Characterization of Geopolymer Composite via Filament Winding

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Winding Machine

Generally, the composite pipes are fabricated using glass fiber and polyester resin matrix by hand lay-up and also by 2-axis filament winding machine. In this work, a filament winding machine was used for the fabrication of geopolymer composites pipes. In this study, raw material based geopolymer resin composites reinforced by continuous glass fiber were used for fabrication and synthesized by different types of raw materials which is fly ash, silica sand, white clay, kaolin and pozzolanic. The effects of different types of raw materials on the product were investigated. The morphological properties, density and burnout of the resulting composite were determined on an optical microscope for morphology and densimeter for bulk density. The results shows fly ash has the higher density compare to the others and kaolin has the highest reduction of weight percentage.

Production of Fiber Glass Reinforced Geopolymer Composite Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali ◽  
Hussin Kamarudin ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Composite Pipes ◽  
White Clay ◽  
Clay Kaolin

A filament winding system was developed for manufacturing various types of fiber/cement composite materials. In general, filament winding is a very popular method to produce composite parts which are axisymmetric such as composite pipes, tubes, tanks, cylinders, spheres that are fabricated using filament winding technique. In this study, raw material based geopolymer resin composites reinforced by continuous glass fiber were used for fabrication and synthesized by different types of raw materials which is fly ash, silica sand, white clay, kaolin and pozzolonic. The effects of different types of raw materials on the product were investigated. The compressive properties of the resulting composite were determined on an Instron Universal Testing under compression mode and the results shows white clay for vertical position gives the highest strength.

Microstructure Studies on Different Types of Geopolymer Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri ◽  
Md Tahir Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandhu ◽  
A. Alida ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alkaline Activator

Geopolymer is a new binding material produced to substitute the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) function as a binder in concrete. As we know, different types of geopolymer will have different properties. In this research, the different types of geopolymer raw materials had been studied in term of microstructure. Different type of materials which is fly ash (class F) and kaolin had been mixed with alkaline solution consist of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide with suitable geopolymer raw material to alkaline activator and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios. The geopolymer samples with different types of raw material were then cured at a temperature 70°C for 24 hr and maintained at room temperature until the testing was conducted. After the geopolymers were aged for seven days, the testing was conducted.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽  
Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽  
Kiki Nurwanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DARI PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PEMBUATAN SEMEN PCC (PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT) DI PT SEMEN XYZ LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Septiyana Sari ◽  
◽  
Susanti Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study discusses the use of fly ash waste from coal burning on the manufacture of PCC (Portland composite cement) at PT. XYZ Lampung. The purpose of this research is to look at the technical studies and the efficiency of raw materials in the use of fly ash in cement making, in this case PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement). The steps taken in analyzing the data in this study were viewed from a technical aspect by means of a physical test, namely the cement compressive strength test at the age of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days using the Compression Testing Machine. This test was conducted to see the comparison of the compressive strength of PCC cement using limestone and fly ash as raw materials, then calculate the difference in raw material costs in the year before and after the replacement of limestone with fly ash. The results showed that cement with the addition of fly ash after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days had an increased compressive strength value, which increased 21.69%, 16.07% and 8.05% respectively of the compressive strength of cement using limestone. The use of fly ash as a substitute for limestone has an effect on the cost of raw materials, where the difference between the cost of raw materials in 2019 and the cost of raw materials in 2018 is Rp. 39,440,952,074.

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

Fabrication of Porous SiC/SiAlON Composites Using Semi Coke and Fly Ash as Raw Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wen Duan ◽  
Rong Zhen Liu ◽  
Hai Yun Jin ◽  
Jian Feng Yang ◽  
Zhi Hao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coke Content ◽  
Porous Sic ◽  
Median Pore

Porous SiC/SiAlON ceramics were fabricated by carbothermal reduction method from raw materials of fly ash and semi coke in nitrogen atmosphere. The results showed that composites were composed by multi-structure of SiC, Ca-SiAlON and AlN phases. With the increase of semi coke contents, the contents of Ca-Sialon increased. The fracture mode of this material was intergranular. The results also showed that micro area hereditary of semi coke particles was observed in the morphology of this material. The morphology of this material was composed by nanosized SiC and plate like Ca-SiAlON. The median pore diameter was affected by the contents of semi coke and increased with the increase of semi coke content.

