for ‘RT access’. A review of the literature was then conducted to identify factors reported to affect RT access and utilisation. The electronic databases searched, the host platform and date range of the databases searched were Ovid MEDLINE, 1946 to October 2014 and PsycINFOvia OvidSP,1806 to October 2014. Results The framework developed demonstrates that ‘RT access’ encompasses opportunity for RT as well as the translation of this opportunity to RT utilisation. Opportunity for RT includes availability, affordability, adequacy (quality) and acceptability of RT services. Several factors at the consumer, referrer and RT service levels affect the translation of this opportunity for RT to actual RT utilisation. Conclusion ‘Access’ is a term that is widely used in the context of health service related research, planning and political discussions. It is a multi-faceted concept with many descriptions. We propose a conceptual framework for the consideration of ‘RT access’ so that factors affecting RT access and utilisation may be identified and examined. Understanding these factors, and quantifying them where possible, will allow objective evaluation of their impact on RT utilisation and guide implementation of strategies to modify their effects. What is known about the topic? It is well documented that the use of RT in Australia is well below evidence-based benchmarks. The shortfall in the use of RT has been attributed to problems with access to treatment services. Although considerable attention has been directed (rightly) towards addressing infrastructure needs, access to RT is more than just supply of services. There is currently no specific framework for RT access to comprehensively consider and examine other factors influencing the use of RT. The existing international literature addresses some of the influencing factors. However, there is a need for a detailed review of all actual and potential influencers of RT utilisation. What does this paper add? This paper presents a conceptual framework for the specific consideration of access to RT. A detailed review of various factors affecting access and utilisation of RT has been performed using the aforementioned conceptual framework. To our knowledge this is the first such review and hence we are confident that it adds to the existing international literature on this subject. What are the implications for practitioners? The topic of improving consumers’ access to RT is of relevance locally, in Australia, as well as internationally. We feel that the RT access framework proposed herein will be of interest and use to those involved in health services research, delivery and policy, especially those involved with the planning and delivering of cancer services. In addition to compiling evidence on the subject, the review of factors influencing RT utilisation highlights and proposes areas for future translational and implementation research in the areas of health services and treatment-related decision making.

scholarly journals Alternate Strip Clearcutting in Upland Black Spruce: II. Factors Affecting Regeneration in First-cut Strips

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Jeglum
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Strip Width ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Topographic Position ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Upper Slope

In a two-cut, alternate strip clearcutting system in upland black spruce, the main factors influencing black spruce regeneration in the first-cut strips were strip width, natural seeding period, amount of receptive seedbed and topographic position. In the three study areas, 80-m strips yielded over 60% stocking and over 7 500 seedlings per hectare with a 4-year natural seeding period. Narrower strips 40 m and 20 m wide showed increasing levels of reproduction. Four years of natural seeding gave better natural regeneration than two years. Seedling density and frequency in quadrats were correlated with the amount of receptive seedbed. Regeneration was more abundant on drainageways and lower slopes, and less abundant on upper slope and crest sites. For successful regeneration under similar climatic and physiographic conditions, strip widths should be no more than 80 m, and leave times no less than 3 years. It is essential to scarify the upland mineral soil sites, but scarification of lowland sites is not recommended, especially where there is abundant Sphagnum.

Analysis on Factors Influencing and Numerical Simulation of Hot Stamping Mold Cooling System

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stamping Die ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Performance

Cooling system is an important component of hot stamping dies, directly affects the quality and performance of the product. This article studies the work of hot stamping die process variation in temperature and heat transfer methods, analyzes the main factors affecting the cooling effect, and the use of numerical simulation of the flow of cooling water to simulate the state, and proposed rationalization proposals.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UNDER REFORM AND WORLD INTEGRATION AND THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Canh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Son Hung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Main Factors

The purpose of this paper was to give an overview of economic development under reform and world integration and to evaluate the main factors influencing the growth of the Vietnamese economy during the reform period (1990-2009). Based on statistical data on the Vietnamese economy in the period of 1990-2009, this study analyzed the factors affecting economic growth. The policy changes, economic development, poverty rates and living standards of Vietnamese population are analyzed over the reform period using qualitative methods. The results of this study show that economic growth under reform and world integration has reduced the poverty rate and increased living standards of population in Vietnam. An evaluation of the factors influencing economic growth is made using a quantitative model of total factor productivity (TFP) and another econometric model. The findings from this quantitative analysis show that the growth of the Vietnamese economy was determined by two factors: (1) capital investments, including foreign direct investment (FDI) and (2) the growth of exports. The results of these qualitative and quantitative analyses lay the foundation for policy recommendations for Vietnam Government to develop economy in the future.

scholarly journals Econometric Assessment of Factors Affecting the Development of Life Insurance in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1123-1138
Author(s):  
Dinora Alisherovna Baratova
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Life Insurance Company ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Econometric Assessment

This article presents an econometric assessment of the role of the insurance industry in the economy of Uzbekistan and the factors influencing the development of life insurance. It also covers the scientific theoretical research of scientists studying the economics of insurance. In addition, the development of accumulative life insurance in Uzbekistan was econometrically analyzed and Uzbekinvest Life Insurance Company was selected as a sample from the package. The econometric analysis of the development of insurance activities of the insurance company "Uzbekinvest Life" identifies the main factors influencing its development. Factors influencing the development of Uzbekinvest Life insurance company through econometric models were assessed. In addition, proposals were made for the development of funded life insurance in Uzbekistan.

