The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

scholarly journals Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Dissolving Pulp Serat Panjang dari Bambu Duri (Bambusa blumeana)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Apriana Purwita ◽  
Susi Sugesty
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Long Fibers

Preparation and Characterization of Long Fiber Dissolving Pulp from Spiny Bamboo (Bambusa blumeana)The need for long fiber dissolving pulp in Indonesia can only be met from imports. Bamboo is a nonwood plant and known as source of long fiber. This research aims to study the potential of spiny bamboo to be used as raw material for producing long fiber dissolving pulp. This research was conducted using two different types of raw materials preparation to produce bamboo chip and decorticated bamboo. The pulping process is carried out by pre-hydrolysis kraft and bleaching performed with two different bleaching sequences, i.e Do ED1 D2 and Do EpD1 D2 . Based on the experimental results, spiny bamboo has good potential to be used as raw material for dissolving pulp. Spiny bamboo belongs to long fibers with an average fiber length of 2.46 mm. The dissolving quality depends on the preparation of the raw material and the bleaching sequence. The yield of spiny bamboo dissolving pulp ranged from 37.97 - 40.76% with alpha cellulose content of 94.88 - 98.67%, and viscosity of 16.43 - 25.75 cP. Decorticated bamboo with bleaching sequence of Do EpD1 D2 produced the highest quality of dissolving pulp with the highest brightness and alpha cellulose were 89.61% ISO and 98.67%, respectively.AbstrakKebutuhan dissolving pulp serat panjang di Indonesia hanya dapat dipenuhi melalui impor. Bambu adalah tanaman nonkayu dan dikenal sebagai sumber serat panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi bambu duri untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp serat panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua jenis persiapan bahan baku yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan serpih bambu dan bambu dekortikasi. Proses pemasakan dilakukan dengan proses pra-hidrolisis kraft dan pemutihan dilakukan dengan dua urutan pemutihan yang berbeda, yaitu  DoED1D2 dan DoEpD1D2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bambu duri memiliki potensi yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp. Bambu duri tergolong serat panjang dengan panjang serat rata-rata 2,46 mm. Kualitas dissolving pup yang dihasilkan tergantung dari persiapan bahan baku dan urutan pemutihan. Rendemen dissolving pulp bambu duri berkisar 37,97 - 40,76%, dengan kandungan selulosa alfa 94,88 - 98,67%, dan viskositas 16,43 - 25,75 cP. Bambu dekortikasi dengan urutan pemutihan DoEpD1D2 menghasilkan dissolving pulp paling unggul dengan derajat cerah dan selulosa alfa tertinggi berturut-turut 89,61 %ISO dan 98,67%.Kata kunci: dissolving pulp, bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana), serpih bambu, bambu dekortikasi, prahidrolisis kraft 

scholarly journals Methanol in Grape Derived, Fruit and Honey Spirits: A Critical Review on Source, Quality Control, and Legal Limits

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Goreti Botelho ◽  
Ofélia Anjos ◽  
Letícia M. Estevinho ◽  
Ilda Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Spirits are alcoholic beverages commonly consumed in European countries. Their raw materials are diverse and include fruits, cereals, honey, sugar cane, or grape pomace. The main aim of this work is to present and discuss the source, quality control, and legal limits of methanol in spirits produced using fruit and honey spirits. The impact of the raw material, alcoholic fermentation, and the distillation process and aging process on the characteristics and quality of the final distilled beverage are discussed. In addition, a critical view of the legal aspects related to the volatile composition of these distillates, the origin and presence of methanol, and the techniques used for quantification are also described. The methanol levels found in the different types of spirits are those expected based on the specific raw materials of each and, almost in all studies, respect the legal limits.

