The Mechanism Research of Host Resistance Enhanced by the Composite Mycorrhizal Fungi under Water Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zhi Yong Wang ◽  
Guo Ying Zhou ◽  
Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Mechanism Research ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

The mechanism of resistance enhanced by composite endomycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fertilizers under stresses had been studied. The results showed that under water stress, the seedling height, ground diameter, aboveground and underground dry weight, relative water content, WUEof WS+F treatment group were higher than that of WS+NF treatment group, to which were respectively higher 55.09%, 59.22%, 29.98%, 75%, 26.49%、142.86%. The RWD, Pro and MDA content of the inoculation of composite mycorrhizal fungi treatment under the stresses were all significantly decreased. In the aspect of antioxidant enzymes activity, SOD, CAT and POD activity of WS+F treatment group increased than that of WS+NF treatment group to 13.45%、59.88%、45.58%. Because of the series responses of Chinese fir seedling inoculated with the composite mycorrhizal fungi, which were benefit for promoting growth, improving water use efficiency, improving the physicochemical character of soil, etc, the resistance of plant had been improved to stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress and Modern Biostimulants on Growth and Quality Characteristics of Mint

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Eman A. Mahmoud ◽  
Diaa O. El-Ansary ◽  
Mohamed A. Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Natural biostimulants combine different elicitors that may influence economic properties of herbal crops, such as mint. Mint (Mentha longifolia L.) plants were subjected to three water levels based on container substrate capacity (CSC; 100% CSC, 70% CSC, and 50% CSC) and/or applications of four biostimulants (CRADLE™, Mobilizer™, Nanozim De’Lite™ [ND], and Nanozim NXT™ [NN]). ND and NN exhibited higher vegetative growth and root dry weight than the control (without biostimulants) and other treatments. NN produced the highest fresh and dry mint yields under all water levels. Irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) of NN was highest (2.78 kg m−3) with 70% CSC, whereas the control produced the lowest IWUE (1.85 kg m−3) with 100% CSC. Biostimulants boosted physiological and metabolic responses, including gas exchange, leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline accumulation of stressed plants. NN treatment with 70% CSC had the highest essential oil (EO) ratio (3.35%). Under 70% and 50% CSC with NN treatment, the proportion of 1,8-cineol increased and that of pulegone decreased in EOs. Increased antioxidant activities, reduced H2O2 levels, and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed. Applications of ND and NN during water stress conditions increased economic and medicinal properties of mint EOs with applications in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta G. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

Effect of water stress on growth, water use efficiency and gas exchange as related to osmotic adjustment of two halophytes Atriplex spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumelkheir Belkheiri ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Atriplex halimus L. is known in the Mediterranean basin and along the coastal areas of Sardinia for its adaptability to salinity, although less information is available on the resistance of this species to water stress in absence of salinity. The effect of water stress on growth and water utilisation was investigated in two Atriplex species: A. halimus originating of south Sardinian island and the exotic species Atriplex nummularia Lindl., originating in Australia and widely used in land restoration of arid areas. Water stress was applied to young plants growing in 20 L pots with a sufficient water reserve to store a potentially sufficient water reserve to maintain substrate near to field capacity (30%) between irrigations. Watering was at 70% (control) or 40% (stress) of field capacity. In order to simulate the grazing by livestock, four plant biomass cuttings were conducted at times T0, T1, T2 and T3, corresponding to one cutting at the end of well watered phase (T0) before water stress induction, two cuttings after cycles of 5 weeks each during full summer (T1) and late summer (T2) and one cutting during autumn (T3). All plants remained alive until the end of treatment although growth was strongly reduced. Leaf dry weight (DW) and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined for all cuttings; relative water content (RWC), turgid weight : dry weight ratio (TW : DW), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), CO2 assimilation, osmotic adjustment (OA), abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar accumulation were determined for the late summer cutting at T2. Water stress induced a decrease in DW, RWC, Ψw, Ψs, TW : DW and CO2 assimilation for both species, but an increase in WUE expressed in terms of dry matter production and a high accumulation of ABA and total sugars mainly for A. halimus. This suggests a more developed adaptive mechanism in this selection. Indeed, the clone was selected from the southern part of the island, where natural populations of saltbush are more exposed to abiotic stresses, mainly the water stress generated not by salinity. A. nummularia showed a greater OA and a positive net solute accumulation as than A. halimus, suggesting that water stress resistance in A. halimus is linked to a higher WUE rather than a greater osmotic adjustment.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic acclamatory response of Panicum antidotale Retz. populations to root zone desiccation stress

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Javed ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
H. Bano ◽  
N. Hussain ◽  
A. Ghaffar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Psii Activity ◽  
Cholistan Desert ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Panicum Antidotale

