scholarly journals Iron as a Promising Alloying Element for the Cost Reduction of Titanium Alloys: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Ayad Omran Abdalla ◽  
Astuty Amrin ◽  
Sallehuddin Muhammad ◽  
Mohd Ariff Azmah Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Alloy Series ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fe Addition

This article focuses on the effect of iron (Fe) addition on the fabrication of Ti-alloys. Fe is a potential inexpensive element that can be added to Ti-alloys to reduce their cost. This metal can also be used to replace expensive β-stabilizing alloying elements, such as vanadium (V) and molybdenum (Mo), for Ti-alloys. Fe has also been utilized as a novel cost-effective alloying element to decrease Ti-alloy costs and to design other alloys, such as Ti metal 62S (Ti-6Al-1.7Fe-0.1Si) and Ti-Fe-O-N Ti-alloy. This technical perspective has been further applied to fabricate new Ti-alloys. For example, Ti8LC and Ti-5.5Al-1Fe with good mechanical features have been developed as novel Ti-alloys in China and Japan, respectively. Nowadays, vanadium (V) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is completely replaced with Fe to produce Ti-Al-Fe alloy series. Three new alloys, namely, Ti-6Al-xFe, where x = 1, 2, and 3 wt%, are introduced to examine the effect of Fe addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-alloys.

scholarly journals Economic consequences to society of pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009 – preliminary results for Sweden

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Brouwers ◽  
B Cakici ◽  
M Camitz ◽  
A Tegnell ◽  
M Boman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Swedish Society ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Death Cases

Experiments using a microsimulation platform show that vaccination against pandemic H1N1 influenza is highly cost-effective. Swedish society may reduce the costs of pandemic by about SEK 2.5 billion (approximately EUR 250 million) if at least 60 per cent of the population is vaccinated, even if costs related to death cases are excluded. The cost reduction primarily results from reduced absenteeism. These results are preliminary and based on comprehensive assumptions about the infectiousness and morbidity of the pandemic, which are uncertain in the current situation.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Enhancement of Electrical Conductivities and Mechanical Properties in Cu-Ti Alloy by Hydrogenation Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1319-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsunori Kamegawa ◽  
Toru Iwaki ◽  
Masuo Okada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Disproportionation Reaction ◽  
Hydrogenation Process ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

Effects of hydrogenation process of the microstructure, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties for the Cu-(1~3) mass%Ti alloys were investigated. During hydrogenation process at 350°C, 7.5 MPa for 48 h, the disproportionation reaction occurred with forming of Ti hydrides in the alloy. It is found that remarkable simultaneous improvements of mechanical strength of 1094 MPa and electrical properties of 21%IACS are obtained in the hydrogenated Cu-3mass%Ti alloy.

Formation of TiO2 Coating Layer on the Surface Treated Ti Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Ha ◽  
Z. X. Yang ◽  
Kyu Hong Hwang ◽  
J. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Ti Alloys

Pure Titanium alloys are superiorities of biocompatibility, mechanical properties and chemical stability. The biocompatibility of Ti alloy is related to the surface effect. In this study, Ti Alloys were treated by alkali and acid activation process. And through the sol coating layer, biocompatibility were investigated. Consequently, it appeared that the porous layer was generated on the surface of alloy by surface treatment and sol coating process. It was found that with surface treatment on Ti alloy, the formation speed of porous was much quicker compared with those ones without treatment. Therefore, the biocompatibility was improved.

Is There Cost Reduction Potential for Extended Half-Life Cephalosporins?

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Scalley ◽  
Clifford C. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Drug Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Nursing Time ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Two new second-generation cephalosporin derivatives with extended half-lives, ceforanide and cefonicid, have recently entered the U.S. marketplace. Because longer dosing intervals require fewer daily doses, potential exists for overall cost reduction if pharmacy and nursing time can be effectively saved. Reduction in personnel costs, however, must be sufficient for these more expensive products to be truly cost effective. We studied the impact of substituting these newer agents for older, less expensive products with formulary status at our 200-bed community hospital. Results show that no nursing expenses could be recovered, and there is little chance of consistently reducing pharmacy compounding expenses. Within the constraints of these studies, particularly physician prescribing habits, the GRASP (Grace Reynolds Application and Study of PETO) system of determining nurse staffing, and our drug acquisition costs, we find that the newer extended half-life products have very limited usefulness and may only increase the cost of antibiotic utilization.

scholarly journals Ternary Ti alloys functionalised with antibacterial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bolzoni ◽  
M. Alqattan ◽  
L. Peters ◽  
Y. Alshammari ◽  
F. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Materials ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

AbstractProsthesis bacterial infection occurring during surgery is a rising health issue. Pathogenic bacterial infection causes inflammation, interferes with the healing process, inhibits osteogenesis and, eventually, leads to implant failure. These issues can be tackled either by applying coatings or developing multifunctional (i.e. structural and antibacterial) materials. In this work, β eutectoid bearing functionalised Ti alloys were designed and manufactured via the cost-effective press and sinter powder metallurgy route. The systematic analysis of the ternary Ti–xCu–yMn alloys shows that the mechanical properties proportionally increase with the amount of alloying elements added. All the ternary Ti–xCu–yMn alloys have strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with respect to the negative control (i.e. pure Ti). Our study demonstrates that ternary Ti–xCu–yMn alloys are promising candidates for structural prostheses functionalised with antibacterial capability.

scholarly journals Strengthening of a Near β-Ti Alloy through β Grain Refinement and Stress-Induced α Precipitation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Kangtun Feng ◽  
Yongcheng Lin ◽  
Xiaoyong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Strength And Ductility ◽  
Α Particles

Near β-Ti alloys with high strength and good ductility are desirable for application in aviation and aerospace industries. Nevertheless, strength and ductility are usually mutually exclusive in structural materials. Here we report a new thermo-mechanical process, that is, the alloy was cross-rolled in β field then aged at 600 °C for 1 h. By such a process, a high strength (ultimate tensile strength: 1480 MPa) and acceptable ductility (elongation: 10%) can be simultaneously achieved in the near β-Ti alloy, based on the microscale β matrix and nanoscale α phase. The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms have been clarified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the grain size of the β phase progressively decreased with the increasing of rolling reduction. Moreover, dense dislocation structures and martensite phases distributed in the cross-rolled β matrix can effectively promote the precipitation of nanoscale α particles. TEM analyses confirmed that a heat-treatment twin was generated in the newly formed α lath during aging. These findings provide insights towards developing Ti alloys with optimized mechanical properties.