Mathematical fundamentals of the method of identification of metal inclusions in raw materials with automatic determination of their coordinates

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Leonid Zamikhovskyi ◽  
Ivan Levitskyi ◽  
Mykola Nykolaychuk ◽  
Yuriy Striletskyi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Automatic Determination ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Excitation Coil

The article deals with the actual problem of theoretical substantiation of the method of identification (diagnosis) of metal inclusions (hereinafter referred to as metal inclusions) in bulk raw materials under the conditions of a conveyor belt. The presence of metal inclusions in the raw material transported by the conveyor belt can lead to both emergencies and deterioration in the quality of the output product. The identification method provides for diagnosing the presence of metal inclusions, determining its dimensions, type of metal and coordinates relative to the cross-section of the conveyor belt. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the method for identifying metal inclusions based on a scanning signal and an additional excitation coil are considered. A mathematical model has been developed for determining the position of metal inclusions on a conveyor belt relative to a line perpendicular to the axis between two excitation coils, including two trajectories for determining coordinates for three excitation coils and two receiving coils.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Amiodarone Hydrochloride and Related Compounds in Raw Materials and Tablets

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline M Lacrok ◽  
Norman M Curran ◽  
Wing-Wah Sy ◽  
Dennis K J Goreck ◽  
Pierre Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Amiodarone Hydrochloride ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of amiodarone hydrochloride and 10 related compounds in drug raw material and for assay of drug in tablets was developed. The method specifies a 3 jxm Hypersil nitrile column (150 × 4.6 mm), a mobile phase of 1 + 1 acetonitrile–ammonium acetate buffer (0.1 M adjusted to pH 6.0 with 0.1 M acetic acid), a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detection at 240 nm. The lower limit of quantitation of the related compounds is 0.02% or less. Drug contents in 2 raw material samples were 100.1 and 99.9% and ranged from 98.2 to 99.4% in 3 tablet formulations. Impurity levels in 2 samples of raw material from different manufacturers were ca 0.4%. The presence of 3 of the known related compounds in these samples was confirmed by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. The method applied to raw materials was evaluated by a second laboratory and found to be satisfactory.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE METHOD OF PREPARING TOBACCO LEAVES FOR DRYING ON THE BASIC PARAMETERS OF QUALITY OF TOBACCO RAW MATERIAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Ульянченко
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Basic Parameters

Исследовано влияние приема прорезания средней жилки на основные качественные показатели табачного сырья. Исследования проводили на листьях основных сортотипов табака Трапезонд и Остролист по массовым ломкам. Прорезание жилки осуществляли на инновационном оборудовании экспериментальном образце линии подготовки листьев табака к сушке ЛПТС360 (ВНИИТТИ, Краснодар). Качество табачного сырья с прорезанной жилкой определяли по товарным сортам, технологическим и курительным свойствам, химическому составу по методикам лабораторного контроля ВНИИТТИ. Инновационный способ подготовки табака к сушке в едином потоке с применением технологического оборудования, включающего прорезатель, выявил положительный технологический результат. Установлена эффективность приема прорезания средней жилки: срок естественной сушки листьев с прорезанной жилкой сократился в 2,5 раза выход 1го товарного сорта сырья составил 74,60 87,93 выход волокна сырья с прорезанной жилкой превышает минимальное значение технологических норм (75) в 1,15 1,26 раз условный расход сырья на единицу курительных изделий меньше норматива на 6 25 улучшен основной показатель химического состава табачного сырья (число Шмука) в 1,6 4,6 раза у сортотипа Трапезонд, в 1,2 1,5 раза у сортотипа Остролист дегустационные свойства сырья не ухудшились. Инновационный способ подготовки листьев табака к сушке, включающий прием прорезания средней жилки, рекомендуется для применения в производстве табачного сырья. The influence of middle vein cutting method on the main quality indicators of tobacco raw materials is studied. Studies were carried out on the leaves of the main varieties of tobacco Trapezond and Ostrolist, on mass breakdowns. Vein cutting was carried out on the innovative equipment of the line of preparation of tobacco leaves for drying LPTS360 (GNU VNIITTI RAA, Krasnodar). The quality of tobacco raw materials with a cut vein was determined by commercial grades, technological and Smoking properties, chemical composition in accordance with the methods VNIITTI. An innovative method of preparing tobacco for drying in a single stream with the use of technological equipment, including a cutter, revealed a positive technological result. The period of natural drying of leaves with cut veins decreased by 2,5 times. The yield of the 1st commercial grade of raw materials was 74,60 87,93. The output of the fiber raw material with cut vein exceeds the minimum value of technological norms (75) in 1,15 1,26 times. Conditional consumption of raw materials per unit of Smoking products is less than the norm by 6 25. The method of cutting the middle vein of the leaves improves the main indicator in the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials (Schmuck ratio) 1,6 4,6 times in the variety Trapezond and 1,2 1,5 times in the variety Ostrolist. The tasting properties of raw materials have not deteriorated. Analysis of raw material quality indicators showed that the innovative method of cutting the middle vein is effective and recommended for use in the production of tobacco raw materials.

