Upgrading of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil to Fuel over Supported Nanomaterials - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Yasir ◽  
Sujan Chowdhury ◽  
Nurlidia Mansor ◽  
Norani Muti Mohamed ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Bio Oil

Upgrading of bio-oil obtained from pyrolysis of biomass is one the most attractive way to produce fuel both in technological and economical aspect. Development of cost-effective, long life and highly active catalyst is a major challenge in this concern. Addition of support material to the nanocatalyst not only increases the life span of the catalyst but also offers more active sites as well as reduces the cost by lowering the amount of active metal used. Moreover, selection of appropriate support favors efficient dispersion of the active phase. The main focus of this review article is to look into the development of supported nanocatalysts in the past few decades, comparing catalytic performance and deactivation rate of catalysts in the upgrading of bio-oil to produce a value-aided and efficient transportation fuel. Overall, appreciable work has been done to improve the hydrodeoxygenation reaction using different nanosized rare earth metal support materials with enhanced catalytic efficiency and finally need to be implemented in industries for upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil.

scholarly journals Influence of Bio-Oil Phospholipid on the Hydrodeoxygenation Activity of NiMoS/Al2O3 Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdus Salam ◽  
Derek Creaser ◽  
Prakhar Arora ◽  
Stefanie Tamm ◽  
Eva Lind Grennfelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pore Blockage ◽  
Sulfided Catalyst ◽  
High Degree

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activity of a typical hydrotreating catalyst, sulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 for deoxygenation of a fatty acid has been explored in a batch reactor at 54 bar and 320 °C in the presence of contaminants, like phospholipids, which are known to be present in renewable feeds. Oleic acid was used for the investigation. Freshly sulfided catalyst showed a high degree of deoxygenation activity; products were predominantly composed of alkanes (C17 and C18). Experiments with a major phospholipid showed that activity for C17 was greatly reduced while activity to C18 was not altered significantly in the studied conditions. Characterization of the spent catalyst revealed the formation of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), which affects the active phase dispersion, blocks the active sites, and causes pore blockage. In addition, choline, formed from the decomposition of phospholipid, partially contributes to the observed deactivation. Furthermore, a direct correlation was observed in the accumulation of coke on the catalyst and the amount of phospholipid introduced in the feed. We therefore propose that the reason for the increased deactivation is due to the dual effects of an irreversible change in phase to aluminum phosphate and the formation of choline.

scholarly journals A Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework with SOC Topological Net for Catalytic Peptide Bond Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujing Wang ◽  
Antoine Tissot ◽  
Guillaume Maurin ◽  
Tatjana Parac-Vogt ◽  
Christian Serre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Horse Heart Myoglobin ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Organic Framework

<div>The discovery of nanozymes for selective cleavage of proteins would boost the emerging areas of modern proteomics, however, the development of efficient and reusable artificial catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis is challenging. Here we report the detailed catalytic properties of a microporous zirconium carboxylate metal-organic framework, MIP-201, in promoting peptide bond hydrolysis in a simple dipeptide, as well as in horse-heart myoglobin (Mb) protein that consists of 153 amino acids. We demonstrate that MIP-201 features an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, a good tolerance toward reaction conditions covering a wide range of different pH values, and importantly, an exceptional recycling ability associated with easy regeneration process. Taking into account the excellent catalytic performance of MIP-201 and its other advantages such as 6-connected Zr6 cluster active sites, the green, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and an outstanding chemical and architectural stability, our finding suggests that MIP-201 may be a promising and practical alternative to the current commercially available catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis.</div>

scholarly journals A Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework with SOC Topological Net for Catalytic Peptide Bond Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujing Wang ◽  
Antoine Tissot ◽  
Guillaume Maurin ◽  
Tatjana Parac-Vogt ◽  
Christian Serre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Horse Heart Myoglobin ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Organic Framework

<div>The discovery of nanozymes for selective cleavage of proteins would boost the emerging areas of modern proteomics, however, the development of efficient and reusable artificial catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis is challenging. Here we report the detailed catalytic properties of a microporous zirconium carboxylate metal-organic framework, MIP-201, in promoting peptide bond hydrolysis in a simple dipeptide, as well as in horse-heart myoglobin (Mb) protein that consists of 153 amino acids. We demonstrate that MIP-201 features an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, a good tolerance toward reaction conditions covering a wide range of different pH values, and importantly, an exceptional recycling ability associated with easy regeneration process. Taking into account the excellent catalytic performance of MIP-201 and its other advantages such as 6-connected Zr6 cluster active sites, the green, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and an outstanding chemical and architectural stability, our finding suggests that MIP-201 may be a promising and practical alternative to the current commercially available catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis.</div>

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Doped Sponge Ni Fibers as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Zhang ◽  
Xinhui Xia ◽  
Shengjue Deng ◽  
Yu Zhong ◽  
Dong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

