The Value of Ultrasonography Screening Trisomy 21 during the Second and Third Trimesters of Gestation

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 1581-1584
Author(s):  
Yu Ping Pan
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
The Relationship

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonography screening trisomy 21during the second and third trimesters. Methods Amniocentesis and cordocentesis were performed on 3110 and 187pregnant women respectively with indications for prenatal diagnosis to detect karyotype of the fetus during second trimester and late pregnancy, The detection rate of trisomy 21 was compared in pregnant women of different indications. To analyze the relationship between the ultrasonography abnormalities and trisomy 21. Results In chromosomal karyotypes analysis of 3110 pregnant women by amniocentesis, 41 trisomy 21 were detected, The detection rate of trisomy 21 was 1.32%. There were 98 in 3110 pregnant women with ultrasonography abnormalities, 6 trisomy 21 were found within them and the detection rate was 6.12%, the detection rate of trisomy 21 detected by ultrasound (6.12% ) was higher than the Down,s syndrome high risk group (0.98%), advanced age group (0.58%) Within 187 pregnant women of chromosomal karyotypes analysis by cordocentesis, 9 trisomy 21 were detected and the detection rate of trisomy 21 was 4.81% . There were 128 in 187 pregnant women with ultrasonography abnormalities, 5 trisomy 21 were found within them and the detection rate of trisomy 21 was 3.91% . (P<0. 05). Conclusions During the second and third trimesters, ultrasonography has great value .

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF PREECLAMPSIA IN WOMEN WITH MULTIPLE PREGNANCY AFTER ASSISTED REPRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Tamara G. Romanenko ◽  
Olha M. Sulimenko
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Second Trimester

The aim: To reduce the frequency and severity of preeclampsia, to improve obstetrical and perinatal outcomes in women with multiple pregnancy after assisted reproduction by the development and implementation of the preventive algorithm with biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction prospective analysis. Materials and methods: Clinical and laboratory prospective analysis of 54 cases of twins in women, treated from infertility with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), using the method of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and frozen embryos transfer, have been made. It was proven, that women with multiple pregnancy are always in a high risk group of placental dysfunction (PD) and preeclampsia (PE). Depending on the treatment algorithm and preventive measures, 2 groups of patients were formed. Group I included 29 pregnant women with twins, managed in accordance with developed recommendations. We didn’t find evidence-based European guidelines, that would recommend routine prescription of progesterone to improve chorion invasion and further placentation in such group of patients, but in order to prevent endothelial dysfunction and to decrease the incidence and severity of preeclampsia, placental abnormalities and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), we proposed the following algorithm: – micronized progesterone 200 mg vaginally (PV), as soon as pregnancy was diagnosed by positive hCG-test, till 16 weeks of pregnancy, angioprotector diosmin 600 mg once daily orally (PO), 2 courses: from 8 till 12 and from 16 till 20 weeks of gestation, antiaggregant – acetylsalicylic acid 150 mg from 12 till 36 weeks of gestation. Group II included 25 pregnant women with twins after the same ART procedures, who have not received above mentioned treatment. Plasma concentrations of PlGF, sFlt-1 and the ratio of sFlt-1/PlGF in the second trimester were investigated in both groups of women in order to assess the effectiveness of proposed preventive measures. Results: Usage of preventive algorithm has shown the reduction of PE incidences in 26%, PD in 28.1%, IUGR in 35%, prematurity by 23% and fetal distress in 18%, that led to improvement of obstetrical and perinatal outcomes in I group of women with multiple pregnancies after ART-treated infertility, compared with group II (p<0.05). The evaluation of PlGF, sFlt-1 plasma concentrations and the ratio of sFlt-1/PlGF in the second trimester of pregnancy reflected the effectiveness of our method in women with twins after ART. The level of PlGF in the study group was higher (186.5 ± 12 vs 154.2 ± 10.7; p<0.05), and the level of sFlt-1 was lower (1523.1 ± 40.3 vs 1835.3 ± 33.6; p <0.05). Results of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio analysis in the I group also showed effectiveness of the method proposed (20.3 ± 3.1 vs 28.1 ± 2.2; p<0.05). Conclusions: The observed results suggest, that pregnant women with twins after ART-treated infertility are in a high-risk group of PE, PD and IUGR of one or both fetuses. Implementation of the proposed preventive algorithm allows to reduce the incidence of PE, obstetrical and perinatal complications in this group of patients, and can be widely used in clinical practice. Evaluation and prospective assessment of biochemical markers, such as PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PIGF ratio, in the second trimester of pregnancy in the target groups may likely predict the development of PE and its severity.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Pregnant Women regarding HIV/AIDS

