scholarly journals ASPECTS OF VINEGARS PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN MOLDOVA

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Alina Boistean ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Balsamic Vinegar

Vinegar is one of the oldest fermented products in the world and its production dates back to around 2000 BC. It is a liquid fermentation product that consists from 4% to 9% acetic acid, which is commonly used and consumed globally, either directly or as a condiment in food. It is produced by two-stage fermentation systems, i.e., the alcoholic fermentation of sugary substrates and subsequently, the acetous fermentation (oxidation) of the ethanol into acetic acid. There are numerous different types of vinegars produced worldwide based on the raw material and the production method used. Among all the vinegars available, the most common types of vinegar, produced in different parts of the world, and including some top-quality famous products, are “cider vinegar,” “balsamic vinegar,” “wine vinegar,” “rice vinegar,” and “malt vinegar.” Tropical fruit vinegars and vinegars made from any kind of agricultural surpluses are also available. The different raw materials and the methods used for the production of the different types of vinegars lead to a variety of products with distinctive characteristics. In this paper, definitions, local market and legislation and current trends in vinegar production are briefly highlighted and discussed.

scholarly journals World corn market: analysis, trends and prospects of its deep processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Natalia Tanklevska ◽  
Viktoriia Petrenko ◽  
Alla Karnaushenko ◽  
Kateryna Melnykova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corn Processing

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects of deep processing of corn in Ukraine, taking into account the restraining factors of development, on the basis of the analysis of the state and tendencies of functioning of the world market of corn. Methodology / approach. During the research, general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – in determining the purpose and formulating conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphical ones – in the assessment, analysis, comparison and establishment of patterns of the current state and trends in the production of corn and its deep processing; program-target one – to substantiate the factors of intensification of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Results. The analysis was carried out and tendencies of world corn production were determined. The shares of countries-producers and countries-consumers of corn were calculated; their dynamics of changes were analyzed. Analysis of the dynamics of prices for corn grain on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange indicates that the price of raw materials is gradually declining, so agricultural enterprises that sell corn as a raw material, lose income from its production. The structure of corn use in different directions in the world was analyzed, and the structure of its use in the USA was considered in more detail. Factors of activation of deep processing of corn were identified. In Ukraine, deep grain processing as an industry is just beginning to develop, so it is worth processing corn, based on the experience of leading countries, such as the USA and China. Estimated costs for the construction of a modern plant for deep processing of corn and income from the implementation of this investment project were calculated. Originality/scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the world corn market; economic substantiation of expediency of corn processing in Ukraine; improving the system of factors to intensify the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results of the study is that they will contribute to the formation of the concept of intensifying the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. The main results can be used by agro-industrial enterprises during the development of deep corn processing projects.

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

THE AMBER BRANCH OF UKRAINE: THE ISSUE OF DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
A. Komliev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
The World ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
To Come

In recent years, one of the brands of Ukraine has been amber. This is important for our country, because in the world thefashion for amber jewelry is preserved for centuries. Amber is constantly studied, all its new natural properties, consumerqualities are opened. Amber and products of its processing are now widely used in medicine, pharmaceuticals, perfumery,machine building, chemical, furniture, food improvement, food industry and agriculture. Worldwide the demand for amber raw materials is rising and so are the prices. Today, the industry is rapidly developing in Ukraine ("amber"), which includes theexploration, extraction and processing of amber. The development of the "amber" industry in Ukraine has caused a wholecomplex of interconnected problems. They (as well as the industry as a whole) are now the object of national security of thecountry. The only integrated national development program is one of them.The legislative basis for the development of the amber sphere is generally present in Ukraine, yet the matter of normativelegalhas not been finalized yet. The main issue in the development of the amber sphere in Ukraine is the limitation of the basis ofraw materials. In spite of the great demand and potentially great stock, Ukraine is not ready to access the world marketsascertain significant income in foreign currency. The broadening of the raw material base in the amber sphere is currentlyongoing in Ukraine by extraction in the already known sources and the opening of new ones. The second way is the strategic onewhich will determine the development of the amber sphere for the years to come. Its basis should be formed by the forecastsearching system of amber, the systematic methodology and comprehensive methods of research.

scholarly journals Pooling and Pricing Schemes for Marketing Agricultural Products

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Finkelstain ◽  
Steven Buccola ◽  
Ziv Bar-Shira
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Marketing Firms

In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.

scholarly journals CENTRAL ASIAN REGION AT THE FOCUS OF GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (383) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Z. K. Ayupova ◽  
D. U. Kussainov ◽  
M. T. Beisenbayeva ◽  
Winston Nagan
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