Abstract Controllable synthesis of highly active micro/nanostructured metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a particularly significant and challenging target. Herein, we report a 3D porous sponge-like Ni material, prepared by a facile hydrothermal method and consisting of cross-linked micro/nanofibers, as an integrated binder-free OER electrocatalyst. To further enhance the electrocatalytic performance, an N-doping strategy is applied to obtain N-doped sponge Ni (N-SN) for the first time, via NH3 annealing. Due to the combination of the unique conductive sponge structure and N doping, the as-obtained N-SN material shows improved conductivity and a higher number of active sites, resulting in enhanced OER performance and excellent stability. Remarkably, N-SN exhibits a low overpotential of 365 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and an extremely small Tafel slope of 33 mV dec−1, as well as superior long-term stability, outperforming unmodified sponge Ni. Importantly, the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure analyses shows that γ-NiOOH is the surface-active phase for OER. Therefore, the combination of conductive sponge structure and N-doping modification opens a new avenue for fabricating new types of high-performance electrodes with application in electrochemical energy conversion devices.

scholarly journals Highly Active Trifloaluminate Ionic Liquids as Recyclable Catalysts for Green Oxidation of 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol to Trimethyl-1,4-Benzoquinone

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Piotr Latos ◽  
Agnieszka Siewniak ◽  
Natalia Barteczko ◽  
Sebastian Jurczyk ◽  
Sławomir Boncel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Recyclable Catalysts ◽  
Fold Excess

An effective method for the synthesis of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone via the oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol as the key step in the in the preparation of vitamin E was presented. An aqueous solution of H2O2 was used as the oxidant and Lewis acidic trifloaluminate ionic liquids [emim][OTf]-Al(OTf)3, χAl(OTf)3 = 0.25 or 0.15 as catalysts. Trifloaluminate ionic liquids were synthesised by the simple reaction between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) [emim][OTf] and aluminium triflate used in sub-stoichiometric quantities. The influence of the reaction parameters on the reaction course, such as the amount and concentration of the oxidant, the amount of catalyst, the amount and the type of organic solvent, temperature, and the reaction time was investigated. Finally, 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone was obtained in high selectivity (99%) and high 2,3,6-trimethylphenol conversion (84%) at 70 °C after 2 h of oxidation using a 4-fold excess of 60% aqueous H2O2 and acetic acid as the solvent. The catalytic performance of trifloaluminate ionic liquids supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (loading of active phase: 9.1 wt.%) was also demonstrated. The heterogeneous ionic liquids not only retained their activity compared to the homogenous counterparts, but also proved to be a highly recyclable catalysts.

scholarly journals Ag2O–MnO2/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Syed ◽  
Mujeeb Khan ◽  
Mohammed Rafi Shaik ◽  
Mufsir Kuniyil ◽  
M Rafiq Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Recoverable Catalyst ◽  
Aerial Oxidation ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
State Mixing

In this study, we reported the eco-friendly fabrication of Ag2O&ndash;MnO2/GRO nanocomposites by the solid-state mixing of separately prepared GRO and Ag2O&ndash;MnO2&nbsp;NPs using ball milling method, a mechanochemical approach. The prepared material was studied for the catalytic effect of GRO in the system for the aerial oxidation of a variety of alcohols. It was found that the (1%)Ag2O&ndash;MnO2/(5 wt.%)GRO nanocatalyst demonstrated a high conversion ability (~100%) and excellent selectivity in the presence of O2&nbsp;as a clean oxidant. The higher catalytic properties of the nanocomposite were attributed to the presence of GRO, which exhibited extraordinary catalytic properties like improved surface area, excellent chemical compatibility, and stability, as well as the introduction of several defects in the obtained nanocomposite that enhance the catalytic performance. The specific activity of 13.3 mmol&middot;g&minus;1&middot;h&minus;1 is obtained for the catalyst i.e. (1%)Ag2O&ndash;MnO2/(5 wt.%)GRO, which is reportedly superior to the various other catalysts previously reported in the literature for the same conversion reaction. Our catalytic strategy was highly selective, producing only desired products with no over-oxygenation to carboxylic acids. The merits of our catalytic methodology were: (a) facile process, (b) inexpensive and clean oxidant, (c) no surfactants or nitrogenous bases were required, (d) mild catalytic conditions, (e) cost-effective recoverable catalyst, (f) complete convertibility, (g) full selectivity, (h) rapid process, and (i) applicable to virtually all types of alcohols. So, these highlights made this catalytic strategy to be highly applicable in the industrial applications for manufacturing of carbonyls.&nbsp;To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study of utilizing Ag2O&ndash;MnO2/GRO composite as a catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols, highlighting the catalytic efficiency of GRO.

scholarly journals Mesoporous bimetallic Fe/Co as highly active heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochlorides

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchao Li ◽  
Xuhua Li ◽  
Jindong Han ◽  
Fansheng Meng ◽  
Jinyuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bimetallic Catalyst ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fenton Catalyst ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract Mesoporous bimetallic Fe/Co was prepared as a Fenton-like catalyst to degrade the tetracycline hydrochlorides (TC). The nanocasting strategy with KIT-6 as a hard template was carried out to synthesize the mesoporous bimetallic catalyst. The mesoporous bimetallic Fe/Co catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The results showed that the catalyst has significant nanofeatures; the surface area, pore size, and particle size were 113.8 m2g−1, 4 nm, and 10 nm, respectively. In addition, the effects of the operating parameters, such as the iron-to-cobalt ratio, pH, H2O2, and initial TC concentrations on its catalytic performance were investigated. The best operating parameters were as follows: iron-to-cobalt ratio = 2:1 to 1:1, pH = 5–9, H2O2: 30 mmol, initial TC less than 30 mg/L. Furthermore, the mesoporous bimetallic Fe/Co showed a good performance for degrading TC, achieving a removal rate of 86% of TC after 3 h under the reaction conditions of H2O2 = 30 mmol, mesoporous bimetallic Fe/Co = 0.6 g/L, TC = 30 mg/L, pH = 7.0, and temperature = 25.5 °C. The mesoporous bimetallic Fe/Co catalyst shows good stability and reusability. This work demonstrated that mesoporous bimetallic Fe/Co has excellent catalytic efficiency, smaller amounts of leached ions, and wider pH range, which enhance its potential applications.

The Electronic Interaction of Pt-Clusters with ITO and HOPG Surfaces upon Water Adsorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 228 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Klett ◽  
Stephan Krähling ◽  
Benjamin Elger ◽  
Rolf Schäfer ◽  
Bernhard Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Electronic Interaction ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Platinum Cluster ◽  
Supported Platinum ◽  
Platinum Clusters

AbstractIn order to investigate the catalytic properties of supported platinum clusters, their interaction with water was monitored using photoelectron spectroscopy. The clusters were exposed to up to five Langmuir of water at cryogenic temperatures. Additionally, the influence of the substrate was studied by employing HOPG and ITO as complementary support materials. In contrast to bulk platinum a distinct chemical shift is observable in the Pt4f binding energies for Pt clusters deposited on ITO. The same clusters on HOPG show no changes in binding energy. We propose that this trend is due to a change in the surface Fermi level in ITO, hence highlighting the strong interaction between the platinum cluster and the substrate material. Therefore it is reasonable to assume, that the catalytic efficiency of these clusters in general can not solely be described by the electronic structure of the cluster alone, but that also the electronic changes induced in the substrate may have a major impact on the catalytic performance as well.

scholarly journals Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13137
Author(s):  
Zhibin Liu ◽  
Manuel Corva ◽  
Hatem M. A. Amin ◽  
Niclas Blanc ◽  
Julia Linnemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Support Effects ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Ensemble Effects

Single-entity electrochemistry allows for assessing electrocatalytic activities of individual material entities such as nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, it becomes possible to consider intrinsic electrochemical properties of nanocatalysts when researching how activity relates to physical and structural material properties. Conversely, conventional electrochemical techniques provide a normalized sum current referring to a huge ensemble of NPs constituting, along with additives (e.g., binders), a complete catalyst-coated electrode. Accordingly, recording electrocatalytic responses of single NPs avoids interferences of ensemble effects and reduces the complexity of electrocatalytic processes, thus enabling detailed description and modelling. Herein, we present insights into the oxygen evolution catalysis at individual cubic Co3O4 NPs impacting microelectrodes of different support materials. Simulating diffusion at supported nanocubes, measured step current signals can be analyzed, providing edge lengths, corresponding size distributions, and interference-free turnover frequencies. The provided nano-impact investigation of (electro-)catalyst-support effects contradicts assumptions on a low number of highly active sites.

scholarly journals Effect of Metal Loading in Unpromoted and Promoted CoMo/Al2O3–TiO2 Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andrés Tavizón-Pozos ◽  
Carlos E. Santolalla-Vargas ◽  
Omar U. Valdés-Martínez ◽  
José Antonio de los Reyes Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Octahedral Coordination ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Co Concentration

This paper reports the effects of changes in the supported active phase concentration over titania containing mixed oxides catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Mo and CoMo supported on sol–gel Al2O3–TiO2 (Al/Ti = 2) were synthetized and tested for the HDO of phenol in a batch reactor at 5.5 MPa, 593 K, and 100 ppm S. Characterization results showed that the increase in Mo loading led to an increase in the amount of oxide Mo species with octahedral coordination (MoOh), which produced more active sites and augmented the catalytic activity. The study of the change of Co concentration allowed prototypes of the oxide species and their relationship with the CoMo/AT2 activity to be described. Catalysts were tested at four different Co/(Co + Mo) ratios. The results presented a correlation between the available fraction of CoOh and the catalytic performance. At low CoOh fractions (Co/(Co + Mo) = 0.1), Co could not promote all MoS2 slabs and metallic sites from this latter phase performed the reaction. Also, at high Co/(Co + Mo) ratios (0.3 and 0.4), there was a loss of Co species. The Co/(Co + Mo) = 0.2 ratio presented an optimum amount of available CoOh and catalytic activity since the XPS results indicated a higher concentration of the CoMoS phase than at a higher ratio.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document