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Pandey
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

A descriptive study was conducted with the purpose of assessing the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among the pregnant women in antenatal clinic of Bir Hospital, Kathmandu. Sixty pregnant women were selected using non- probability purposive sampling technique. A pretested Nepali version semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect the data from them. Ethical consideration was maintained throughout the study. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The data are presented in different tables. Findings related to socio-demographic characteristics revealed that half (50%) percent of the respondents belonged to the age of 20-24years. Majority (88.3%) of the respondents were literate and (85%) of them belonged to Hindu religion. Findings showed that (90%) of respondents have heard about HIV/AIDS. The most common sources of information of HIV/AIDS were Television (77.8%), Radio (75%) and newspapers (66.7%). Regarding transmis­sion of HIV/AIDS, majority (88.9%) knew that HIV/AIDS is transmitted from sexual contact with infected person (81.5%) knew from infected blood transfusion and (70.4%) said from infected mother to child. More than (80%) of respondents said that commercial sex worker and having multiple sex workers were the high risk group for HIV/AIDS. Majority (77.8%) said by avoiding multiple sex partners and (72.2%) being faithful to the partner was the preventive measures of HIV/AIDS. Majority (61%) of respondents did not know the relationship between STI and HIV/AIDS. Majority (68.5%) of respon­dents did not know that there is available of drugs which lengthen the living years of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. Majority 51(98.1%) knew the use of condom is to prevent pregnancy, 44(84.6%) said prevent HIV/AIDS, 29(55.8%) said control STI. Although majority of the respondents had knowledge regarding the high risk group, mode of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, some lacking areas has been identified that majority of the respondents were not aware about the the relationship between STI and HIV/AIDS. They also lacked awareness that use of condom controls STI and about avail­ability of drug which prevents progression of HIV infection. On the basis of finding, it is concluded that health education and awareness programme should be planned to women attending the antenatal clinic to enhance their knowledge on HIV/AIDS prevention and management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i3.8632 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(3): 18-21

scholarly journals Screening for Coxiella burnetii infection during pregnancy: pros and cons according to the Wilson and Jungner criteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Munster ◽  
L M Steggerda ◽  
A C Leenders ◽  
J G Aarnoudse ◽  
E Hak
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Pros And Cons

In Europe the incidence of human Q fever has dramatically increased over the previous years. Untreated infections with Coxiella burnetii, the causal agent of Q fever, have been associated with both obstetric and maternal complications. The majority of pregnant women with a C. burnetii infection remain asymptomatic, hence screening could be of value to prevent unwanted outcomes in this high-risk group. We applied the updated Wilson and Jungner criteria to review the evidence for routine screening for C. burnetii infection during pregnancy. Since much uncertainty remains about the incidence, clinical consequences, diagnostics and treatment of C. burnetii infection during pregnancy, routine screening for C. burnetii infection during pregnancy should not be recommended. Rigorous studies to assess the effectiveness of C. burnetii screening are warranted.

scholarly journals Arrangement of risk group with congenital fetus pathology using artificial neural nets

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
O. S. Philippov ◽  
A. A. Kazantseva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Artificial Neural Nets ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Numeric Scale