Effect of Borax on Lightweight Material from Cullet and Fly Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthima Sriprasertsuk ◽  
Phatthiya Suwannason ◽  
Wanna T. Saengchantara
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Heat Process ◽  
Lightweight Material

This work investigated the recycling of fly ash waste and cullet as the raw materials for lightweight bodies produced by heat treatment and using sodium silicate as the binder. Borax was mixed with fly ash and cullet, and put into the block in dimension 10x10x2 cm3. The lightweight materials thus produced were then sintered at temperature of 800 °C. Density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were determined. Borax showed a positive sintering effect on the porosity of lightweight material during the heat process. The compressive strength of lightweight material diminished with the reduction of density and thermal conductivity. Lightweight material manufactured with borax showed the lower density and thermal conductivity accompanied by the higher compressive strength. The test results indicated that using fly ash and cullet as the raw material with borax could obtain the lightweight material, thus enhancing the possibility of its reuse in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals Production, characterization and mechanical properties of Solid form geopolymeric binder- via mechanochemical route using class-F fly ash.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH KUSHWAH ◽  
Manish Mudgal ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Chouhan ◽  
Avanish Kumar Srivast
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Precast Construction ◽  
Class F Fly Ash ◽  
Solid Form

Abstract Here, we developed Solid form geopolymeric binder, the reaction between aluminosilicate material and dry chemicals i.e. fly ash with sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate by ball milling for 6 hrs. to make in solid form.. Mechanochemical ball milling of raw material causes a solid-state reaction between raw materials and form solid form geopolymeric precursor which requires the addition of water to make Solid form geopolymeric binder. This geopolymer has been characterized by different characterizing techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDAX, and evaluated for compressive, flexure, and split tensile strength. In our results, we had achieved a compressive strength of 55.4 MPa, flexure strength of 5.38 MPa, and split tensile strength of 3.9 MPa after 28 days of testing. Solid form geopolymers have overcome the handling and hazards difficulties, which is associated with the conventional route. So now it is possible to use Solid form geopolymeric binder as general building construction and in-situ application for construction industry, which were limited to precast construction work by conventional geopolymer route.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF VINEGARS PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN MOLDOVA

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Alina Boistean ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Balsamic Vinegar

Vinegar is one of the oldest fermented products in the world and its production dates back to around 2000 BC. It is a liquid fermentation product that consists from 4% to 9% acetic acid, which is commonly used and consumed globally, either directly or as a condiment in food. It is produced by two-stage fermentation systems, i.e., the alcoholic fermentation of sugary substrates and subsequently, the acetous fermentation (oxidation) of the ethanol into acetic acid. There are numerous different types of vinegars produced worldwide based on the raw material and the production method used. Among all the vinegars available, the most common types of vinegar, produced in different parts of the world, and including some top-quality famous products, are “cider vinegar,” “balsamic vinegar,” “wine vinegar,” “rice vinegar,” and “malt vinegar.” Tropical fruit vinegars and vinegars made from any kind of agricultural surpluses are also available. The different raw materials and the methods used for the production of the different types of vinegars lead to a variety of products with distinctive characteristics. In this paper, definitions, local market and legislation and current trends in vinegar production are briefly highlighted and discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Composition Type and Activator on Fly Ash-Based Alkali Activated Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Chan-Yi Lin ◽  
Tai-An Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

The compressive strengths of fly ash-based alkali-activated materials (AAM), produced using various activators of only sodium hydroxide, were measured. Fly ash-based AAM specimens, produced by mixing different kinds of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFs) with an activator containing only sodium hydroxide, were cured at ambient temperature, and then placed in air for different numbers of days. The short- and long-term compressive strengths and shrinkage of fly ash-based AAM were measured and compared to one another. The effects of type of fly ash, alkali-equivalent content, GGBFs replace percentage, and ages on the compressive strengths and shrinkage of fly ash-based AAM were investigated. Even when different fly ash was used as the raw material for AAM, a similar compressive strength can be achieved by alkali-equivalent content, GGBFs replaces percentage. However, the performance of shrinkage due to different types of fly ash differed significantly.

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