scholarly journals pH of exudate test in the physiological quality of crambe seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Zaratin Alves ◽  
Lennis Afraire Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Henrique Queiroz Rego ◽  
Josué Bispo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30

ABSTRACT: Crambe is a rapeseed with high oil content and can be used as a winter cover or as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, however espite the growing interest in the culture, research on the subject is still incipient, especially concerning the seed production and analysis technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, 'FMS Brilhante' cultivar, by testing the pH of exudate. Five seed lots were submitted to the determination of water content and the tests of germination and vigor (first count, emergence and tetrazolium). In the conduction of pH exudate test, temperatures (25 and 30oC), and periods of seed imbibition in water (15, 30 and 45 minutes) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized manner, with four replicates, and the mean values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability; Pearson correlation between the pH of the exudate and initial tests was also made. Testing the pH of exudate is promising for separating lots of crambe seeds and the following combinations of 25°C/30 minutes or 30°C/45 minutes can be used.

scholarly journals Penerapan metode fuzzy sugeno untuk prediksi persediaan bahan baku

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Julio Warmansyah ◽  
Dida Hilpiah
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mean Absolute Percentage Error ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Absolute Percentage Error ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
A Company

 PT. Cahaya Boxindo Prasetya is a company engaged in the manufacture of carton boxes or boxes. The company's activities also include cutting and printing services using machinery and human power. The problem faced in this company is the difficulty of predicting the amount of inventory of raw materials that will be  included in the production. The remaining raw materials for production will be used as the final stock to get the minimum, the goal is to reduce excess stock Overcoming this problem, fuzzy logic is used to predict raw material inventories by focusing on the final stock. In this study using Fuzzy Sugeno, with three input variables, namely: initial inventory, purchase, production, while the output is the final stock. Determination of prediction results using defuzzification using the average concept of MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error). The results obtained, using the Fuzzy Sugeno method can predict the inventory of raw materials with a MAPE value of 38%. 

scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PREPARING FLAX RAW MATERIALS FOR PROCESSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Yu. Вerezovsky ◽  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
M. Yedynovych ◽  
G. Boyko ◽  
N. Lyalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Experimental Researches

The article contains theoretical and experimental researches in the field of the preservation of flax raw material of high moisture content. In the article, factors that are worsening the quality of flax raw material, resulting in non-observance of agrotechnical and technological requirements of preparing, collecting, harvesting the stem material, adverse weather conditions and other factors, are considered. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of preservation agents’ concentrations and of hollow structure device on the quality of flax raw material during long-time storage. In the article, the influence of aqueous preservatives’ concentration, humidity, storage length on the quality of fibrous products, obtained as a result of processing stem material, is analyzed. The influence of the device of hollow structures, as an alternative to preservatives, on the storage process of bast crops stem material was evaluated. The method of flax retted straw storage is described, actions of the main factors influence on the strength of fibers are analyzed. It is demonstrated, that prolongation of flax raw material preservation time can be made by using preservatives without considerable wastes of quality.

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