The aim of the study is the evaluation of the significance of various risk factors for congenital fetus pathology (congenital defect – CD) and the development of risk numeric scale. 424 pregnant women with fetus CD and 520 pregnant women with fetus without congenital defects have been examined. Artificial neural nets have been used for investigation how various factors effect on pregnancy termination. It has been found that the important factors for congenital fetus defect risk are: age younger 18 years of an pregnant women, age older 35 years, noncarring of pregnancy in anamnesis, complicated clinical course of the first pregnancy trimester, CD cases in a family, ultrasonic markers of chromosome pathology in the first pregnancy trimester. Changes in maternal serum AFP, hCG and uE3 levels and blood flow disorders are important to forming high risk group. A numeric scale for CD risk has been developed on the basis of neuronic net analysis.

OP03.10: Prenatal diagnosis vs 1st trimester screening of Trisomy 21 among pregnant women aged 35 or more

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (S1) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
T. Ghi ◽  
T. Arcangeli ◽  
F. Ravennati ◽  
G. Salsi ◽  
E. Montaguti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Trimester Screening

Language Development in 2-Year-Old Normal and Risk Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-986
Author(s):  
Judith Zarin-Ackerman ◽  
Michael Lewis ◽  
John M. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Group A ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Early Trauma

A variety of language measures was obtained on two groups of 2-year-old infants matched for social class but differing in terms of birth conditions. One group, a high risk group, contained infants who suffered from RDS, birth asphyxia, hypercalcemia, and hyperglycemia while another group consisted of normal infants. The results of the language tests revealed that the high risk group showed poorer performance than the normal subjects. Other tests of perceptual-cognitive development revealed little difference between the groups. The data suggest that the assessment of early trauma needs to employ a variety of measures, especially those which are related to the unfolding skills appropriate for the particular age group studied.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: targeted antenatal screening for haemoglobinopathies in Basel

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e035735
Author(s):  
Gabriela Amstad Bencaiova ◽  
Franziska Geissler ◽  
Irene Hoesli
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pregnancy Cohort ◽  
Haemoglobin Variant ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

PurposeThe pregnancy cohort was established to examine the prevalence and variety of haemoglobinopathies in a high-risk group of pregnant women.ParticipantsThe pregnancy cohort is located in the Department of Obstetrics and Antenatal Care, University Hospital of Basel. The pregnant women were recruited in the first trimester between June 2015 and May 2019. Family origin questionnaires were used to screen pregnant women for the risk of a haemoglobin variant. Based on the questionnaire, pregnant women were divided into two groups: women with a high risk and women with a low risk of a haemoglobin variant. In women with a high risk, red blood cell indices, iron status and chromatography were conducted.Findings to date1785 pregnant women were recruited. Out of the 1785 women, 929 were identified as a part of the high-risk group. Due to the missing data of 74 pregnant women with a high risk, the final analysis was conducted in the remaining 855 women. The prevalence of haemoglobinopathies in the high-risk group was 14.5% (124/855).Future plansThis cohort will be used to: (1) implement the screening in prenatal care in Basel; (2) recommend the screening among pregnant women with a high risk of a haemoglobin variant in Switzerland; (3) improve prenatal and neonatal care in patients with a haemoglobin variant; (4) examine adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with a haemoglobin variant and (5) reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the future.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04029142).

Safety and Efficacy of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Pregnant Women at Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Prospective Stratified Multicentre Trial.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 715-715
Author(s):  
Rupert M. Bauersachs ◽  
Joachim Dudenhausen ◽  
Andree Faridi ◽  
Thorsten Fischer ◽  
Samson Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
At Deficiency ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Heparin Prophylaxis