Reactive Blends of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and Thermoplastic Starch

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Vorawan Arunyagasemsuke ◽  
Supakij Suttiruengwong ◽  
Manus Seadan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Reactive Blend ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Internal Mixer

The blend of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) are a promising way to get a new class of bio-compostible plastic, balance the cost effective issue and good mechanical properties. Blends of both polymers are immiscible in nature. Therefore, to make the blend to be more compatible, some block-copolymer compatibilizer can be introduced. Reactive blend is one of effective ways to create such compatibilization at the interface. The objective of this work was to study the reactive blends of PBAT/TPS in comparison to the physical blend. The reactive blends were prepared in both an internal mixer and a twin-screw extruder. For reactive blends in twin-screw extruder, PBAT, starch, glycerol and reactive agent were all pre-mixed and blended in an extruder on one step process. The weight ratio of PBAT:TPS (starch + glycerol) was fixed at 60:40. The reactive agent maleic anhydride (MA) and peroxide (Luperox® 101) were used at very low level 0-0.1 phr. The mechanical properties, morphology and flows property of blends were characterized using tensile machine, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and melt flow indexer (MFI). The internal mixer torque showed a decrease in a final torque value of TPS when MA being added, confirming the chain scsision reaction of TPS. The finer morphogy and better mechanical properties were obtained in the reactive blend with 0.1 phr of MA and 0.1 phr of peroxide.

scholarly journals Affordable Roofing System with Square and Rectangular Dome Panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2941-2951
Author(s):  
M.N. Harshitha ◽  
S. Vivek
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Beam ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Roofing System

Affordable roofing is a word, which refers to residence units or habitation units whose prices are assumed/expected to be affordable or economical to a category of community with an identified remuneration limit or scale. Structural roofs are taken in to computation for considerable or valuable price of building in ordinary condition. Thus some savings accomplished in roofing operation or roofing system, significantly decreases the price of the structural units or building unit. In India, BMTPC (Building material and technology promotion council) and HUDCO ( Housing and urban development corporation limited) are the main tow organization or council who have been advertising or promoting appropriate building material and construction technologies in different territory or division of the country. In this roofing, systemized, standardized, advanced roofing units or parts have been used to avoid the temporary structures like shuttering. Hence, the roofing will be economical and progress of work is fast which ensures better in quality. Even though the studies, experiments or researching on this affordable roofing system as not been completely utilized as in other sector or region, a concentrated examination or exploration is to be done to verify the prefabricated roofing which would change the common roofing procedure. The major requisite of choosing affordable roofing system is to develop or advance the rapidity in construction and to decrease the price. In the current work, staadpro software is used for designing the precast RCC roofs and analysis of joist by analytical study using the finite element method. The outcomes which manifest the satisfactory volume of price or cost depletion for various set of panels. In this design, we have considered two least dimensions of 0.5m and 0.75m panels. The aspect ratios which is varying from 1 to 2 and the price depletion is of 0.4% to 9.4% for the least dimension of 0.5m panels. Likewise aspect ratio varying from 1 to 2 with a price depletion from 19.7% to 34.7% for a least dimensions of 0.75m panel size. As the size of the panels increases it becomes cost effective. The preferred roofing system was found to be more cost beneficial as compared with regular RCC roofing system with the increase in dimension of the slab. The roofing system is designed considering M20 concrete and fe415 steel. The beam system panels are precasted and can be easily placed in the position. 3 to 5 masons are enough to easily handle the loads of panels and primary, secondary beam because of weights of panels are less as compare to Conventional slabs. The affordable roofing systems requires lesser time for construction when compare to conventional RCC slab. The major advantage of this roofing is that false roofing works is not required for the dome shaped portion. This dome shaped portion sealing gives good attractive or decorative appearance. The cost analysis made between conventional roofing system and proposed roofing system indicates a cost reduction or depletion of 40% when compare to RCC slab of same size.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Densification Mo/Cu Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2883-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Qin Chen ◽  
Gao Hui Wu ◽  
Long Tao Jiang ◽  
De Zhi Zhu ◽  
Dong Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Casting Technology ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Cost

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the 55%, 60% and 67% Mo/Cu composites for electronic packaging application fabricated by a patent squeeze casting route have been investigated. The results show that Mo particles are homogeneously distributed in the matrix, and the Mo-Cu interfaces are clean, free from interfacial reaction products and amorphous layers. The densification of the Mo/Cu composites is higher than 99%. The as-received composites exhibit a Brinell hardness varying from HB178.1 to HB196.9 and an elastic modulus varying from 177GPa to 213 GPa. The tensile strength of the composites is higher than 480MPa. Moreover, the composites display favorable plasticity, while the elongation of the 55% Mo/Cu composite is as high as 5%. Obtaining high tensile strength and elongation in the composite is attributed to the high densification, as well as the clean and smooth Mo-Cu interfaces, both resulting from the cost-effective squeeze-casting technology.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

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