In the XXI century the role of Central Asia in international politics is increasing. This region, possessing rich natural, energy, mineral and raw material resources, has an important geostrategic position, in which we see the geopolitical confrontation of global actors. The confrontation is explained by the fact that, for example, for Russia this region, being a “vulnerable underbelly”, is included in the traditional sphere of influence, from the perspective of China, the region seems to be an alternative source of energy and a vital partner for stabilizing and developing the troubled Xinjiang province. As for the United States and their allies, this region appears to be an important transportation hub, for example, for military supplies to unstable Afghanistan. Central Asia is not only a key region on the world map, the establishment of control over which allows you to manage the regional transit of hydrocarbons and other types of strategic raw materials for the largest developing economies, primarily China, and, as a result, affect their economic growth and aggregate power. Central Asia is a crossroad of civilizations, control over which, as was believed over the centuries, allows you to rule the world. The region retains its exceptional geopolitical significance today.

scholarly journals Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid in Bioadditive Triacetin with Fe2O3/Activated Carbon Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Zahrul Mufrodi ◽  
Shinta Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Mass Spectometry

Esterification and transesterification processes for biodiesel production generate glycerol which is possible to be converted into triacetin. It is an actractive bioadditive for increasing octane number of fuel. The production of this bioadditive in a biodiesel plant also increases the revenue as raw material comes from biodiesel process production as by-product.This study examines the effects of catalyst concentration and temperature on triacetin production using glycerol from esterification process and acetic acid at volume ratio of 1:3 as raw materials. An activated charcoal as catalyst is activated with sulfuric acid at concentration of 2% and 3% (w/w). The esterification temperatures are varied at 90 and 100°C and the reaction time is set for 3 hours. The samples are taken frequently at certain interval times of 15, 30, and 60 minutes for chemical analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectometry. It is observed that using 2% and 3% (w/w) of catalysts at 90°C and 60 minutes reaction time converts 41.037% and 57.441% of glycerol respectively.

Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel, Perbandingan Jumlah Pelarut dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Perolehan Rendemen Aquilaria Malaccensis Lam.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah ◽  
Hasnah Ulia ◽  
Harmiwati N. H
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
Material Preparation

Aquilaria Malaccensis Lam. is one of the most popular plants contains essential oil, both of them used by pharmaceutical and also cosmetic industry. The plants used in this study came from Jambi, Indonesia which is known, It’s one of the best quality agarwood in the world. This study aims to determine the best conditions for the yield so that it can be produced on an industrial scale. The study reviewed the effect of yield based on size of particles, ratio of solvent, and the operating time, maceration. The research was carried out in three steps. The first, raw material preparation, fermentation and maceration, and then evaporation. Preparation of raw materials is prepared in three variables, 2-5 cm, ±2cm, and size <40 mesh. Methanol is the solvent that will be used in multiple ratio of solvent to agarwood, its 1:7, 1:9, and 1:11(gr/ml). In addition, the maceration time was varied for each sample, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days. Based on the research variables, obtained essential oil of agarwood dark brown in colour, with a special fragrance of agarwood. Based on the difference in particle size, it is known that size <40 mesh, yield is 3.16%, while for the larger size, 2-5 cm, the yield is 3.12%. In the variable ratio of the amount of solvent used, it is known that 1:9 (gr/ml) is the best point for yield. At maceration step known that 2-3 days, it doesn’t gives a significant change, 2.12 g for 3 days, and 1.92 g for 2 days.

scholarly journals Chert from the Vegamián Formation: A new raw-material supply source in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain) during prehistory

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Herrero-Alonso ◽  
Antonio Tarriño-Vinagre ◽  
Ana Neira-Campos ◽  
Natividad Fuertes-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Different Types

This work provides the keys to the mineralogical and geochemical characterization of black chert from the Vegamián Fm. This formation crops out throughout the whole of the Cantabrian Zone (of Palaeozoic age), one of the geological zones of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). The geographical distribution of this formation is very wide, surfacing in the provinces of León, Asturias, Palencia and Cantabria.This variety of chert had been included within the group generically known as ‘black chert’, a macrogroup including different types of chert that appear in different Palaeozoic formations in the area and which share a characteristic black colour at the macroscopic level. The characterisation presented here has enabled us to distinguish it from other varieties. In this study, Vegamián chert has been divided into two different groups depending on their textural, mineralogical, geochemical and thermal propierties. Type 1, the most suitable for knapping, is characterized by high content in silica (>97%), laminated matrix and, occasionally, ghost of radiolarians.  In addition, the characteristics specific to this chert make it suitable for lithic knapping processes. To confirm its use by prehistoric populations, this chert will be compared to that found in two Mesolithic sites, the caves of La Uña and El Espertín (León, south versant of the Cantabrian Mountains), the raw materials from which are currently under study.