Abstract Women with a history of VTE, thrombophilia or both are at increased risk for VTE during pregnancy, but the optimal management strategy, and the need for thromboprophylaxis is not well defined in clinical guidelines because of limited trial data. The EThIG (Efficacy of Thromboprophylaxis as an Intervention during Gravidity) is a multicenter trial that prospectively enrolled 810 pregnant women at risk of VTE. Women were assigned to one of 3 management strategies: Low risk group I (including women with prior secondary VTE, or asymptomatic thrombophilia) with “watchful waiting” management, and dalteparin prophylaxis postpartum (50–100 IU/kg), or earlier if additional risk factors occurred; high risk group II (e.g. idiopathic VTE or symptomatic thrombophilia) receiving 50–100 IU/kg dalteparin; and very high-risk group III (e.g. acute VTE, prior long-term OAC, symptomatic AT-deficiency or antiphospholipid syndrome), receiving 100–200 IU/kg dalteparin. Primary efficacy outcome measure was symptomatic VTE, main safety outcome measures were haemorrhages, osteoporosis, thromboctopenia and pregnancy outcome. Results (mean ± SD / 95% CI): 810 women (age 30.8±5.4 years, weight 73.6±16.1kg) were enrolled, 28 % in group I, 58 % in II and 14% in III, including 66 women with acute VTE. 60.1% had prior VTE, 75.4% had thrombophilia (42.1 % FV-Leiden, 2.1 % homozygous, 9.5 % FII G20210A, 4.1% PC-, 1 % AT-deficiency; 17.4 % APS). 35.8 % had previous miscarriage, still birth or physical malformation. Comorbid conditions included lupus erythematosus, liver transplantation, ventricular septum defect, paraplegia, hepatitis C, nephrotic syndrome, asthma, chronic haemolytic anaemia, thalassaemia, osteoporosis and thrombocytopaenia. Median treatment initiation was at 17.0 weeks, at 24.0 weeks in group I, 14.5 weeks in group II and 16.0 weeks for group III. Mean daily dose was 66.2 ± 22.5 IU per kg (group I), 76.8 ± 24.1 IU per kg (group II) and 120.0 ± 49.1 IU per kg (group III). Objectively confirmed, symptomatic VTE occurred in 5 of 810 women (0.6%;0.2–1.5%). The rate of serious bleeding was 3.0% (1.9–4.4%), 0.9% (0.3–1.8%) occurred in the antepartum period, 2.1% (1.3–3.4%) peri-partum;1.1% (0.5–2.2%) was possibly heparin-related. There was no evidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and one case of osteoporosis (fracture of the saccygous bone during delivery). There were 94.4% successful pregnancies, 40 foetuses (4.9%; 3.6–6.7%) were lost due to miscarriage, 7 due to elective termination. Risk-stratified heparin prophylaxis was associated with a low incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism and few clinically important adverse events. Antepartum heparin prophylaxis is warranted in pregnant women with prior idiopathic thrombosis or symptomatic thrombophilia.

scholarly journals Determining fetal sex in pregnancy with reference to pregnant women behavior in late pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
Dorota Robak-Chołubek ◽  
Gustaw Chołubek ◽  
Ewa Piróg
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emotional Level ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction. Pregnant women often create their own image of a child. The ultrasound is able to model and modify this picture. The image of the unborn child develops along with the process of creating the space for the baby on the psychological and emotional level and is continued after the delivery. Aim. The authors of the study made an attempt to evaluate the influence of fetal sex determination during ultrasound in pregnancy on emotional and ‘practical’ experiencing late pregnancy - after the 28th week of its duration. Material and methods. The study included 200 pregnant women. Qualification criteria for the research was the declared awareness of fetal sex confirmed by ultrasound. Among others, factors influencing decision to determine fetal sex, emotional bond with the unborn child after identifying the sex, as well as preparation for birth regarding prognosticated sex were assessed. Results. Nearly all pregnant women wanted to find out the fetal sex, usually claiming that they did so out of curiosity. After they did it, about 2/3 of them stated that the emotional bond with the baby increased and the vast majority of women started preparing layettes for their future babies. Conclusions. Determination of fetal sex during ultrasound improves the relationship between the mother and her future baby. It also enables the woman to prepare for childbirth considering its sex by the purchase of clothes, pram and preparation of layette or baby’s room

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