The Factors Affecting Multimedia-Based Inquiry

2009 ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
Margus Pedaste ◽  
Tago Sarapuu
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Main Factors

The general aim of the present chapter is to focus on the factors influencing simulation-based computersupported inquiry learning in small groups. The authors will give an overview of research that describes different factors influencing inquiry learning and problem solving and will add a dimension of collaborative web-based inquiry from their studies. The evidence from relevant scientific literature as well as the empirical results collected by the authors form the basis for discussion about designing an effective learning environment through a viewpoint of different end-users of our results – especially teachers and software designers. As a result, three additional main factors have been found that should be taken into account in designing support systems for problem solving: i) the level of difficulty of problems, ii) the appropriate sequence of problems, and iii) the characteristics of learners’ groups.

Structural Analysis of Factors Influencing Quality Innovation Capability in Manufacturing Enterprises

2013 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
Wei Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Through the research on the connotation of quality innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises, 22 factors influencing the quality innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises have been screened out. Based on this, the application of interpretative structural modeling (ISM) has determined the relationship between these factors, establishing the multilevel hierarchical structure model of the main factors affecting the quality innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises, and analyzing the relationships between the five levels of the model and the different roles of each factor that the quality innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises innovation system plays. The results have practical significance for manufacturing enterprises to enhance the quality of innovation capability.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variability in the Cladocera assemblage of a subtropical hypersaline lagoon

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. L. Rosa ◽  
L. L. Batista ◽  
W. M. Monteiro-Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hypersaline Lagoon

Abstract Cladocera represent an important zooplankton group because of their seasonal prominence in terms of abundance and their contribution in controlling primary production (phytoplankton). On a global scale, there are few studies on Cladocera in hypersaline environments. The present work aims to evaluate the spatio-temporal variation of the Cladocera assemblage across a salinity gradient in the habitats of the Araruama Lagoon. Samples were collected in random months over a period of four years at 12 fixed stations in the Araruama Lagoon using a WP2 plankton net equipped with a flow meter. Our results do not reveal significant influence of the tide and seasonal variation as factors affecting the Cladocera assemblage. Five Cladocera species were found in the Araruama Lagoon, only in stations 11 and 12 where they reached an average of 1,799 ± 3,103 ind. m-3. The mean of the Shannon Diversity Index was 0.45 ± 0.2. The species that stood out in terms of frequency and abundance were: Penilia avirostris (frequency of occurrence: 71%), followed by Pseudevadne tergestina (41%). The same species also stood out in terms of relative abundance, Penilia avirostris (87%) and Pseudevadne tergestina (11%). The absence of Cladocera in the innermost parts of the lagoon suggests that their entrance to these locations is possibly inhibited by the salinity and temperature gradient of the lagoon, being the main factors influencing the dynamics of the Cladocera assemblages.

scholarly journals The Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Urban Cultural and Entertainment Facilities in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12252
Author(s):  
Dan He ◽  
Zixuan Chen ◽  
Shaowei Ai ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Linlin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Grid Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spatial Lag Model ◽  
Main Factors

Cultural and entertainment facilities are an important mainstay for urban development and the well-being of urban residents. Studying their spatial distribution is thus of great significance for improving urban functions and shaping urban characteristics. This paper uses the Simpson index, grid method, kernel density, nearest neighbor analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis to present in detail the spatial pattern, hotspot distribution and clustering characteristics of urban cultural and entertainment facilities in Beijing. With the help of the spatial lag model, the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of the facilities are explored. The results are as follows: Different types of cultural and entertainment facilities have different spatial agglomeration effects, which are closely related to the historical background of Beijing, industrial distribution, and the living needs of residents; the facilities generally present a spatial distribution with prominent centrality, strong clustering and significant heterogeneity; and financial insurance institution density, building density, securities company density, housing rent and distance to nearest scenic spot are the main factors affecting the distribution of the facilities. Analyzing the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of urban cultural and entertainment facilities in Beijing will provide typical cases and decision-making references that can underpin the informed layout and planning of urban cultural and entertainment industries and facilities.

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