scholarly journals INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN, SULAWESI TENGGARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Muhammad Rafiy ◽  
Surianti Surianti
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Smoked Fish

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ketersediaan bahan baku dan skala pemasaran industri pengolahan hasil perikanan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017 dan 2018 dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang didistribusikan kepada 21 responden pelaku usaha. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan, serta Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Data diolah melalui analisis deskriptif dan SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan industri pengolahan hasil perikanan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan karena bahan baku bersumber dari potensi lokal, namun kelemahannya adalah bahan baku tersebut masih fluktuatif. Kendala bahan baku dialami khususnya oleh industri fermentasi, pengasapan, dan pengeringan ikan. Selain faktor musiman, ketersediaan bahan baku juga terkendala karena bahan baku sebagian besar berasal dari nelayan tradisional dengan struktur armada perikanan yang didominasi oleh nelayan skala kecil. Dengan demikian, pengembangan industri hasil perikanan mensyaratkan perbaikan di sektor hulu melalui sinergitas kebijakan penanganan keterbatasan bahan baku dari berbagai lembaga terkait. Sementara itu, temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 24% unit usaha telah menembus pasar nasional. Ketersediaan bahan baku juga terkendala karena 28% telah menembus pasar regional, sisanya 48% hanya mampu memasarkan produknya di wilayah lokal. Kelompok industri yang hanya menjangkau skala lokal, yaitu industri pelumatan, pengasapan, dan pemindangan, serta beberapa usaha makanan olahan hasil perikanan. Bagi industri yang mengalami jangkauan pasar yang rendah akibat minimnya ketersediaan bahan baku, maka dapat menggunakan bahan baku pengganti namun tetap mempertahankan kualitas produk sesuai dengan selera pasar.Title: Fish Processing Industry in South Konawe Regency,  South East SulawesiThis study aimed to examine the availability of raw materials and the marketing scale of fish processing industry in South Konawe Regency. This research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 using primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through questionnaires from 21 respondents. Secondary data were collected from Statistics Indonesia, Fisheries and Marine Affairs Office, and Industry and Trade Affairs of South Konawe Regency. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results found that raw material from local sources is the major force of fish processing industry. However, the fluctuating condition of its availability becomes the weakness. Fermentation, smoked fish, and dried fish processing industries suffer from this raw material problems. In addition, the availability of raw materials also largely depends on fishing results from small-scale traditional fishers. Therefore, the development of the fish industries need some specific improvement in the upstream section through the synergy on policies regarding raw material management from related institutions. Meanwhile, the research finding showed that 24% of business units have penetrated national market 28% have penetrated regional market, while the remaining 48% have only penetrated local market. The local industries were pulverized, smoked fish, fish brine, and some other fish processing industries. Those who could only reach small market area due to limited availability of raw materials are able to use substitute materials in a similar quality of market preferences.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN BATANG PISANG (MUSA PARADISIACA L) DALAM PEMBUATAN PULP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ACETOSOLV SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA DI SEKOLAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Zona Octarya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Banana Stem

AbstractAcetosolv process is one of making pulp alternative which friendly environmental. Making pulp of banana stem with a solution of acetic acid cooking (CH3COOH) and catalyst sulfate acid (H2SO4) are expected to take place simultaneously, either delignification process or degradation of polisakarida. The variable process is looked in this research is concentration of acetic acid (70%-wt, 80%-wt, 90-wt%) with cooking time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours), whereas constant variabel in this research in liquid to solid ratio (20/1), concentration catalyst (0.6%-wt), and measure of raw materials (±1,5cm). The result of the study exhibit banana stem may become as raw material in making pulp which using acetosolv. Yield pulp around 50.64 % -57.13% with content of lignin pulp 12.5% -19.42%, and content of cellulose pulp 80,85%-82,28%, which is variation according to process. The best condition which produce yield with high cellulose level and low lignin are gotten at concentration of cooking 90%-wt with time of cooking 3 hours. The result shows that banana stem pulp have yield of 50.64%, lignin 12.5% and cellulose 87.49%. Implementation knowledge of student senior high school 1 Tembilahan to exploiting banana stem in making pulp categorized as "very good" because the final results show the percentage obtained 86.78% which lies in the range of 81% -100%, this percentage is in the category of "very good ''. Keywords:  Banana stem, Acetosolv, Yield pulp, Lignin, Cellulose, Implementation.

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