Abstract Growth of plants is severely reduced due to water stress by affecting photosynthesis including photosystem II (PSII) activity and electron transport. This study emphasised on comparative and priority targeted changes in PSII activity due to progressive drought in seven populations of Panicum antidotale (P. antidotale) collected from Cholistan Desert and non-Cholistan regions. Tillers of equal growth of seven populations of P. antidotale grown in plastic pots filled with soil were subjected progressive drought by withholding water irrigation for three weeks. Progressive drought reduced the soil moisture content, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and fresh and dry biomass of shoots in all seven populations. Populations from Dingarh Fort, Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had higher growth than those of other populations. Cholistani populations especially in Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had greater ability of osmotic adjustment as reflected by osmotic potential and greater accumulation of total soluble proteins. Maximum H2O2 under water stress was observed in populations from Muzaffargarh and Khanewal but these were intermediate in MDA content. Under water stress, populations from Muzaffargarh and Dingarh Fort had greater K+ accumulation in their leaves. During progressive drought, non-Cholistani populations showed complete leaf rolling after 23 days of drought, and these populations could not withstand with more water stress condition while Cholistani populations tolerated more water stress condition for 31 days. Moreover, progressive drought caused PSII damages after 19 days and it became severe after 23 days in non-Cholistani populations of P. antidotale than in Cholistani populations.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Ertran Yildirim ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Ayla Gür
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper.  There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important.  The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and  plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively.  In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.

Differential responses of accessions of native Australian Nicotiana species to water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam ◽  
Michael G. K. Jones ◽  
Stephen J. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nicotiana Species ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water

Thirty-two accessions of four Nicotiana species (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin, Nicotiana occidentalis H.-M.Wheeler, Nicotiana simulans N. Burb. and Nicotiana umbratica N.T.Burb.) collected from wild plants in northern Australia were assessed for responses to water stress. Under moderate water stress conditions, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, and relative water content of leaves were significantly affected. However, the degree to which the accessions were affected varied considerably. Some accessions of N. simulans, N. benthamiana and N. occidentalis were significantly more affected by water stress than others. There was significant variation between accessions in leaf and shoot tip wilting times. Initial symptom expression (leaf wilting) was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana, and in one accession of N. umbratica. The least water stress tolerant lines, two accessions each of N. benthamiana, N. occidentalis and N. simulans, exhibited advanced symptoms of water stress (shoot tip wilting) within 14–17 days of cessation of watering. This stage was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana and two accessions N. occidentalis and one accession of each of N. simulans and N. umbratica, which showed tip wilting only after 21–24 days. There were variations among the accessions of same Nicotiana species on their tolerance to water stress. Plant responses to water stress could not be predicted from their plant biomass and leaf relative water content under well-watered conditions. Leaf chlorophyll content was variable under water stress, but did not correlate with water stress tolerance.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON OKRA YIELD AT VEGETATIVE STAGE

Agric ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Farhan Ahmad Abdulrahman ◽  
Hawrez Ali Nadir
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Response Factor ◽  
Different Levels

This study was conducted in Technical College of Applied Sciences, Sulaimany Polytechnic University, during 2017. Different levels of irrigation were used to production of okra plant. Complete Randomize Design used to layout of the experiment, with three level of irrigation in four replications. Yield, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, yield response factor and different levels of irrigation were observed. The highest yield was given from treatment T1 (3.17 t/ha.) and the lowest was given from T3 (2.988 t/ha.). Also, the maximum fresh weight and dry weight of plant were given from T1 (61.40, 11.218 t/ha.), and their minimum was given from treatment T3 (57.00, 8.783 t/ha.). The highest water use efficiency and harvest index were obtained from T3 (1.615 kg.m-3, 0.095), and the lowest was given from treatment T1 (1.055 kg.m-3, 0.094). The crop response factor and the results in this study showed that the okra plants have a good response of water stress.  As a result, we can recommend cultivating the okra at that time without irrigation in that region. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) on Vitis vinifera under Low Irrigation Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fattahi ◽  
S. Nasrollahpourmoghadam ◽  
A. Mohammadkhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Water Limitation

Background: Grapevine is an important perennial crop worldwide, consumed as fresh or dried (raisins) fruit. Grapevines are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses during their growth. Water shortage is one of the primary stressors and severely restricts the development of the grape industry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a kind of beneficial soil microorganism, can create a symbiotic association with plant roots forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs), which play a role in the regulation of plant growth. Methods: This research was accomplished in order to investigate the effect of 4 species mycorrhizal fungi on grapevine ‘Asgari’ cultivar under water stress conditions. We use of 3 irrigation regime that consist: 100% (as control), 70 and 40 % of field capacity. As well as, mycorrhizal treatments include: non-use of mycorrhizal (NM) and use of mycorrhiza (M) (Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum and G. verciform). Result: The results indicated that shoot and root dry weight, pigments (total chlorophyll and carotenoids), relative water content (RWC), P, Mg2+ and Ca2+ under water limitation decreased but electrolyte leakage (EL), proline and total soluble sugars (TSS) increased chlorophyll content, RWC and nutrient (P, K+ and Ca2+) in M plants was higher than NM plants. Generally, the use of mycorrhiza fungi in this experiment reduced the harmful effects of water stress. Our results shown that G. verciform and G. etunicatum were better for symbiosis with “Asgari” grapevine under water limitation.

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